Truth and consequences: in the Michigan aftermath, the real fight begins as local institutions work to apply the Supreme Court ruling to meet their campuses' individual needs and/or restrictions - Special reports: focus on diversity
Black Issues in Higher Education, Sept 25, 2003 by Kendra Hamilton
Total Fall Enrollment in Degree-Granting Institutions
Institutions of Degree-granting
higher education, institutions,
in thousands * in thousands **
2-Year 1980 1990 2000
Total 4,521.4 5,240.1 5,948.4
White, non-Hispanic 3,558.5 3,954.3 3,804.1
Black, non-Hispanic 472.5 524.3 734.9
Hispanic 255.1 424.2 843.9
Asian/PI 124.3 215.2 401.9
American Indian/AN 47.0 54.9 74.7
Nonresident Alien 64.1 67.1 89.0
Public 4,328.8 4,996.5 5,697.4
White, non-Hispanic 3,413.1 3,779.8 3,652.2
Black, non-Hispanic 437.9 481.4 691.4
Hispanic 249.8 408.9 809.2
Asian/PI 122.5 210.3 389.2
American Indian/AN 45.2 52.4 70.1
Nonresident Alien 60.3 63.6 85.2
Private 192.6 243.6 251.0
White, non-Hispanic 145.4 174.5 151.8
Black, non-Hispanic 34.6 42.9 43.5
Hispanic 5.3 15.3 34.7
Asian/PI 1.8 4.9 12.7
American Indian/AN 1.8 2.5 4.5
Nonresident Alien 3.7 3.5 3.8
Percentage Distribution of Students ***
Institutions of Degree-granting
higher education * institutions **
2-Year 1980 1990 2000
Total 100% 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 78.7% 75.5% 64%
Black, non-Hispanic 10.4% 10% 12.4%
Hispanic 5.6% 8.1% 14.2%
Asian/PI 2.8% 4.1% 6.8%
American Indian/AN 1% 1% 1.3%
Nonresident Alien 1.4% 1.3% 1.5%
Public 100% 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 78.80% 75.7% 64.1%
Black, non-Hispanic 10.1% 9.6% 12.1%
Hispanic 5.8% 8.2% 14.2%
Asian/PI 2.8% 4.2% 6.8%
American Indian/AN 1% 1% 1.2%
Nonresident Alien 1.4% 1.3% 1.5%
Private 100% 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 75.5% 71.6% 60.5%
Black, non-Hispanic 17.9% 17.6% 17.3%
Hispanic 2.8% 6.3% 13.8%
Asian/PI 0.9% 2% 5.1%
American Indian/AN 0.9% 1% 1.8%
Nonresident Alien 1.9% 1.4% 1.5%
* INSTITUTIONS THAT WERE ACCREDITED BY AN AGENCY OR ASSOCIATION THAT
WAS RECOGNIZED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, OR RECOGNIZED
DIRECTLY BY THE SEORETARY OF EDUCATION.
** FOUR-YEAR AND TWO-YEAR DEGREE-GRANTING INSTITUTIONS THAT WERE
PARTICIPATING IN TITLE IV FEDERAL FINANCIAL AID PROGRAMS.
NOTE: BECAUSE OF UNDERREPORTING AND NONREPORTING OF RACIAL/ETHNIC DATA,
SOME FIGURES ARE SLIGHTLY LOWER THAN CORRESPONDING DATA IN OTHER
TABLES. DETAIL MAY NOT SUM TO TOTALS DUE TO ROUNDING.
SOURCE: DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS, 2002
Total Fall Enrollment in Degree-Granting Institutions
Institutions of Degree-granting
higher education, institutions,
in thousands * in thousands **
4-Year 1980 1990 2000
Total 7,565.4 8,578.6 9,363.9
White, non-Hispanic 6,274.5 6,768.1 6,658
Black, non-Hispanic 634.3 722.8 995.4
Hispanic 216.6 358.2 617.9
Asian/PI 162.1 357.2 576.3
American Indian/AN 36.9 47.9 76.5
Nonresident Alien 240.9 324.3 439.7
Public 5,127.6 5,848.2 6,055.4
White, non-Hispanic 4,243.0 4,605.6 4,311.2
Black, non-Hispanic 438.2 495.1 627.8
Hispanic 156.4 262.5 420.0
Asian/PI 117.2 250.6 381.3
American Indian/AN 29.0 38.0 57.2
Nonresident Alien 143.8 196.4 257.8
Private 2,437.8 2,730.3 3,308.5
White, non-Hispanic 2,031.5 2,162.5 2,346.9
Black, non-Hispanic 196.1 227.7 367.6
Hispanic 60.2 95.7 197.9
Asian/PI 44.9 106.6 195.0
American Indian/AN 7.9 9.9 19.3
Nonresident Alien 97.1 127.9 181.9
Percentage Distribution of Students ***
Institutions of Degree-granting
higher education * institutions **
4-Year 1980 1990 2000
Total 100% 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 82.9% 78.9% 71.1%
Black, non-Hispanic 8.4% 8.4% 10.6%
Hispanic 2.9% 4.2% 6.6%
Asian/PI 2.1% 4.2% 6.2%
American Indian/AN 0.5% 0.6% 0.8%
Nonresident Alien 3.2% 3.8% 4.7%
Public 100% 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 82.7% 78.8% 71.2%
Black, non-Hispanic 8.5% 8.5% 10.4%
Hispanic 3.1% 4.5% 6.9%
Asian/PI 2.3% 4.3% 6.3%
American Indian/AN 0.6% 0.7% 0.9%
Nonresident Alien 2.8% 3.4% 4.3%
Private 100% 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 83.3% 79.2% 70.9%
Black, non-Hispanic 8% 8.3% 11.1%
Hispanic 2.5% 3.5% 6%
Asian/PI 1.8% 3.9% 5.9%
American Indian/AN 0.3% 0.4% 0.6%
Nonresident Alien 4% 4.7% 5.5%
* INSTITUTIONS THAT WERE ACCREDITED BY AN AGENCY OR ASSOCIATION THAT
WAS RECOGNIZED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, OR RECOGNIZED
DIRECTLY BY THE SECRETARY OF EDUCATION.
** FOUR-YEAR AND TWO-YEAR DEGREE-GRANTING INSTITUTIONS THAT WERE
PARTICIPATING IN TITLE IV FEDERAL FINANCIAL AID PROGRAMS.
NOTE: BECAUSE OF UNDERREPORTING AND NONREPORTING OF RACIAL/ETHNIC DATA,
SOME FIGURES ARE SLIGHTLY LOWER THAN CORRESPONDING DATA IN OTHER
TABLES. DETAIL MAY NOT SUM TO TOTALS DUE TO ROUNDING.
SOURCE: DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS, 2002
Total Fall Enrollment in Degree-Granting Institutions
Institutions of Degree-granting
higher education, institutions,
in thousands * in thousands **
1990 2000
Undergraduate
Total 11,959.1 13,155.4
White, non-Hispanic 9,272.6 8,983.5
Black, non-Hispanic 1,147.2 1,548.9
Hispanic 724.6 1,351
Asian/PI 500.5 845.5
American Indian/AN 95.5 138.5
Nonresident Alien 218.7 288.0
Graduate
Total 1,586.2 1,850.3
White, non-Hispanic 1,228.4 1,258.5
Black, non-Hispanic 83.9 157.9
Hispanic 47.2 95.4
Asian/PI 53.2 95.8
American Indian/AN 6.2 10.3
Nonresident Alien 167.3 232.3
First-Professional
Total 273.4 306.6
White, non-Hispanic 221.5 220.1
Black, non-Hispanic 15.9 23.5
Hispanic 10.7 15.4
Asian/PI 18.7 36.8
American Indian/AN 1.1 2.3
Nonresident Alien 5.4 8.4
Percentage Distribution of Students ***
Institutions of Degree-granting
higher education * institutions **
1990 2000
Undergraduate
Total 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 77.5% 68.3%
Black, non-Hispanic 9.6% 11.8%
Hispanic 6.1% 10.3%
Asian/PI 4.2% 6.4%
American Indian/AN 0.8% 1.1%
Nonresident Alien 1.8% 2.2%
Graduate
Total 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 77.4% 68%
Black, non-Hispanic 5.3% 8.5%
Hispanic 3% 5.2%
Asian/PI 3.4% 5.2%
American Indian/AN 0.4% 0.6%
Nonresident Alien 10.5% 12.6%
First-Professional
Total 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 81% 71.8%
Black, non-Hispanic 5.8% 7.7%
Hispanic 3.9% 5%
Asian/PI 6.8% 12%
American Indian/AN 0.4% 0.8%
Nonresident Alien 2% 2.7%
* INSTITUTIONS THAT WERE ACCREDITED BY AN AGENCY OR ASSOCIATION THAT
WAS RECOGNIZED BY THE U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, OR RECOGNIZED
DIRECTLY BY THE SECRETARY OF EDUCATION.
** FOUR-YEAR AND TWO-YEAR DEGREE GRANTING INSTITUTIONS THAT WERE
PARTICIPATING IN TITLE IV FEDERAL FINANCIAL AID PROGRAMS.
NOTE: BECAUSE OF UNDERREPORTING AND NONREPORTING OF RACIAL/ETHNIC
DATA, SOME FIGURES ARE SLIGHTLY LOWER THAN CORRESPONDING DATA IN OTHER
TABLES. DETAIL MAY NOT SUM TO TOTALS DUE TO ROUNDING
SOURCE: DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS, 2002
Percentage of U.S. Population
by Race/Ethnicity: 1990
White 75.6%
African American 11.7%
American Indian or 0.7%
Alaska Native
Native Hawaiian and Other
Pacific Islander 0.1%
Some other race 0.1%
Asian 2.7%
Hispanic or Latino 9%
Percentage of U.S. Population
by Race/Ethnicity: 2000
White 69.1%
African American 12.1%
American Indian or 0.7%
Alaska Native
Asian 3.6%
Native Hawaiian and Other
Pacific Islander 0.1%
Some other race 0.2%
Two or More 1.6%
Races
Hispanic or Latino 12.5%
SOURCE:
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Percent Change in Population Between 1990 and 2000 for Each Race
Some other Race 610.8%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 129.6%
Asian 74.3%
American Indian and Alaska Native 92%
African American 21.1%
White 5.3%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) *** 57.9%
*** THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 1990 AND 2000 FOR THE TOTAL POPULATION,
THE HISPANIC OR LATINO POPULATION AND THE NON-HISPANIC OR LATINO
POPULATION ARE NOT AFFECTED BY WHETHER DATA ON RACE ARE FOR RACE ALONE
OR FOR RACE ALONE OR IN COMBINATION. THE HISPANIC OR LATINO POPULATION
MAYBE OF ANY RACE.
SOURCE: U.S. CENSUS BUREAU--HTTP://WWW.CENSUS.GOV/POPULATION/CEN2000/
PHC-T1/TAB04.PDF
Total Fall Enrollment in Degree-Granting Institutions
Institutions of Degree-granting
higher education, institutions,
in thousands * in thousands **
1980 * 1990 * 2000
All Students
Total 12,086.8 13,818.6 15,312.3
White, non-Hispanic 9,833.0 10,722.5 10,462.1
Black, non-Hispanic 1,106.8 1,247.0 1,730.3
Hispanic 471.7 782.4 1,461.8
Asian/PI 286.4 572.4 978.2
American Indian/AN 83.9 102.8 151.2
Nonresident Alien 305.0 391.5 528.7
Men 5,868.1 6,283.9 6,721.8
White, non-Hispanic 4,772.9 4,861.0 4,634.6
Black, non-Hispanic 463.7 484.7 635.3
Hispanic 231.6 353.9 627.1
Asian/PI 151.3 294.9 465.9
American Indian/AN 37.8 43.1 61.4
Nonresident Alien 210.8 246.3 297.3
Women 6,218.7 7,534.7 8,590.5
White, non-Hispanic 5,060.1 5,861.5 5,827.5
Black, non-Hispanic 643.0 762.3 1,095.0
Hispanic 240.1 428.5 834.7
Asian/PI 135.2 277.5 512.3
American Indian/AN 46.1 59.7 89.7
Nonresident Alien 94.2 145.2 231.4
Percentage Distribution of Students ***
Institutions of Degree-granting
higher education * institutions * *
1980 * 1990 * 2000
All Students
Total 100% 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 81.4% 77.6% 68.3%
Black, non-Hispanic 9.2% 9% 11.3%
Hispanic 3.9% 5.7% 9.5%
Asian/PI 2.4% 4.1% 6.4%
American Indian/AN 0.7% 0.7% 1%
Nonresident Alien 2.5% 2.8% 3.5%
Men 100% 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 81.3% 77.4% 68.9%
Black, non-Hispanic 7.9% 7.7% 9.5%
Hispanic 3.9% 5.6% 9.3%
Asian/PI 2.6% 4.7% 6.9%
American Indian/AN 0.6% 0.7% 0.9%
Nonresident Alien 3.6% 3.9% 4.4%
Women 100% 100% 100%
White, non-Hispanic 81.4% 77.8% 67.8%
Black, non-Hispanic 10.3% 10.1% 12.7%
Hispanic 3.9% 5.7% 9.7%
Asian/PI 2.2% 3.7% 6%
American Indian/AN 0.7% 0.8% 1%
Nonresident Alien 1.5% 1.9% 2.7%
* INSTITUTIONS THAT WERE ACCREDITED BY AN AGENCY OR ASSOCIATION THAT
WAS RECOGNIZED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, OR RECOGNIZED
DIRECTLY BY THE SECRETARY OF EDUCATION. ** FOUR-YEAR AND TWO-YEAR
DEGREE-GRANTING INSTITUTIONS THAT WERE PARTICIPATING IN TITLE IV
FEDERAL FINANCIAL AID PROGRAMS.
NOTE: BECAUSE OF UNDERREPORTING AND IN ONREPORTING OF RACIAL/ETHNIC
DATA, SOME FIGURES ARE SLIGHTLY LOWER THAN CORRESPONDING DATA IN
OTHER TABLES. DETAIL MAY NOT SUM TO TOTALS DUE TO ROUNDING.
SOURCE: DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS, 2002
COPYRIGHT 2003 Cox, Matthews & Associates
COPYRIGHT 2003 Gale Group
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