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The joint forces air command problem: is network-centric warfare the answer?
Naval War College Review, Wntr, 2003 by Major William A. Woodcock
(23.) Air operations centers are currently standing organizations in fixed locations. (There are two exceptions: Fourteenth Air Force, at Davis Monthan AFB, Arizona, and Pacific Air Forces Headquarters, at Hickam AFB, Hawaii, maintain minimally manned AOCs.) They are not manned at wartime levels.
(24.) Frank M. Snyder, Command and Control: The Literature and Commentaries (Washington, D.C.: National Defense Univ. Press, 1993), p. 11.
(25.) Joint Chiefs of Staff, Doctrine for Joint Operations, Joint Publication 3-0 (Washington, D.C.: 26 February 1995), p. II-15.
(26.) Snyder, p. 11.
(27.) Joint Publication 3-0, p. II-15.
(28.) Meilinger, p. 66.
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(29.) Joint Publication 1-02, p. 299.
(30.) Chuck Paone, "Combined Air Operations Center Features Hanscom, Air Combat Command Teams," 31 October 2000, on the World Wide Web at afmc-mil.wpafb.af.mil/organizations/HQ-AFMC/Palnews_sou/00news [2 February 2001].
(31.) Ibid.
(32.) For more information concerning curriculum, class availability, etc., visit the Command and Control Training Innovations Group Website at www.c2tig.af.mil.
(33.) Alberts, Garstka, and Stein, p. 167.
(34.) The Air Warfare Simulator is currently used in Korea to exercise the Seventh Air Force AOC during ULCHI FOCUS LENS exercises.
(35.) Virtual organizations vary from conventional ones in that they may be geographically dispersed but electronically connected or networked. This concept is central to network-centric operations. Virtual organizations can "leverage" sensor, information, and engagement grids to apply and control combat power at speeds never before attainable.
(36.) John M. Fawcett, Jr., "The JFACC Team," on the World Wide Web at www.searchmil.com/ cgi-bin/search.dllc=309890 [4 Oct 2000].
(37.) One of the critical components of the common operational picture is the need to "fuse" the varied inputs into one picture. If conflicts and differences between reports from sources are not resolved, the same object may show up as more than one target.
(38.) Alberts, Garstka, and Stein, p. 175.
(39.) Coakley, p. 91.
(40.) Ibid., p. 83.
(41.) Ibid., p. 78.
(42.) Ibid., p. 74.
(43.) Charles C. Krulak, "Doctrine for Joint Integration," Joint Forces Quarterly, Winter 1996/97, p.21.
(44.) U.S. Dept. of Defense, Report to Congress, p.46.
(45.) Predator is an unmanned aerial vehicle used for reconnaissance. It employs a secure datalink to relay its electro-optical picture back to ground stations. Repeater terminals, which can be placed virtually anywhere, display real-time imagery of what Predator is detecting.
(46.) Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Michael Short, former joint forces air component commander for Operation ALLIED FORCE, interview by author, 9 January 2001, Naval War College, Newport, R.I.
(47.) AFDD 1, p. 23.
(48.) John Keegan, quoted in Thomas P. Coakley, Command and Control for War and Peace (Washington, D.C.: National Defense Univ. Press, 1992), pp. 84-5.
(49.) AFDD 1, p. 23.
Major Woodcock is a fighter pilot with fourteen years in F-111 and F-16 aircraft, including Operations DESERT STORM and SOUTHERN WATCH. He was a member of the Seventh Air Force staff, Weapons and Tactics, assigned to the Korean theater joint forces air component commander, involved in all aspects of air operations center functions. A 2001 graduate of the Naval War College, he received the Red River Valley Fighter Pilot's Association Award for an earlier version of this article. He is currently assistant director of operations of the 555 Fighter Squadron at Aviano Air Base, Italy.
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