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On Alberti's "sign": vision and composition in quattrocento painting - Leon Battista Alberti's commentary 'On Painting'
Art Bulletin, The, Dec, 1997 by Jack M. Greenstein
94. Ibn al-Haytham, II.4. [1-36], esp. [2-5, 33]; Risner, II.63-76.
95. My terminology follows the Latin translations. based on the Arabic, Sabra (1989, passim, and in Ibn al-Haytham, II, esp. 130-40) calls the three stages vision by sense, vision by recognition, and vision by inference.
96. See Sabra, in Ibn al-Haytham, II, 63 - 65; and Summers, 71-109, 151-81.
97. See Ibn al-Haytham, II.3, 4, esp. 4.[2-4, 6-11, 18-20, 34]; Risner, II.8, 15-70, 76, esp. 64-70. Federici-Vescovini, 120-23 nn. 26, 27, 30, 31, 34, quotes the key Latin passages.
98. Summers (154) links Alhazen's "special sensibles" with Aristotle's "common sensibles." Sabra (in Ibn al-Haytham, II, 85-86) questions whether it is helpful to do so. But inasmuch as Bacon (OM, V-I.1.3) also made this link, it is helpful to those concerned with the Latin tradition.
99. Thomas Aquinas, A, II.6. lect. XIII.383-98.
100. Ibn al-Haytham, II.4.[1-2, 11]; Risner, II.63, 67, 71. Cf. Bacon, DMS, 1.2.138ff. For the context of these remarks, see Sabra, in Ibn al-Haytham, II, 4-10. Also see Federici-Vescovini, 125 n. 42, 128-29 n. 56; and Summers, 158, 160, 256-57, 260, 294.
101. Ibn al-Haytham, II.4. [12-19]; Risner, II.66-68. Summarized by Federici-Vescovini, 123-24.
102. Bacon, OM, V-I.10.3, V-II.3.2.
103. See Federici-Vescovini, 139-48; and esp. Tachau.
104. Ibn al-Haytham, II.3; Risner, II.10-62. See Federici-Vescovini, 63-69, 124-32; and Summers, 154-55.
105. Sabra, in Ibn al-Haytham, II, 102-3.
106. Ibn al-Haytham, II.4.[1]; Risner, II.63.
107. Ibn al-Haytham, II.3. [28-36]; Risner, II.12. See Summers, 153-57.
108. Bacon, OM, V-II.3.8. See Summers, 159-61.
109. See Ibn al-Haytham, 1.6.[61], II.3.[22-25, 52, 100, 161], II.4.[18-25]; Risner, II.10-13, 69-75.
110. See Ibn al-Haytham, II.3.[70-71,173], esp. II.4.[19]; Risner, II.69, 71, 75, 79, III.21. Discussed by Sabra, in Ibn al-Haytham, II, 80-81, 102-4. Cf. Federici-Vescovini, 126-28; Bacon, OM, V-II.3.8.
111. Ibn al-Haytham, II.3. [21-22]; cf. II.4. [22-24]. Risner, II. 10, condenses this passage.
112. Ibn al-Haytham, II.3. [23]; Risner, II.14.
113. Ibn al-Haytham, II.4, esp. [12-36]; Risner, II.71-75.
114. Ibn al-Haytham, II.4. [32].
115. For the different meanings of "form," see Sabra, 1989.
116. Ibn al-Haytham, II.3.[25]; cf. II.4.[34]. Risner, II.11, condenses this passage. For discussion of the Latin, see Sabra, in Ibn al-Haytham, II, 82.
117. Sabra, in Ibn al-Haytham, II, 131.
118. Sabra, 1989, 138.
119. See Ibn al-Haytham, II.4; Risner, II.63-76.
120. See also Sabra, in Ibn al-Haytham, II, 8-10, 23-29, 52-54, 68-73, 78-81, 102-4. A similar position is taken by the modern philosopher J. L. Austin, Sense and Sensibilia, ed. G.J. Warnock, New York, 1964.
121. On "intentions," see Sabra, 1978, 171-79; idem, in Ibn al-Haytham, II, 70-73; and esp. Summers, 153-64.
122. Roger Bacon, DMS, 1.1, quoted by Federici-Vescovini, 65-69; cf. Tachau, 11-16.
123. Roger Bacon, OM, IV. 2.1, quoted by Lindberg, 113; cf. Tachau, 7-11; and Lindberg, in Bacon, DMS liii-lxxi.
124. See Bacon, DS. For analysis, see Jan Pinborg, "Roger Bacon on Signs: A Newly Recovered Part of the Opus Maius," in Sprache und Erkenntis im Mittelalter: Akten des VI. Internationalen Kongresses fur Mittelalterliche Philosophie der Societe Internationale pour l'Etude de la Philosophie Medievale, Miscellanea Mediaevalia, XIII, no. 1, Berlin, 1981, 403-12.
