Employment during high school and student achievement: longitudinal analysis of national data.

Journal of Educational Research, The, September, 2001 by Keith, Timothy Z.; Quirk, Jeffrey T.; Quirk, Kimberly J.

Previous research findings in the area of student employment and its relation to academic achievement have been inconsistent. Studies have reported that employment may have beneficial, harmful, or insignificant effects on achievement or that employment may have differing effects, depending on the number of hours worked. Many researchers have found a slightly positive effect of working on achievement for up to 15-20 hr of work per week and negative effects when students work more than 15-20 hr per week (Kablaoui & Pautler, 1991; Marsh, 1991; Steinberg & Cauffman, 1995; Steinberg & Dornbusch, 1991).

Only a few researchers have investigated the longitudinal effect of working on achievement, with varying results (Greenberger & Steinberg, 1986; Mortimer, Finch,...

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