Factors influencing fluoroquinolone resistance - Letters - Letter to the Editor

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Dec, 2003 by Daniel F. Sahm, Clyde Thornsberry, Mark E. Jones, James A. Karlowsky

In conclusion, we believe that the data we have briefly presented here supplements the previous discussion by Scheld (1) and will help facilitate an improved understanding of the factors influencing the maintenance of fluoroquinolone efficacy.

Focus Technologies is the central testing laboratory for the TRUST antimicrobial susceptibility testing surveillance program, sponsored by Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical.

Daniel F. Sahm,* Clyde Thornsberry,* Mark E. Jones,* and James A. Karlowsky*

* Focus Technologies, Herndon, Virginia, USA

References

(1.) Scheld WM. Maintaining fluoroquinolone class efficacy: review of influencing factors. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:1-9.

(2.) Karlowsky JA, Kelly LJ, Thornsberry C, Jones ME, Evangelista AT, Critchley IA, et al. Susceptibility to fluoroquinolones among commonly isolated Gram-negative bacilli in 2000: TRUST and TSN data for the United States. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002;19:21-31.

(3.) Blosser-Middleton RS, Sahm D, Evangelista AT, Thornsberry C, Jones ME, Critchley IA, Karlowsky JA. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of common pathogens causing nosocomial pneumonia: 2001-2002 TRUST surveillance. Annual Meeting Infectious Disease Society of America, 2002, abstract 71.

(4.) Milatovic D, Schmitz F-J, Brisse S, Verhoef, Fluit AC. In vitro activities of sitafloxacin (DU-6859a) and six other fluoroquinolones against 8,796 clinical bacterial isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:1102-7.

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(6.) MacGowan AP, Wootton M, Holt HA. The antibacterial efficacy of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa assessed by combining antibiotic exposure and bacterial susceptibility. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999;43:345-9.

(7.) Sahm DF, Thornsberry C, Jones ME, Blosser R, Critchley IA, Evangelista AT, Karlowsky JA. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from inpatient infections in the U.S.: 1999-2002 TRUST surveillance. Critical Care Congress, 2003, Abstract 22015.

(8.) Gillespie T, Masterton RG. Investigation into the selection frequency of resistant mutants and the bacterial kill rate by levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002;19:377-82.

(9.) Zhanel GG, Wakers M, Laing N, Hoban DJ. In vitro pharmacodynamic modeling simulating free serum concentrations of fluoroquinolones against multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;47:435-40.

(10.) Thornsberry C, Ogilvie PT, Holley HP Jr, Sahm DF. Survey of susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis isolates to 26 antimicrobial agents: a prospective U.S. study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:2612-23.

(11.) Biedenbach DJ, Barrett MS, Croco MA, Jones RN. Bay 12-8039, a novel fluoroquinolone, activity against important respiratory tract pathogens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998;31:45-50.

(12.) Jones RN, Pfaller MA. In vitro activity of newer fluoroquinolones for respiratory tract infections and emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance data from the Sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31(Suppl 2):S16-23.