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From Kadesh to Kandahar: military theory and the future of war
Naval War College Review, Summer, 2003 by Michael Evans
NOTES
(1.) For a detailed analysis see Manuel Castells, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture, vol. 1, The Rise of the Network Society (Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell, 1996), chaps. 5-7, and Philip Bobbitt, The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace and the Course of History (New York: Knopf, 2002), chaps. 10-12, 24-26.
(2.) President Bill Clinton, "Remarks by the President to American Society of Newspaper Editors," San Francisco, California, 15 April 1999, Los Angeles Times, 16 August 1999.
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(3.) Jean-Marie Guehenno, "The Impact of Globalisation on Strategy," Survival 40, no. 4 (Winter 1998-99), Pp. 5-19; David Held and Anthony McGrew, "Globalisation and the Prospects for World Order," in The Eighty Years Crisis: International Relations 1919-99, ed. Tim Dunne, Michael Cox, and Ken Booth (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999), pp. 219-43.
(4.) Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History," National Interest (Spring 1989) and The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Free Press, 1992).
(5.) See John M. Collins, Military Geography for Professionals and the Public (Washington, D.C.: National Defense Univ. Press, 1998) and the essays in Colin S. Gray and Geoffrey Sloan, eds, Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy (London: Frank Cass, 1999).
(6.) Babbitt, p. 813.
(7.) Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui, Unrestricted Warfare (Beijing: People's Liberation Army Literature and Arts Publishing House, 1999), p. 199.
(8.) For a useful discussion see Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr., and Richard H. Shultz, Jr., "Future Actors in a Changing Security Environment, in War in the information Age: New Challenges for U.S. Security Policy, ed. Pfaltzgraff and Schultz (Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1997), chap. 1.
(9.) This typology is drawn from Robert Cooper's excellent essay on the fragmentation of the international system and the implications for global security. See Robert Cooper, The PostModern State and the World Order (London: Demos, 1996), esp. pp. 38-47.
(10.) For views on the future of armed conflict see Makhmut Gareev, If War Comes Tomorrow? The Contours of Future Armed Conflict (London: Frank Cass, 1998); Mary Kaldor, New & Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era (Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press, 1999); Gwyn Prins and Hylke Tromp, eds, The Future of War (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000); Mark Duffield, Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security (London: Zed Books, 2001); Robert E. Harkavy and Stephanie G. Neuman, Warfare and the Third World (New York: Palgrave, 2001); Wesley K. Clark [Gen., USA, Ret.], Waging Modern War: Bosnia, Kosovo and the Future of Combat (New York: PublicAffairs, 2001); Andrew J. Bacevich and Eliot A. Cohen, eds, War over Kosovo: Politics and Strategy in a Global Age (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2001); Christopher Coker, Waging War without Warriors? The Changing Culture of Military Conflict (Boulder, Cob.: Lynne Rienner, 2002); William R. Schilling, ed., Nontraditional Warfare: Twenty -first Century Threats and Responses (Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 2002); and Colin S. Gray, Strategy for Chaos: Revolutions in Military Affairs and the Evidence of History (London: Frank Cass, 2002).
