Looking to the skies: stargazing Carnegie celebrates one hundred years. (Astronomy).(Brief Article)

This year marks the centennial of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C., the private nonprofit group founded by industrialist Andrew Carnegie to promote new discoveries in the sciences. Some of its most important finds have been out of this world. In 1919 the Carnegie hired Edwin Hubble (right), who first confirmed that celestial bodies known as nebulae were actually galaxies outside our own.

These days Carnegie scientists are looking for life beyond our planet, with recent studies concentrating on Jupiter's moons, including Europa (below). Microbiologist James Scott is ...

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