Accrediting DoD contract technical representatives in Italy: without reinventing the wheel

Defense AT&L, March-April, 2005 by Michael J. McCormick

When the NATO Status of Forces Agreement (NATO SOFA) came into existence in 1951, there was no mention of Department of Defense contractors as a category of personnel. Fortunately, the supplemental agreements between Italy and the United States acknowledged a category of the forces termed "technical representatives" (TRs)--contractors under the supervision of DoD who perform work in Italy on more than a temporary basis.

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Fast forward to the modern day: DoD contractors are a substantial and vital part of the U.S. forces in Italy. To accommodate the growing reliance on contractors, the U.S. forces needed a process to streamline and uniformly manage the accreditation of TRs under the NATO SOFA and U.S. and Italy supplemental agreements. The solution came from a process already in place in Germany to screen DoD contractors for similar NATO SOFA status. The DoD Contractor Personnel Office (DOCPER) in Germany, along with the U.S. Sending State Office for Italy (USSSO) and the Service Component Headquarters, agreed to adapt the DOCPER process used in Germany to process TR accreditations in Italy. The result has been a significant increase in control of accreditation as well as a systematic process for DoD contracting officer representatives (CORs) and DoD contractors.

The foundation documents for the stationing of U.S forces in Italy are the NATO SOFA and the classified Agreement Between the United States of America and the Republic of Italy Regarding Bilateral Infrastructure in Implementation of Article III of the North Atlantic Treaty of 20 October 1954 (known as BIA). The BIA acknowledged that personnel who were not military service members or DoD civilian employees might go to Italy to assist the U.S. forces. An additional category, "Civilian Personnel," was created and further divided into subcategories, one of which is TRs--contractors assisting the U.S. forces in Italy for more than a temporary period.

In 1995, the DoD and Italian Ministry of Defense signed a memorandum of understanding known as the Shell Agreement, which defined TRs as "persons ... who are closely affiliated with the United States Armed Forces and under their authority, but not employed directly by them ... technical representatives of firms having special relations with the United States Armed Forces, when such persons come to Italy for other than temporary visits."

The U.S. Forces Tri-Component Implementing Regulation for Italy briefly discussed the concept of TRs, but did not elaborate. The 2001 edition of the Tri-Component Regulation provided a more detailed definition of TRs as "persons who have a high degree of skill or knowledge in the systematic procedures by which a complex or scientific task is accomplished, as distinguished from routine mental or physical processes." The directive gives as examples of positions granted technical representative status "warranty repair technicians for repair of complex equipment; key executive and supervisor positions in government-owned, contractor-operated facilities that perform major maintenance on U.S. government-owned vehicles; and computer software engineers." Examples are given, too, of positions that have been denied technical representative status: "administrative personnel; automobile sales representatives; carpenters; masons; painters; plumbers; sales representatives for china, jewelry, clothes, computers, encyclopedias, and similar items; and secretaries and typists."

TR Accreditation: Out with the Old Procedures

Prior to 2004, the TRs were not generally screened for accreditation before they arrived in Italy. This meant that most TRs had already obtained from an Italian consulate the necessary mission visa without any legal review by the local installation legal office to ensure that they were entitled to the TR status the mission visa accorded them. (The mission visa allows persons to enter Italy for more than 90 days for the purposes of accompanying the U.S. forces.) Upon arrival at an installation, the TR would seek authorization of logistic support. Originally, the installation would accept the TR's application and forward it to USSSO for approval. USSSO would review the application for proper orders, visa, and any indication of Italian citizenship or "ordinary resident status," either of which would disqualify the applicant. If the applicant were determined to be a TR, then USSSO would issue a SOFA stamp to be placed in the contractor's passport. In 2000, USSSO delegated the entire screening process to the staff judge advocate offices of the U.S. forces units in Italy.

The process generally worked insofar as most contractor employees came from the United States and would have the type of expertise that met the requirements of the TR category. However, the rotation of military personnel among the staff judge advocate offices hampered the continuity of the program. Additionally, the implementation of the program differed from installation to installation.

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