Globalization of Navy shipbuilding: a key to affordability for a new maritime strategy

Naval War College Review, Autumn, 2007 by Robert J. White

(32.) John Birkler, Differences between Military and Commercial Shipbuilding: Implications for the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence, RAND Europe Report MG-236 (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2005), p. 67.

(33.) ICAF, Shipbuilding 2001 (Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 2001), p. 11.

(34.) ICAF, Shipbuilding 2006, p. 10.

(35.) Ibid.

(36.) The National Security Strategy of the United States of America (Washington, D.C.: White House, 1988), p. 2.

(37.) The fundamental difference between international trade and the globalization of production is that not only raw materials and finished products cross international borders but also unfinished products in various stages of manufacture. For example, cotton harvested in one country may cross one border to be made into cloth, then another border to be cut into pieces, another to be assembled into a shirt, and another finally to be brought to market.

(38.) Sachs, "The Geography of Economic Development," p. 264.

(39.) Robert Jervis defines the "great powers" as the United States, Western Europe, and Japan. Russia and China are not great powers, because of the unknown stability of their regimes. Jervis, "Theories of War in an Era of Leading-Power Peace," American Political Science Review 96, no. 1 (March 2002), pp. 1-13.

(40.) Stephen G. Brooks, Producing Security: Multinational Corporations, Globalization, and the Changing Calculus of Conflict (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 2005), p. 5.

(41.) Douglas E. Mason, "Marine One," Case Studies in Policy Making & Process, 9th ed. (Newport, R.I.: Naval War College, National Security Decision Making Department, 2005), p. 271.

(42.) Harry Pember, Seventy Five Years of Aviation Firsts (Stratford, Conn.: Sikorsky Historical Archives, 1998), as cited in Mason, "Marine One."

(43.) Mason, "Marine One," p. 271.

(44.) U.S. Commerce Dept., National Security Assessment of the Domestic and Foreign Subcontractor Base (Washington, D.C.: 1992), as cited in Brooks, Producing Security, p. 91.

(45.) U.S. Defense Dept., Foreign Sources of Supply: Assessment of the United States Defense Industrial Base (Office of the Under Secretary of Defense [Acquisition, Technology & Logistics]. Deputy Under Secretary of Defense [Industrial Policy], April 2006), available at www.acq.osd.mil/ip/docs/.> (46.) U.S. Commerce Dept., National Security Assessment of the U.S. Shipbuilding and Repair Industry, executive summary, p. 9.

(47.) The notion that "purchasing hulls overseas and adding systems in the U.S. could reduce costs" is briefly mentioned in ICAF, Shipbuilding 2006, p. 10.

(48.) Ibid., p. 6.

(49.) Royal Australian Navy officer attending the Naval War College's Naval Command College, conversation with the author, January 2007.

(50.) Brooks, Producing Security, pp. 100-103.

(51.) Ann Roosevelt, "Senate Defeats Buy American Amendment," Defense Daily, 23 June 2004, p. 1.

(52.) Christopher J. Castelli, "Winter Rules Out Moving VH-71 Production Overseas," InsideDefense.com, 28 March 2007.

(53.) U.S. Defense Dept., The Impact of Buy-American Restrictions Affecting Defense Procurements (Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary of Defense, July 1989), as cited in Brooks, Producing Security, p. 91.