Dengue emergence and adaptation to peridomestic mosquitoes

Emerging Infectious Diseases,  Oct, 2004  by Abelardo C. Moncayo,  Zoraida Fernandez,  Diana Ortiz,  Mawlouth Diallo,  Amadou Sall,  Sammie Hartman,  C. Todd Davis,  Lark Coffey,  Christian C. Mathiot,  Robert B. Tesh,  Scott C. Weaver

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Table 1. DENV-2 strains used in this study (a)

Virus strain         Virus type               Host

1349                   Endemic               Human

New Guinea C           Endemic               Human

PM33974               Sylvatic          Aedes africanus

DAK AR 2022           Sylvatic           Ae. africanus

P8-1407               Sylvatic          Sentinel monkey

                                        Blood meal titer
                                         ([log.sub.10]
Virus strain     Passage history (b)    TCI[D.sub.50/mL)

1349             Mosquito 2, C6/36 2          6.5

New Guinea C    Monkey 1, mosquito 4,          8
                       C6/36 1

PM33974            Toxorhynchites              8
                   amboinensis 1,
                       C6/36 2

DAK AR 2022         SM6, C6/36-2               10

P8-1407              SM3 C6/36-2              9.5

Virus strain          Location                Year

1349                Burkina Faso              1982
                    (Upper Volta)

New Guinea C         New Guinea               1944

PM33974                Guinea                 1981

DAK AR 2022         Burkina Faso              1980
                    (Upper Volta)

P8-1407               Malaysia                1970

(a) DENV, dengue virus; TCI[D.sub.50], 50% tissue culture infective
dose; SM, suckling mouse.

(b) C6/36, Ae. albopictus cell culture.

Table 2. DENV-2 infection and dissemination rates in Aedes
aegypti, Galveston (a,b)

                          % infected     % dissemination (c)
Dengue strain               (totals)          (totals)

1349 (endemic)            86.5 (32/37)      90.6 (29/32)
New Guinea C (endemic)     100 (38/38)      78.9 (30/38)
33974 (sylvatic)          54.2 (26/48)      61.5 (16/26)
2022 (sylvatic)           69.4 (25/36)       64 (16/25)
1407 (sylvatic)           11.4 (4/35)         0 (0/4)
Collapsed (d)
  Endemic                 93.3 (70/75)      84.3 (59/70)
  Sylvatic                63.0 (51/81)      62.7 (32/51)

(a) DENV, dengue virus.

(b) Blood meal titers are found in Table 1.

(c) Number of infected mosquitoes with virus in the legs.

(d) Strain 1407 data were not included in the collapsed analysis
because they were significantly different from data for other
sylvatic strains.

Table 3. DENV-2 infection and dissemination rates in Aedes
aegypti, Bolivia (a,b)

                             % infected    % dissemination (c)
Dengue strain                 (totals)          (totals)

1349 (endemic)              48.1 (13/27)      76.9 (10/13)
New Guinea C (endemic)      40.9 (27/66)      77.8 (21/27)
33974 (sylvatic)            16.7 (4/24)        100 (4/4)
2022 (sylvatic)             27.3 (6/22)       83.3 (5/6)
Collapsed
  Endemic                    43 (40/93)       77.5 (31/40)
  Sylvatic                  21.7 (10/46)        90 (9/10)

(a) DENV, dengue virus.

(b) Blood meal titers are found in Table 1.

(c) Number of infected mosquitoes with virus in the legs.

Table 4. DENY-2 infection and dissemination rates and Aedes
aegypti, Thailand (a,b)

                            % infected    % dissemination (c)
Dengue strain                (totals)          (totals)

1349 (endemic)             94.3 (33/35)      84.8 (28/33)
New Guinea C (endemic)       33 (11/33)      90.9 (10/11)
33974 (sylvatic)             13 (6/46)         50 (3/6)
2022 (sylvatic)             8.1 (3/37)          0 (0/3)
1407 (sylvatic)               0 (0/27)          0 (0/0)
Collapsed (d)
  Sylvatic                  8.2 (9/110)      33.3 (3/9)

(a) DENV, dengue virus.

(b) Blood meal titers are found in Table 1.

(c) Number of infected mosquitoes with virus in the legs.

(d) Data for the two endemic strains were not collapsed because they
were significantly different.

Table 5. DENV-2 infection and dissemination rates in Aedes
albopictus, Galveston (a,b)

                             % infected    % dissemination (c)
Dengue strain                 (totals)          (totals)

1349 (endemic)              100 (12/12)       91.6 (11/12)
New Guinea C (endemic)      92.3 (12/13)        75 (9/12)
33974 (sylvatic)             11.1 (1/9)         100 (1/1)
Collapsed
  Endemic                    96 (24/25)       83.3 (20/24)
  Sylvatic                   11.1 (1/9)         100 (1/1)

(a) DENV, dengue virus.

(b) Blood meal titers are found in Table 1.

(c) Number of infected mosquitoes with virus in the legs.

Table 6. DENV-2 infection and dissemination
rates in Aedes albopictus (Brazil) (a,b)

Geographic                                                   %
population,                               % infected   dissemination
generation           Dengue strain         (totals)    (c) (totals)

Pindamonhangaba
F1
                 New Guinea C (endemic)  76.9 (10/13)    90 (9/10)
                    33974 (sylvatic)     10.7 (3/28)     100 (3/3)

Pedrinhas F1
                 New Guinea C (endemic)  100 (10/10)    100 (10/10)
                    33974 (sylvatic)      10 (2/20)      50 (1/2)

Pedrinhas F2
                     1349 (endemic)      100 (17/17)    88 (15/17)
                 New Guinea C (endemic)  95.7 (22/23)   100 (22/22)
                    33974 (sylvatic)     46.2 (6/13)     100 (6/6)
                    2022 (sylvatic)        0 (0/15)       0 (0/0)
                    1407 (sylvatic)      33.3 (5/15)      0 (0/5)

Collapsed
(Pedrinhas
F2) (d)
                        Endemic          49.3 (39/79)  94.9 (37/39)
                        Sylvatic         21.4 (6/28)     100 (6/6)

(a) DENV, dengue virus; F2, second generation.

(b) Blood meal titers are found in Table 1.

(c) Number of infected mosquitoes with virus in the legs.

(d) Strain 2022 data were not included in the collapsed
analysis because they were significantly different than
data for the other sylvatic strains.