Cost effectiveness of a latrine revision programme in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization,  April, 2004  by D.R. Meddings

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Introduction

WHO estimates that diarrhoeal diseases are the third leading cause of infectious disease-related mortality, claiming approximately 2.2 million lives annually (1). Children under 5 years account for an estimated 2 million deaths and 1.5 billion bouts of diarrhoea annually (1).

Numerous studies have examined the impact of improvements in water and sanitation facilities on diarrhoeal disease (2-6). Most of them have reported positive effects (4), although many of them have encountered methodological problems (7). A review from more than 28 countries reported a 26% median reduction in morbidity and a 55% reduction in all-cause child mortality ...