Treasure of the Past VI: Standard Potential of the Silver-Silver-Chloride Electrode from 0[degrees] to 95[degrees] C and the Thermodynamic Properties of Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Solutions - Statistical Data Included
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, March-April, 2001 by Roger G. Bates, Vincent E. Bower
TABLE 1. The Standard potential of the cell: [H.sub.2]; HCl (m),
AGCl; Ag from 0[degrees] to 95[degrees] C
Summary of least-square calculations, and values of
[E.sup.*] from 0[degrees] to 90[degrees]C calculated from eq. (4).
t Number of cells [a.sup.*] [beta] E[degrees]
[degrees]C abs v
0 31 4.3 1.74X[10.sup.2] 0.23665
5 31 4.3 1.80 .23413
10 32 4.3 1.79 .23142
15 32 4.3 1.79 .22857
20 32 4.3 1.82 .22557
25 81 4.3 1.75 .22234
30 44 4.3 1.75 .21904
35 37 5.0 1.15 .21566
40 37 5.0 1.23 .21208
45 24 5.0 1.14 .20835
50 32 5.0 1.00 .20449
55 24 5.0 1.12 .20056
60 80 6.0 0.16 .19649
70 43 6.0 -0.14 .18782
80 49 6.0 -.37 .17873
90 44 6.0 -.37 .16952
95 37 6.0 -.32 .16511
t [degrees]t E[degrees] (eq 4) [delta]
[degrees]C mv abs v mv
0 0.02 0.23659 0.04
5 .02 .23406 -.05
10 .01 .23140 -.02
15 .01 .22856 -.01
20 .02 .22557 .00
25 .01 .22240 .06
30 .02 .21910 .06
35 .02 .21566 .01
40 .03 .21207 -.01
45 .03 .20934 -.01
50 .03 .20449 .00
55 .04 .20051 -.05
60 .03 .19641 -.08
70 .04 .18785 .03
80 .07 .17885 .12
90 .06 .16946 -.06
95 .09 -- --
TABLE 2. Smoothed values of the electromotives force of
cell A in absolte volts from 0[degrees]to 90[degrees] C
m [E.sub.0] [E.sub.10] [E.sub.20] [E.sub.23] [E.sub.30]
0.001 0.56330 0.57019 0.57631 0.57909 0.58178
.002 .53131 .53701 .54198 .54418 .54628
.005 .48931 .49351 .49695 .49840 .49977
.01 .45787 .46091 .46323 .46412 .46493
.02 .42669 .42853 .42985 .43019 .43044
.05 .38588 .38630 .38613 .38579 .38533
.07 .37094 .37089 .37016 .36957 .36885
.1 .35505 .35444 .35316 .35233 .35134
m [E.sub.40] [E.sub.50] [E.sub.60] [E.sub.70] [E.sub.80]
0.001 0.58683 0.59125 0.59525 0.59860 0.6015
.002 .55018 .55344 .55628 .55848 .5602
.005 .50211 .50388 .50517 .50589 .5062
.01 .46613 .46678 .46694 .46655 .4657
.02 .43049 .43006 .42909 .42764 .4258
.03 .38391 .38211 .37969 .37691 .3737
.07 .36691 .36461 .36174 .35848 .3548
.1 .34838 .34608 .34275 .33904 .3349
m [E.sub.90]
0.001 0.6043
.002 .5619
.005 .5063
.01 .4648
.02 .4238
.03 .3703
.07 .3509
.1 .3304
TABLE 3. Activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid from
0[degrees] to 90[degrees] C
m 0[degrees] 10[degrees] 20[degrees] 25 [degrees] 30[degrees]
0.001 0.9670 0.9660 0.9654 0.9650 0.9648
.002 .9540 .9533 .9524 .9520 .0518
.005 .9313 .9299 .9289 .9283 .9274
.01 .9081 .9069 .9054 .9045 .9034
.02 .8805 .8786 .8766 .8753 .8741
.05 .8381 .8357 .8331 .8308 .8291
.07 .8223 .8196 .8163 .8137 .8119
.1 .8067 .8038 .8000 .7967 .7946
m 40[degrees] 50[degrees] 60[degrees] 70[degrees] 80[degrees]
0.001 0.9642 0.9635 0.9631 0.962 0.962
.002 .9507 .9499 .9493 .948 .947
.005 .9268 .9252 .9249 .923 .921
.01 .9026 .9006 .9000 .898 .895
.02 .8735 .8707 .8700 .867 .863
.05 .8283 .8239 .8227 .817 .813
.07 .8107 .8058 .8033 .797 .792
.1 .7927 .7867 .7828 .775 .769
m 90[degrees]
0.001 0.961
.002 .946
.005 .920
.01 .893
.02 .860
.05 .810
.07 .788
.1 .765
TABLE 4. Constants of the equation: -log [[gamma].sub.[ or -]] =
A Bt [Ct.sup.2] for the temperature range t = 0[degrees] to
t = 90[degrees] C
[delta] = mean difference between calculated and observed values,
in percent of -log [[gamma].sub.[ or -]] at 25[degrees] C.
m A B C [delta]
Percent
0.001 0.01470 0.273X[10.sup.4] 0.27X[10.sup.f] 0.39
.003 .02051 .288 1.30 .23
.005 .03106 .443 1.49 .34
.01 .04201 .510 3.13 .34
.02 .05588 .587 4.83 .49
.05 .07694 1.058 0.73 .42
.07 .08515 1.299 8.37 .38
.01 .09334 1.620 11.21 .44
TABLE 5. Relative partial molal heal content, [L.sub.2], of
hydrochloric acid from 0[degrees] to 90[degrees]C
In abs j [mole.sup.-1].
m 0[degrees] 10[degrees] 20[degrees] 25[degrees] 30[degrees]
0.001 78 85 93 98 102
.002 82 96 112 120 129
.005 127 145 166 176 187
.01 146 176 209 227 246
.02 188 230 277 303 329
.05 302 368 437 475 514
.07 371 450 538 585 634
.1 463 566 681 742 807
m 40[degrees] 50[degrees] 60[degrees] 70[degrees] 80[degrees]
0.001 111 120 130 140 151
.002 147 167 189 215 237
.005 211 237 264 294 325
.01 285 329 377 427 483
.02 386 448 516 588 668
.05 599 692 793 902 1,020
.07 739 854 979 1,114 1,260
.1 945 1,096 1,260 1,464 1,630
m 90[degrees]
0.001 163
.002 264
.005 359
.01 542
.02 752
.05 1,146
.07 1,417
.1 1,837
TABLE 6. Relative partial molal heat capacity, [J.sub.2] of
hydrochloric acid from 0[degrees] to 90[degrees] C
In abs j [deg.sup.-1] [mole.sup.-1].
m 0[degrees] 25[degrees] 60[degrees] 90[degrees]
0.001 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2
.002 1.3 1.7 2.2 2.8
.005 1.8 2.2 2.9 3.5
.01 2.9 3.7 4.9 6.1
.02 4.0 5.2 7.0 8.8
.05 6.1 7.8 10.5 13.1
.07 7.5 9.6 13.0 16.3
.1 9.8 12.6 17.1 21.4
TABLE 7. Standard potential, E[degrees], of cell A from 0[degrees] to
60[degrees] C, in absolute volts
Electromotive-force
data of
Harned and Ehlers [9]
t Harned Harned and Swinehart
and Wright [10] [14] (recal-
Owen [1] (recalculated) culated)
[degrees]C
0 0.23642 0.23635 0.23647
5 .23400 .23392 .23406
10 .23134 .23124 .23145
15 .22855 .22841 .22865
20 .22558 .22544 .22568
25 .22246 .22230 .22254
30 .21919 .21901 .21924
35 .21570 .21551 .21578
40 .21207 .21189 .21216
45 .20828 -- .20841
50 .20444 -- .20452
55 .20042 -- .20050
60 .19626 -- .19635
t Harned
and This
Paxton [17] investigation
[degrees]C
0 0.23652 0.23655
5 .23405 .23413
10 .23137 .23142
15 .22849 .22857
20 .22549 .22557
25 .22239 .22234
30 .21908 .21904
35 .21570 .21565
40 .21207 .21208
45 .20833 .20835
50 .20449 .20449
55 -- .20056
60 -- .19649
TABLE 8. Smoothed electromotive force of cell A at 20[degrees] and
25[degrees]C, in absoluted volts
m Gilntelberg [6] Roberts [7] Carmody [8]
Measurements at 20[degrees]
0.01 0.46318 -- --
.02 .42982 -- --
.05 .38615 -- --
.1 .35327 -- --
Measurements at 25[degrees]
0.001 -- 0.57921 0.57909
.002 -- .54429 .54418
.005 -- .49852 .49842
.01 -- .46423 .46412
.02 -- .43030 .43018
.05 -- .38590 .38581
.1 -- .35243 .35236
Harned Anderson
and and This
m Ehlers [9] Young [15] investigation
Measurements at 20[degrees]
0.01 0.46334 -- 0.46233
.02 .42902 -- .42985
.05 .38627 -- .38613
.1 .35333 -- .35316
Measurements at 25[degrees]
0.001 0.57931 0.57916 0.57909
.002 .34441 .54422 .54418
.005 .49859 -- .49840
.01 .46433 [a] -- .46412
.02 .43037 -- .43019
.05 .38600 -- .38579
.1 .35252 -- .35233
(*)Harned and Paxton [17], 0.46437
TABLE 9. Activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid at 25[degrees] C
Harned
m and Shedlov- Hillls and This inves-
Ehlers [9] sky [33] Ives [13] tigation
0.001 0.9646 0.9653 0.9650 0.9650
.002 .9516 .9625 .9319 .9520
.005 .9285 .9287 .9280 .9283
.01 .9044 .9049 .9040 .9045
.02 .8755 .8757 .8747 .8753
.05 .8303 .8301 .8296 .8308
.07 -- -- .8129 .8137
.1 .7969 .7938 .7958 .7967
COPYRIGHT 2001 National Institute of Standards and Technology
COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale Group
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