Visual disorders

Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health, 20050229 by Mary Bekker

Prevention

Regular eye exams are important to detect silent eye problems (for example, glaucoma). Left untreated, glaucoma can result in blindness.

Corneal infections can be treated with effective antibiotics. When a cornea has become opaque beyond recovery it must be transplanted.

Cataracts should be removed when they interfere with a person's quality of life.

Primary prevention addresses the causes before they begin to cause eye damage. In those climates and environments where it is an issue for eye diseases, fly control can be accomplished by simple sanitation methods. Public health measures can reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases. Vitamin A supplementation, when appropriate, will eliminate xerophthalmia completely. Isome studies show that protecting the eyes against ultraviolet (UV) light will reduce the incidence of cataracts, macular degeneration, and some other eye diseases. UV coatings can be placed on regular glasses, sunglasses, and ski goggles. Protective goggles should also be worn during certain activities for protection.

Secondary prevention addresses treating established diseases before they cause irreversible eye damage. Regular general physical examinations can also detect systemic diseases such as diabetes or high blood pressure. Diabetes control is a crucial factor in preserving sight in people affected by the disease.