Institutional environments for entrepreneurship: evidence from emerging economies in Eastern Europe

Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Jan, 2008 by Tatiana S. Manolova, Rangamohan V. Eunni, Bojidar S. Gyoshev

Cognitive 3: Those who start new businesses know how to manage risk.

Cognitive 4: Most people know where to find information about markets for their products.

Normative Dimension

Normative 1: Turning new ideas into businesses is an admired career path in this country.

Normative 2: In this country, innovative and creative thinking is viewed as a route to Success.

Normative 3: Entrepreneurs are admired in this country.

Normative 4: People in this country tend to greatly admire those who start their own business.

Grateful acknowledgments are due to Diana Pauna and Friederike Welter from Latvia, and Karoly Balaton and Lilla Hortovanyi from Hungary for their assistance in collecting the data in these countries.

REFERENCES

Acs, Z.J., Arenius, P., Hay, M., & Minniti, M. (2004). Global entrepreneurship monitor: 2004 executive report. Babson Park, MA: Babson College and London: London Business School.

Acs, Z.A., O'Gorman, C., Szerb, L., & Terjesen, S. (2007). Could the Irish miracle be repeated in Hungary? Small Business Economics, 28(2), 123-142.

Ahlstrom, D. & Bruton, G.D. (2002). An institutional perspective on the role of culture in shaping strategic actions by technology-focused entrepreneurial firms in China. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 53-70.

Ahlstrom, D., Bruton, G.D., & Yeh, K.S. (2007). Venture capital in China: Past, present, and future. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(3), 247-258.

Aidis, R. (2003). Entrepreneurship and economic transition. A Timbergen Institute Discussion Paper TI2003-015/2. Amsterdam: Timbergen Institute. Available at http://www.tinbergen.nl, accessed 30 August 2006.

Aidis, R. & Estrin, S. (2006, June). Institutions, networks, and entrepreneurship development in Russia: An exploration. William Davidson Institute Working Paper No. 833. Ann Arbor, MI: William Davidson Institute. Available at http://www.wdi.umich.edu, accessed 30 August 2006.

Aldrich, H.E. (1990). Using an ecological perspective to study organizational founding rates. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(3), 7-24.

Aldrich, H.E. & Auster, A.R. (1986). Even dwarfs started small. In B.M. Staw & L.L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 8, pp. 165-198). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Aldrich, H.E. & Wiedenmayer, G. (1993). From traits to rates: An ecological perspective on organizational foundings. In J.A. Katz & R.H. Brockhaus (Eds.), Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence, and growth (pp. 145-195). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Baumol, W.J. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive, and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893-922.

Bentler, RM. & Bonett, D.G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit tests in covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.

Bierstedt, R. (1974). The social order (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Bollen, K.A. (1986). Sample size and Bentler and Bonett's non-normed fit index. Psychometrica, 51,375-377.

Bosma, N. & Harding, R. (2007). Global entrepreneurship: GEM 2006 summary results. Babson Park, MA: Babson College and London: London Business School.