Keeping up with nutritional research. . - Book Corners - Dr. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease: The Only System Scientifically Proven to Reverse Heart Disease Without Drugs - book review

Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients, July, 2003 by Stephen Byrnes

www.PowerHealth.net

Dr. Dean Ornish's Program for Reversing Heart Disease:

The Only System Scientifically Proven to Reverse Heart Disease Without Drugs

Ivy Books, 2002 (reprint). ISBN: 0804110387.

Dr. Ornish's book claims to be based on "the only scientifically-proven plan for reversing heart disease." While several of his suggestions are sound and probably account for the improvements in some of his patients, the dietary advice in the book is abysmal and should not be followed. The first section of the book concerns itself with several case histories and is quite interesting - everyone loves a story.

The second section deals with the lifestyle changes Ornish believes will prevent and reverse heart disease. Chapters 7, 8, and 9 concern themselves with getting in touch with your emotions, your interpersonal relationships, and your relationship to a Higher Power. Chapters 11 and 12 deal with quitting smoking and exercising more. All of these things are certainly helpful in regaining and maintaining one's health.

It is in chapter 10 where the advice goes bad. This chapter concerns itself with diet. There are so many errors in it that it is difficult to know where to begin but a brief synopsis will be attempted. Dr. Ornish says that there are two diets presented in the chapter: the Reversal Diet and the Prevention Diet. The Reversal Diet is for treating and reversing heart disease, while the Prevention Diet is for, well, prevention of heart disease. Ornish says that, "Both diets will substantially reduce your risk of developing other degenerative diseases, including obesity, high blood pressure, stroke, osteoporosis, diabetes, gallstones, and cancers of the colon, breast, and prostate." (P. 254) Ornish also claims that the diets will help you "to enjoy life more."

Of course, the diet he recommends is an ultra-low-fat regime that is almost 100% vegan. On page 256, he says that the Reversal Diet is "very low in fat and cholesterol," containing less than 10% calories from fat. The diet also excludes foods high in saturated fats such as "avocados, nuts, and seeds." Egg whites and nonfat dairy products are allowed. The bulk of the diet is made up of complex carbohydrates, fruits, and vegetables.

Dr. Ornish's advice shows his lack of knowledge about lipids (fats and oils) and research has not borne out his claims about low-fat diets being good for heart disease. In the first place, avocados, nuts, and seeds are not "high in saturated fats" as he claims. Their fat content is mostly from oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, and linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Very little of the fat content of nuts, seeds, and avocados comes from saturated fatty acids (see MG Enig Know Your Fats, Bethesda Press, 2001, 291-2). Additionally, a comprehensive review of the available trials has shown the ineffectiveness of low-fat/cholesterol diets in both treating and preventing heart disease (L Corr and M Oliver. Eur Heart J, 1997, 18:18-22; (b) G Taubes. Science 2001 Mar 30 291:5513 2536-45). In fact, such diets actually increase risk factors for heart disease (DM Dreon and others. Amer J Clin Nutr, 1999, 69:4118; F. Jeppesen and others. Am Jnl Clin Nutr, 1997;65:1027-1033).

Furthermore, vegetarian diets do not protect against heart disease. A study of vegans showed that vegan females had higher rates of heart disease than non-vegan females (Ellis, Path, Montegriffo. Amer J Clin Nutr, 1970, 32:249-255). Vegetarians in India suffer from high rates of coronary artery disease - higher than meat-eating Indians (EA Enas. J Indian Med Assoc 2000 Nov;98(11):694-5, 697-702; SL Malhotra. Brit Hrt J, 29:895-905, 1967). Some studies have also shown that vegetarians have higher homocysteine levels than non-vegetarians and homocysteine is a known cause of heart disease ((a) Herrmann, Schorr, Purschwitz, Rassoul, Richter. Clin Chem, 2001, 47(6):1094-10; (b) D Mazzano and others. Thromb Res 2000 Nov 100:153-60).

The high carbohydrate diet Ornish recommends will drive insulin levels up and keep them elevated. Hyperinsulinemia is also another probable cause of heart disease (I. Zavaroni and others. New Eng J Med, 1989, Mar 16, 320:11:702-6).

Ornish makes a lot of other bizarre claims in this chapter - all without any supporting documentation. For example, he mistakenly says that, "Sugar is not very strongly linked with coronary heart disease; the real culprits are saturated fats and cholesterol." (P. 257). This statement directly contradicts meticulous research on sugar and heart disease (J Yudkin. Lancet 1:296-297, 1971). Additionally, careful reviews have shown that saturated fats and cholesterol do not cause heart disease (U Ravnskov. The Cholesterol Myths. New Trends Publishing, 2001).

Ornish's paranoia about saturated fats is so out of control that on a recent Oprah Winfrey Show he recommended that people eat margarine instead of butter because, even though margarine had trans-fatty acids in it (which he knows are bad for people), it had no saturated fatty acids in it!