Instructional bias—awareness and reduction in perioperative education

AORN Journal,  April, 2002  by Michelle M. Byrne

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(9.) Campinha-Bacote, "A model and instrument for addressing cultural competence in health care," 204.

(10.) P McIntosh, White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences Through Work in Women's Studies (Wellesley, Mass: Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women, 1988).

(11.) Sadker, Sadker, Sex Equity Handbook for Schools.

(12.) M Sadker, D M Sadker, Failing at Fairness: How America Schools Cheat Girls (New York: C Scribner's Sons, 1994).

(13.) Sadker, Sadker, Sex Equity Handbook for Schools; Sadker, Sadker, Teachers, Schools, and Society, third ed.

(14.) S Reverby, Ordered to Care: The Dilemma of American Nursing, 1850-1945 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987).

(15.) M Byrne, "Uncovering Racial Bias in Fundamental Nursing Textbooks: A Critical Hermeneutic Analysis of the Portrayal of African Americans" (PhD dissertation, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 2000); Sadker, Sadker, Teachers, Schools, and Society, third ed; Sadker, Sadker, Failing at Fairness: How America's Schools Cheat Girls.

(16.) S Cole, L Stutte, "Diversity in nursing: A challenge for the profession," Journal of Cultural Diversity 5 (Summer 1998) 53-57.

(17.) "United States Census 2000," US Census Bureau, http://www .census.gov/dmd/www/2khome.htm (accessed 23 Jan 2002).

(18.) Council on Interracial Books for Children, Racism and Sexism Resource Center for Educators, Stereotypes, Distortions and Omissions in US History Textbooks; Council on Interracial Books for Children, Guidelines for Selecting Bias-Free Textbooks and Storybooks; Hooks, Killing Rage: Ending Racism, first ed; J Nederveen Pieterse, White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture (New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1992); P Reid, Trotman, "Racism and sexism: Comparisons and conflicts," in Challenging Racism and Sexism: Alternatives to Genetic Explanations, ed E Tobach, B Rosoff (New York: Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1994) 93-121; T Tripp-Reimer, S Fox, "Beyond the concept of culture," in Current Issues in Nursing, third ed, J D McCloskey, H K Grace, eds (St Louis: Mosby, 1990).

(19.) B Greene, "African-American women: Derivatives of racism and sexism in psychotherapy," in Challenging Racism and Sexism: Alternatives to Genetic Explanations, ed E Tobach, B Rosoff (New York: Feminist Press at the City University of New York) 122-139.

(20.) Sadker, Sadker, Sex Equity Handbook for Schools.

(21.) Ibid; Council on Interracial Books for Children, Racism and Sexism Resource Center for Educators, Stereotypes, Distortions and Omissions in US History Textbooks; Council on Interracial Books for Children, Guidelines for Selecting Bias-Free Textbooks and Storybooks; Sadker, Sadker, Teachers, Schools, and Society, third ed; E C White, The Black Women Health Book: Speaking for Ourselves (Seattle: Seal Press, 1990).

(22.) J Banks-Wallace, "The Function of Storytelling Among Women of African Descent: A Secondary Analysis of a Focus Group Study" (PhD dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, 1994); E M Jackson, "Whiting-out difference: Why US nursing research fails black families," Medical Anthropology Quarterly 7 (December 1993) 363-385; G Kaplan, L Rogers, "Race and gender fallacies: The paucity of biological determinist explanations of difference," in Challenging Racism and Sexism: Alternatives to Genetic Explanations, ed E Tobach, B Rosoff (New York: Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1994) 66-92; White, The Black Women Health Book: Speaking for Ourselves.