Frankenstein

FRANKENSTEIN

USA, 1931

Director: James Whale

Production: Universal Pictures; black and white, 35mm; running time: 71 minutes. Released 1931. Filmed in Universal studios. Cost: $250,000.

Producer: Carl Laemmle Jr.; screenplay: Garrett Fort, Francis Faragoh, and John L. Balderston, uncredited first draft by Robert Florey, from John Balderston's adaptation of Mary Shelley's novel adapted from the play by Peggy Webling; photography: Arthur Edeson; editor: Clarence Kolster; sound recording supervisor: C. Roy Hunter; art director: Charles Hall; music: David Broekman; makeup: Jack Pierce; laboratory equipment: Ken Strickfadden.

Cast: Colin Clive ( Dr. Henry Frankenstein ); Boris Karloff ( The Monster ); Mae Clarke ( Elizabeth ); John Boles ( Victor ); Edward Van Sloan ( Dr. Waldman ); Dwight Frye ( Fritz ); Frederick Kerr.

Publications

Script:

Fort, Garrett, Francis Faragoh, and John L. Balderston, James Whale's Frankenstein , edited by Richard Anobile, New York, 1974.

Books:

Laclos, Michel, Le Fantastique au Cinéma , Paris, 1958.

Clarens, Carlos, An Illustrated History of the Horror Film , New York, 1968.

Gifford, Denis, Movie Monsters , New York, 1969.

Baxter, John, Science Fiction in the Cinema , New York, 1970.

Butler, Ivan, Horror in the Cinema , revised edition, New York, 1970.

Huss, Roy, and T. J. Ross, editors, Focus on the Horror Film , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1972.

Underwood, Peter, Karloff: The Life of Boris Karloff , New York, 1972.

Gifford, Denis, Karloff: The Man, The Monster, The Movies , New York, 1973.

Glut, Donald, The Frankenstein Legend: A Tribute to Mary Shelley and Boris Karloff , Metuchen, New Jersey, 1973.

Bojarski, Richard, and Kenneth Beale, The Films of Boris Karloff , Secaucus, New Jersey, 1974.

Frankenstein

Everson, William, Classics of the Horror Film , Secaucus, New Jersey, 1974.

Jensen, Paul, Boris Karloff and His Films , New York, 1974.

Barsacq, Leon, Caligari's Cabinet and Other Grand Illusions: A History of Film Design , revised and edited by Elliott Stein, Boston, 1976.

Tropp, Martin, Mary Shelley's Monster: The Story of Frankenstein , Boston, 1976.

Derry, Charles, Dark Dreams: A Psychological History of the Modern Horror Film , New York, 1977.

Ellis, Reed, Journey Into Darkness: The Art of James Whale's Horror Films , New York, 1980.

Klein, Michael, and Gillian Parker, editors, The English Novel and the Movies , New York, 1981.

Curtis, James, James Whale , Metuchen, New Jersey, 1982.

Articles:

New York Times , 5 December 1931.

Variety (New York), 8 December 1931.

New York Times , 20 December 1931.

Edwards, Roy, "Movie Gothic: A Tribute to James Whale," in Sight and Sound , Autumn 1957.

Karloff, Boris, "My Life as a Monster," in Films and Filming (London), November 1957.

Fink, Robert, and William Thomaier, "James Whale," in Films in Review (New York), May 1962.

"Memories of a Monster," in Saturday Evening Post (New York), 3 November 1962.

Bloom, Harold, in Partisan Review (New Brunswick, New Jersey), Fall 1965.

Roman, Robert C., "Boris Karloff," in Films in Review (New York), August-September 1969.

Gerard, Lillian, "Boris Karloff: The Man Behind the Myth," in Film Comment (New York), Spring 1970.

Hitchens, Gordon, "Some Historical Notes on Dr. Frankenstein and his Monster," in Film Comment (New York), Spring 1970.

Jensen, Paul, in Film Comment (New York), Fall 1970.

Jensen, Paul, "James Whale," in Film Comment (New York), Spring 1971.

Verstappen, H., "Schept vreugde met mij, horror freaks," in Skoop (Amsterdam), no. 2, 1972.

Dillard, R. H. W., "Drawing the Circle: A Devolution of Values in 3 Horror Films," in Film Journal (Hollins College, Virginia), January-March 1973.

Schepelern, P., in Kosmorama (Copenhagen), March 1973.

Evans, Walter, "Monster Movies: A Sexual Theory," in Journal of Popular Film (Washington, D.C.), Fall 1973.

Evans, Walter, "Monster Movies and Rites of Initiation," in Journal of Popular Film (Washington, D.C.), Spring 1975.

Huskins, D. Gail, in Magill's Survey of Cinema 1 , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1980.

Starburst (London), no. 32, 1981.

Viviani, C., "Fauses pistes," in Positif (Paris), June 1983.

American Cinematographer (Los Angeles), April 1987.

Mank, G., "Robert Florey, James Whale, and Universal's Frankenstein ," in Midnight Marquee (Baltimore), Fall 1988.

Mank, Gregory, " Frankenstein Restored," in Films in Review (New York), vol. 40, no. 6–7, June-July 1989.

Mank, Gregory, "Little Maria Remembers," in Films in Review (New York), vol. 43, no. 9–10, September-October 1992.