Variations in cesarian delivery for fetal distress

Journal of Family Practice, Nov, 1996 by William J. Hueston, Richard R. McClaflin

[1.] Notzon FC, Placek PJ, Taffel SM. Comparisons of national cesarean section rates. N Engl J Med 1987; 316:386-9. [2.] Taffel SM. Cesarean section in America dramatic trends, 1970 to 1987. Stat Bull Metropolitan Life Insurance Co 1989; 70:2-11 [3.] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rates of cesarean delivery---United States, 1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993; 42:285-9. [4.] Placek PJ Taffel SM. Recent patterns in cesarean delivery in the United States. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1988 15:607-27. [5.] Farrell SJ, Andersen HF, Work BA. Cesarean section: indications and postoperative morbidity. Obstet Gynecol 1980; 56:696-700. [6.] Shiono PJ, McNellis D, Rhoads GG. Reasons for the rising cesarean delivery rates: 1978-1984. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 69:696-700. [7.] Lidegaard O, Bottcher LM, Weber T. Description, evaluation and clinical decision making according to various fetal heart rate patterns. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1992; 71:48-53. [8.] Tussing AD, Wojtowycz MA. Health maintenance organizations, independent practice associations and cesarean section rates. Health Serv Res 1994; 29:75-93. [9.] Burns LR, Geller SE, Wholey DR. The effect of physician factors on the cesarean section decision. Med Care 1995; 33:365-82. [10.] Mott RK, Sandmire HD. The Green Bay cesarean section study: the physician factor as a determinant of cesarean birth rates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 162:1593-602. [11.] Goyert BL, Bottoms SF, Treadwell MC. The physician factor in cesarean birth rates. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:706-9. [12.] McCloskey L, Petitti DB, Hobel CJ. Variations in the use of cesarean delivery for dystocia lessons about the source of care. Med Care 1992; 30:126-35. [13.] Fraser W, Usher RH, McLean FH, Bossenberry C, et al. Temporal variation in rates of cesarean section for dystocia does "convenience" play a role? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987 156:300-4. [14.] Macer JA, Macer Cl, Chan LS. Elective induction versus spontaneous labor. a retrospective study of complications and outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166:1690-7. [15.] Dean AG, Dean JA, Burton AH, Dicker RC. Epi Info, Version 5: a word processing, database, and statistics program for epidemiology on microcomputers. Stone Mountain, Georgia: USD, Inc, 1990. [16.] Jones R, Nagashima A, Hartnett-Goodman M, Goodlin R. Rupture of low transverse cesarean scars during trials of labor. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 77:815-7. [17.] Schneider J, Gallego D, Benito R. Trial of labor after an earlier cesarean section. J Reprod Med 1988; 33:453-6. [18.] Lavin JP, Stephens RJ, Miodovnik M, Barden TP Vaginal delivery in patients with a prior cesarean section. Obstet Gynecol 1982; 59:135-48. [19.] Leveno KJ, Cunningham FG, Nelson S, et al. A prospective comparison of selective and universal electronic fetal monitoring in 34,995 pregnancies. N Engl J Med 1986; 315:615-9.

Submitted, revised, June 12,1996. From the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine, Eau Claire Family Practice Residency, Eau Claire, Wisconsin (W.J.H.), and the Sioux Falls Family Practice Residency and University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (R.R M.). Requests for reprints should be addressed to William J. Hueston, MD, University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire Family Medicine, 807 S Farwell St, Eau Claire, Wl 54701.