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Industry: Email Alert RSS FeedCurcuma longa - Turmeric - Monograph
Alternative Medicine Review, Sept, 2001
Safety and Dosage
No significant toxicity has been reported following either acute or chronic administration of turmeric extracts at standard doses. At very high doses (100 mg/kg body weight), curcumin may be ulcerogenic in animals, as evidenced by one rat study. (34) Because of its numerous protective benefits, regular addition of turmeric to animal feed may be beneficial. For a specific therapeutic effect, the typical canine dosage of curcumin is 50-250 mg three times daily, depending on the size of the animal. (36) If using whole turmeric, the average canine dosage is one-half teaspoon twice daily. Feline dosages are in the range of 50-100 mg daily of curcumin and approximately one-quarter teaspoon daily if using whole turmeric. Equine dosages of curcumin are much higher due to the size of the animal, and range between 1,200 and 2,400 mg daily. Curcumin and turmeric research in these animals is limited and the dosages stated above are estimates only.
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References
(1.) Dobelis IN, Ed. Magic and Medicine of Plants. Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. 1986.
(2.) Leung A. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics. New York, NY: John Wiley; 1980:313-314.
(3.) Wahlstrom B, Blennow G. A study on the fate of curcumin in the rat. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1978;43:86-92.
(4.) Ravindranath V, Chandrasekhara N. Absorption and tissue distribution of curcumin in rats. Toxicol 1980;16:259-265.
(5.) Toda S, Miyase T, Arich H, et al. Natural antioxidants. Antioxidative compounds isolated from rhizome of Curcuma longa L. Chem Pharmacol Bull 1985;33:1725-1728.
(6.) Dikshit M, Rastogi L, Shukla R, Srimal RC. Prevention of ischaemia-induced biochemical changes by curcumin and quinidine in the cat heart. Indian J Med Res 1995;101:31-35.
(7.) Mortellini R, Foresti R, Bassi R, Green CJ. Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, induces heme oxygenase-1 and protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;28:1303-1312.
(8.) Brouet I, Ohshima H. Curcumin, an anti-tumour promoter and anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthetase in activated macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;206:533-540.
(9.) Deshpande UR, Gadre SG, Raste AS, et al. Protective effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1998;36:573-577.
(10.) Park E J, Jeon CH, Ko G, et al. Protective effect of curcumin in rat liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000;52:437-440.
(11.) Kiso Y, Suzuki Y, Watanabe N, et al. Antihepatotoxic principles of Curcuma longa rhizomes. Planta Med 1983;49:185-187.
(12.) Donatus IA, Sardjoko, Vermeulen NP. Cytotoxic and cytoprotective activities of curcumin. Effects on paracetamol-induced cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion in rat hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 1990;39:1869-1875.
(13.) Soni KB, Rajan A, Kuttan R. Reversal of aflatoxin induced liver damage by turmeric and curcumin. Cancer Lett 1992;66:115-121.
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