Popularity of indoor tanning contributes to increased incidence of skin cancer

Dermatology Nursing, June, 2006 by Diana Gorgos

In a quest to get a "sunless" tan, almost 30 million Americans visit indoor tanning salons each year, and on an average day, more than 1 million Americans visit tanning salons. Of these, 70% are Caucasian girls and women between the ages of 16 and 49. More than 250/0 of teen girls have used tanning salons three or more times in their lives. According to a 2005 survey conducted by the American Academy of Dermatology, 92% of respondents understand that getting a tan from the sun is dangerous. Yet, 65% said that they think they look better when they have a tan.

While many people believe that tanning at a tanning salon is a safer alternative to sunbathing, this is not the case, according to an article published in the December 2005 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. "Indoor tanning is simply not safe," said dermatologist James M. Spencer, MD, one of the authors of the article. "A recent report from the Centers for Disease Control showed that there were 700 emergency room visits because of injuries like sunburns, infections, and eye damage from tanning bed use. In addition to these immediate injuries, tanning bed users have an increased risk of developing skin cancer, including the most deadly form, melanoma, in the long term."

An elevated skin cancer risk is one of the most serious side effects of indoor tanning. In one study that the authors reviewed, 106,973 women from Norway and Sweden were followed for an average of 8 years. Overall, regular tanning bed use was associated with a 55% increase in the risk of developing melanoma, especially in women between the ages of 20 and 29.

Recently, medical organizations have been taking a harder look at indoor tanning. In March 2005, the World Health Organization recommended that no per sons under the age of 18 use tanning beds. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) fully supports this recommendation and encourages states to actively pursue legislation that protects children. Specifically, the AAD supports the following requirements for indoor tanning salons:

* No minor should be permitted to use tanning devices.

* A Surgeon General's warning should be placed on all tanning devices.

* No person or facility should advertise the use of any ultraviolet A or ultraviolet B tanning device using wording such as "safe," "safe tanning," "no harmful rays," "no adverse effect," or similar wording or concepts.

"The volume of research we reviewed confirms that indoor tanning is a dangerous practice and poses great risks to a person's health," Dr. Spencer said. "There is no reason to participate in this activity. If you really want to look tan, consider using a sunless self-tanning product," Dr. Spencer said. "But remember to use a sunscreen with a sun protection factor of at least 15 with it."

More than 10,500 people died from skin cancer in 2005. Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the primary cause of skin cancer. Indoor tanning lamps can emit both ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation at high levels and the new high-pressure UVA sunlamps can emit doses of UVA that can be as much as 15 times that of the sun, significantly increasing a tanning bed user's skin cancer risk.

The study results were determined by a random sample telephone survey conducted among a national probability sample of 1,013 adults comprising 505 men and 508 women 18 years of age and older, living in private households in the continental United States. This CARAVAN[R] survey was conducted in January 2005 by Opinion Research Corporation (Princeton, NJ) in collaboration with the AAD.

Dermatology Nursing News is a regular feature in Dermatology Nursing. Please send news on professional issues, dermatology issues, professional meetings, and other items of interest to Diana Gorgos, News Editor, c/o Dermatology Nursiub East Holly Avenue Box 56, Pitman, NJ 08071-0056; FAX (856) 589-7463; e-mail: dnjrnl@ajj.com

Diana Gorgos, MS, BS, RN, is a Provider Support Manager, Healthways, Lake City, MN; and DNA Focus Editor.