Martin Johnson Heade's 'Thunder Storm on Narragansett Bay.' - 1868; Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas

Magazine Antiques, March, 1994 by Sarah Cash

(14)Natural moments of foreboding, including thunderstorms, twilights, and sunsets, appear in American landscape painting with greater frequency in the 1860's than at any other period. They can be found in works by Frederic Edwin Church, Albert Bierstadt, John Frederick Kensett, Sanford Robinson Gifford, George Inness, Fitz Hugh Lane, and others.

(15)Philadelphia Press, May 20, 1861.

(16)Cited in Bugle-Echoes: A Collection of the Poetry of the Civil War Northern and Southern, ed. Francis F. Browne (New York, 1886), pp. 103--106.

(17)The sermon was published in the Independent, December 15, 1859, p. 2.

(18)The sermon, "Against a Compromise of Principle," was published in the Independent, December 6, 1860, p. 2.

(19)Epochs of Transition: An Oration Delivered Before the American Whig and Cliosophic Societies of the College of New Jersey, Tuesday, June 26th, 1866, by Noah Hunt Schenck, D.D., Rector of Emmanuel Church, Baltimore (Philadelphia, 1867), pp. 24, 33.

(20)Walt Whitman: Complete Poetry and Collected Prose (New York, 1982), pp. 427--429.

(21)Cited in Bugle-Echoes, pp. 66--67.