Dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations in Pneumocystis and sulfa resistance

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Oct, 2004 by Laurence Huang, Kristina Crothers, Chiara Atzori, Thomas Benfield, Robert Miller, Meja Rabodonirina, Jannik Helweg-Larsen

(16.) Nzila AM, Mberu EK, Sulo J, Dayo H, Winstanley PA, Sibley CH, et al. Towards an understanding of the mechanism of pyrimethaminesulfadoxine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: genotyping of dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase of Kenyan parasites. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;44:991-6.

(17.) Volpe F, Dyer M, Scaife JG, Darby G, Stammers DK, Delves CJ. The multifunctional folic acid synthesis fas gene of Pneumocystis carinii appears to encode dihydropteroate synthase and hydroxymethyldihydropterin pyrophosphokinase. Gene. 1992;112:213-8.

(18.) Lane BR, Ast JC, Hossler PA, Mindell DP, Bartlett MS, Smith JW, et al. Dihydropteroate synthase polymorphisms in Pneumocystis carinii. J Infect Dis. 1997;175:482-5.

(19.) Kazanjian P, Locke AB, Hossler PA, Lane BR, Bartlett MS, Smith JW, et al. Pneumocystis carinii mutations associated with sulfa and sulfone prophylaxis failures in AIDS patients. AIDS. 1998;12:873-8.

(20.) Helweg-Larsen J, Benfield TL, Eugen-Olsen J, Lundgren JD, Lundgren B. Effects of mutations in Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene on outcome of AIDS-associated P. carinii pneumonia. Lancet. 1999;354:1347-51.

(21.) Ma L, Borio L, Masur H, Kovacs JA. Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase but not dihydrofolate reductase gene mutations correlate with prior trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or dapsone use. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:1969-78.

(22.) Kazanjian P, Armstrong W, Hossler PA, Burman W, Richardson J, Lee CH, et al. Pneumocystis carinii mutations are associated with duration of sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis exposure in AIDS patients. J Infect Dis. 2000;182:551-7.

(23.) Huang L, Beard CB, Creasman J, Levy D, Duchin JS, Lee S, et al. Sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis and geographic region predict mutations in the Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene. J Infect Dis. 2000;182:1192-8.

(24.) Visconti E, Ortona E, Mencarini P, Margutti P, Marinaci S, Zolfo M, et al. Mutations in dihydropteroate synthase gene of Pneumocystis carinii in HIV patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2001;18:547-51.

(25.) Ma L, Kovacs JA, Cargnel A, Valerio A, Fantoni G, Atzori C. Mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene of human-derived Pneumocystis carinii isolates from Italy are infrequent but correlate with prior sulfa prophylaxis. J Infect Dis. 2002;185:1530-2.

(26.) Ma L, Kovacs JA. Genetic analysis of multiple loci suggests that mutations in the Pneumocysis carinii f. sp. hominis dihydropteroate synthase gene arose independently in multiple strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45:3213-5.

(27.) Demanche C, Guillot J, Berthelemy M, Petitt T, Roux P, Wakefield AE. Absence of mutations associated with sulfa resistance in Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene from non-human primates. Med Mycol. 2002;40:315-8.

(28.) Kai M, Matsuoka M, Nakata N, Maeda S, Gidoh M, Maeda Y, et al. Diaminodiphenylsulfone resistance of Mycobacterium leprae due to mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999;177:231-5.