HITRON: one of a kind

0 Comments | Naval Aviation News, May-June, 2004 | by Ted Carlson

Smuggling drugs into the United States has been a problem for many years. It has evolved into a high-stakes game of cat and mouse, with each side trying to counter the other. Today, drug traffickers use high-speed boats that can easily outrun Coast Guard cutters at top speeds in excess of 75 miles per hour. Cocaine, marijuana and heroin can be found on these speed demons of the sea, dubbed "go-fasts."

The Coast Guard's Helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron (HITRON) Jacksonville, Fla., specializes in the counternarcotics role. Based at Cecil Commerce Center, the squadron operates the newest Coast Guard helicopter, the Agusta MH-68A Stingray. HITRON is the Coast Guard's only operational airborne use of force (AUF) squadron.

Originally known as HITRON-10--the number representing the original 10 crew members (six pilots and four gunners)--the unit formally stood up in May 2003. Since HITRON began operations in 2001, it has been responsible for seizing 51 tons of cocaine, 8.1 tons of marijuana and 37 pounds of heroin. With a street value of more than $3 billion dollars, the recovery put a sizable dent in the drug-smuggling business.

HITRON has a total of eight MH-68As in its inventory. The crews also call the Stingray "Little Buddy" because of its small size. The Stingray has a state-of-the-art cockpit with contemporary navigation aids, including a digital moving map. It has a police-like blue strobe light and a loudspeaker/siren mounted on the lower aft fuselage, which are used when stopping vessels.

The aircraft is equipped with a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) electro-optical sensor on a ball that is mounted just beneath the radome. The aviation gunner (AG) in the back normally operates the FLIR using a hand controller, but it can be operated by the pilots as well. The system has a recording capability and uses a digital videotape.

Rated as an all-weather aircraft, the MH-68A carries an array of avionics that give the Stingray crew enhanced situational awareness. In addition, the helicopter is built with high-strength, lightweight KEVLAR[R] brand fiber which is also used in bullet-proof vests for the crew. It is powered by two Pratt and Whitney PW206C engines, and cruises at 140 knots for about two hours leaving 20 minutes of fuel reserve.

HITRON took custody of the first MH-68A in December 2000. The helicopter is equipped with a 7.62mm machine gun used for warning shots and suppression fire, and a .50 caliber sniper rifle employed to disable go-fast boat engines. The Stingray crew may also carry 9mm sidearms and M-16s. Smoke floats, chemical lights and infrared strobe lights are used to mark positions, including contraband thrown overboard.

The MH-68A is the first Agusta aircraft to be used by the U.S. military. Agusta is responsible for maintaining the Stingrays, and several of its maintainers deploy along with the aircraft and crews to cutters or other locations. Instead of being owned, the Stingrays are being leased on an annual basis until 2008, because they are filling an interim role until a long-term plan is solidified.

The primary mission of HITRON and the Stingray is counternarcotics, with a secondary role of maritime homeland security, which includes terror alerts, surveillance and identifying vessels. The unit routinely deploys on board high-endurance cutters for 45 to 80 days at a time, on both the East and West coasts. It is not uncommon for three or more MH-68As to be deployed simultaneously at different locations.

On counternarcotics deployments, the three-person crew consists of a mission commander, aircraft commander or copilot, and aviation gunner. An additional AG is used for homeland security sorties. While the helicopter is rated for flight with just a single pilot, two are usually on board. Cocaine and marijuana are the most common drugs intercepted, while heroin is found on occasion. Missions are commonly flown at night, and crews may black out their strobe lights in certain situations.

The counternarcotics mission is called Operation New Frontier and is based on a hunter/pouncer strategy. A maritime patrol aircraft (hunter) sights the go-fast and vectors in the cutter, while the MH-68A (pouncer) is dispatched to stop the vessel. The cutter crew then conducts a right-of-visit boarding.

When a crew intercepts a suspicious go-fast, they first try to identify the nationality of the vessel. Once a decision is made to stop the boat, the blue strobe light is turned on and the go-fast is told to halt using a marine radio and/or loudspeakers. If the vessel ignores the request, a series of warning shots are laid down in front of the vessel's bow. Should it continue, the .50 caliber rifle is used to disable the engine and bring the boat to a stop. The cutter crew members arrive to conduct the boarding, and if any laws are violated they detain the go-fast crew and seize the vessel.

HITRON air operations officer Commander Ed Cubanski III has more than 2,500 total flight hours in the T-34C Turbo-Mentor, TH-57 Sea Ranger, HH-65A Dolphin and the MH-68A. He said, "The MH-68A is the only helicopter in the Coast Guard inventory that has a single-engine fly-off capability at maximum gross weight. It is very maneuverable and has a multimission capability. As part of Operation New Frontier, HITRON interdicted 41 percent of the cocaine netted by the Coast Guard last year.