Reclaiming the rhozhinke: music and the synagogue service

Judaism, Summer-Fall, 2003 by Joseph A. Levine

8. Mahzor for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, edited by Jules Harlow (New York: Rabbinical Assembly, 1972), p. 243.

9. Mark Kligman, "Contemporary Jewish Music," American Jewish Yearbook, edited by David Singer and Lawrence Grossman (Philadelphia: American Jewish Committee, 2001), pp. 94-99, 100-108, 117-120, 128-133.

10. Hillel Levine, "Sugihara's List" (New York Times, Sept. 20, 1994); Carrie Rickey, "To Refugee Jews, Shanghai was Life" (Philadelphia Inquirer, Feb. 7, 2003).

11. Shanghai Ghetto, film directed by Dana Jankowicz-Hann and Amir Mann (Rebel Child Pictures, 2003).

12. Sigmund Freud, Civilization and its Discontents, translated and edited By James Strachey (New York: W.[dagger]W.Norton, 1961), pp. 55-63.

13. Carl V. Kraeling, s.v. "Music in the Bible," New Oxford History of Music (London: Oxford University Press, 1957), p. 304.

14. Joseph A. Levine, Synagogue Song in America (Livingston, NJ: Jason Aronson, 2001), pp. 3, 6-9.

15. Jon Pareles, "Music Moved by the Spirit Thrives Worldwide," New York Times, June 21, 1998.

16. David Wulston, "The Origin of the Modes," Studies in Eastern Chant, volume II, edited by Milos Velimirovic (London: Oxford University Press, 1971), pp. 7-8.

17. Samuel Heilman, Synagogue Life (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976), p. 89; based on Mishnah Ber. 1. 1-4, 4.1, and BT Ber. 26b.

18. Eric Werner, From Generation to Generation (New York: American Conference of Cantors, 1967), p. 138. The Eastern European form of Weekday chant commonly heard in the United States appears in Joseph A. Levine, Emunat Abba: the Sacred Chant of Abba Yosef Weisgal, vol. I. (Baltimore: Hebrew College press, 1981), p. 146.

19. Liber Usualis, edited by the Benectines of Solesmes Abbey in Tournai, Belgium (New York: Desclee, 1956), number 18.

20. Andree Brooks, "In Italian Dust, Signs of a Past Jewish Life," New York Times, May 15, 2003; the headstone was found in 1966 by Dr. Giancarlo Lacerenza of the Oriental Institute in Naples.

21. Isidore of Seville, De officiis ecclesiasticis, I, 9, cited by Eric Werner, The Sacred Bridge, pp. 137, 138.

22. Abraham Z. Idelsohn, Thesaurus of Hebrew Oriental Melodies, volume II (Berlin: Hartz, 1923), pp. 7-8.

23. Joseph Levine, Synagogue Song, pp. 79-80.

24. Hanoch Avenary, s.v. "Shtayger," Encyclopedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1972), 14:1464;

25. Johanna Spector, "Musical tradition and Innovation," in From Central Asia, edited by Edward Allsworth (New York: Columbia University press, 1967), p. 464.

26. Harvard Dictionary of Music, Second Edtition, edited by Willi Appel (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979), p. 47.

27. Text by an anonymous medieval payy'tan, sung as part of the S'lichot ("Forgiveness") section on the Eve of Yom Kippur (Gates of Repentance, edited by Chaim Stern [New York: Central Conference of American Rabbis, 1978], p. 275); translation cited here is by Edward Feld, New High Holy Day Mahzor for the Conservative Movement, manuscript scheduled for publication in 2008. Music by Abba Yosef Weisgal, Shirei Hayyim Ve-Emunah, harmonization by Hugo D. Weisgall (Baltimore: self-published, 1950), pp. 66-67.