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Variations in NHL attendance: the impact of violence, scoring, and regional rivalries - Discrimination and The NHL
American Journal of Economics and Sociology, The, April, 2003 by Rodney J. Paul
Table IIA
Attendance Regression--Entire NHL
Dep. Var = ATTN Dep. Var = PRICE
Indep. Variables Coefficient Indep. Variables Coefficient
(T-Stat) (T-Stat)
Constant 5896.754 *** Constant 49.9052 ***
(5.5467) (24.7762)
[ATTN.sub.t-1] 0.3848 *** CAN -6.8276 ***
(15.3630) (6.1074)
OPNIGHT 2699.574 *** POP -0.0003 **
(6.4223) (-2.5104)
WEEKEND 1036.033 *** INC -0.0002 ***
(8.5893) (-2.800)
OCT -697.1788 *** BASE 2.4112 ***
(-3.6538) (3.4143)
LATE 529.0045 *** FOOT -6.46534 ***
(3.5903) (-8.0311)
BASE -85.2989 BASK 7.9948 ***
(-0.3910) (14.8955)
FOOT -693.9063 ***
(-3.1422)
BASK -209.4496
(-1.2996)
POP -0.0608
(-1.6188)
INC -0.0284 *
(-1.8936)
[PLAYOFF.sub.t-1] -1219.101 ***
(-5.4048)
[RD2.sub.t-1] 1015.967 ***
(5.2876)
[PTS.sub.t-1] 101.5053 ***
(9.4248)
[GF.sub.t-1] -36.6321 ***
(-9.3283)
PPG 753.5698 **
(2.1045)
GPG -320.6427 *
(-1.7235)
PMPG 168.9210 ***
(5.4558)
VPPG 412.3105
(0.8355)
VGPG 862.0407 **
(2.2736)
VFPG 2.5558
(0.1666)
DIV 240.2968 *
(1.6815)
NONCONF -70.4024
(-0.5148)
R-Squared 0.5247 0.2583
Adj. R-Squared 0.5139 0.2538
Table 1
Attendance Regression--Entire NHL
Dep. Var = ATT Dep. Var = PRICE
Indep. Variables Coefficient Indep. Variables Coefficient
(T-Stat) (T-Stat)
Constant 6697.433 *** Constant 49.9052 ***
(6.6703) (24.7762)
[ATTN.sub.t-1] 0.3599 *** CAN -6.8276 ***
(13.9497) (-6.1074)
OPNIGHT 2672.662 *** POP -0.0003 **
(6.3980) (-2.5104)
WEEKEND 1009.321 *** INC -0.0002 ***
(8.4448) (-2.800)
OCT -706.4496 *** BASE 2.4112 ***
(-3.7543) (3.4143)
LATE 536.8792 *** FOOT -6.46534 ***
(3.6961) (-8.0311)
BASE -522.3827 ** BASK 7.9948 ***
(-2.2355) (14.8955)
FOOT -467.9092 **
(-2.1208)
BASK -573.7769 ***
(-3.5782)
POP -0.0221
(-0.5897)
INC -0.0197
(-1.3429)
[PLAYOFF.sub.t-1] -834.1482 ***
(-3.6514)
[RD2.sub.t-1] 1198.128 ***
(6.1996)
[PTS.sub.t-1] 97.4562 ***
(9.6261)
[GF.sub.t-1] -36.2666 ***
(-9.6387)
PPG 1021.809 ***
(22.8422)
GPG -374.2317 ***
(-2.0291)
FPG 3859.880 ***
(6.9796)
VPPG 203.0535
(0.3876)
VGPG 931.6809 ***
(2.4289)
VFPG -256.5150
(-0.7104)
DIV 260.0000 *
(1.7687)
NONCONF -61.3013
(-0.4527)
R-Squared 0.5422 0.2583
Adj. R-Squared 0.5317 0.2538
Table 2
Attendance Regression--U.S. Teams
Dep. Var = ATN Dep. Var = PRICE
Indep. Variables Coefficient Indep. Variables Coefficient
(T-Stat) (T-Stat)
Constant 4957.298 *** Constant 46.3172 ***
(4.0528) (29.5206)
[ATTN.sub.t-1] 0.3261 *** POP -0.0011 ***
(10.9058) (-11.2629)
OPNIGHT 2876.866 *** INC .00005
(5.7371) (1.1010)
WEEKEND 1145.926 *** BASE 6.1809 ***
(8.0635) (11.2859)
OCT -839.6677 *** FOOT -8.0772 ***
(-3.5935) (-12.9614)
LATE 534.3807 *** BASK 5.9924 ***
(3.0937) (12.8349)
BASE -36.1806
(-0.0968)
FOOT -676.4715 **
(-2.3488)
BASK -1024.401 ***
(-3.32403)
POP -0.1318 ***
(-3.0111)
INC 0.0297
(1.3229)
[PLAYOFF.sub.t-1] -1393.916 ***
(-2.8734)
[RD2.sub.t-1] 1279.313 ***
(4.6849)
[PTS.sub.t-1] 119.5065 ***
(5.3106)
[GF.sub.t-1] -41.9502 ***
(-5.3602)
PPG 1426.866 ***
(3.0621)
GPG -547.2855 ***
(-2.4302)
FPG 4686.510 ***
(5.7205)
VPPG -277.6136
(-0.4469)
VGPG 1409.874 ***
(3.0886)
VFPG -533.2574
(-1.2397)
DIV 362.5813 ***
(3.0886)
NONCONF -137.6379
(-0.8519)
R-Squared 0.5393 0.3098
Adj. R-Squared 0.5251 0.3051
Table 3
Attendance Regression--Canadian Teams
Dep. var = ATTN Dep. Var = PRICE
Indep. Variables Coefficient Indep. Variables Coefficient
(T-Stat) (T-Stat)
Constant 20637.92 *** Constant -11.7357 ***
(13.0033) (-3.9881)
OPNIGHT 2060.808 *** POP 0.00752 ***
(3.9008) (56.5066)
WEEKEND 422.9147 *** INC 0.0018 ***
(2.7231) (12.8397)
OCT -783.6579 ***
(-3.5446)
LATE 904.7757 ****
(4.7326)
POP 0.9434 ***
(16.1911)
INC -0.4718 ***
(-5.8039)
[PTS.sub.t-1] 169.2729 ***
(14.2259)
[GF.sub.t-1] -53.3356 ***
(-8.4994)
PPG 114.2291
(0.2822)
GPG -64.0017
(-0.2438)
FPG 3126.454 ***
(3.5416)
VPPG 1623.129 **
(2.3483)
VGPG -576.0617
(-1.1491)
VFPG -40.0870
(-0.0851)
DIV -306.6831
(-1.2914)
NONCONF 108.6336
(0.5925)
CANOPP 676.4155 ***
(3.0025)
R-Squared 0.7598 0.9293
Adj. R-Square 0.7419 0.9288
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