Distinctive destinations: with so many wonderful vacation options, how do you choose the one that's right for you? The following destinations offer a unique combination of natural and cultural attractions

Natural History, April, 2002

Scotland

Scotland's combination of beautiful scenery and art and culture make it one of Europe's most desirable destinations, but it is especially alluring for naturalists. Whether you are a birdwatcher, a whale watcher, or just a general wildlife enthusiast, you will enjoy the unspoiled Scottish countryside. You will see a wide variety of birds, mammals, and other wildlife in this dramatic and beautiful setting.

Scotland's geology is among the most varied and ancient in the world, resulting in dramatically different landscapes, from the mountains of the Highlands to the rolling hills of the Lowlands. The Arctic plateau of the Cairngorms, the wilderness of Wester Ross, and the woods and lake scenery of Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park are not only outstandingly beautiful but also among the most important sanctuaries for characteristic Scottish wildlife.

Birdwatchers come to Scotland to spot golden and sea eagles, the rare and large-billed Scottish crossbill, and the rare capercaillie. They can also see puffins, ospreys, ptarmigans, gannets, and a springtime explosion of breeding birds on the coastal cliffs. One of the great spectacles of Scotland is the flight of wintering geese, moving daily from roosting to feeding grounds. Some of the best areas to see this amazing sight are Gruinart Bay on Islay, Caerlaverock in the Solway Coast, and Loch of Strathbeg in northeast Scotland.

If you are a seasoned birdwatcher, then the internationally renowned Fair Isle bird observatory, between Orkney and Shetland, is a must-see. Visit during spring and autumn and see many transients as they take a break from their long-distance journeys.

When you're done with the skies, head for the sea. Scotland boasts twenty-four species of whales and dolphins -- almost a third of the world's total. According to the Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust, the western seaboard of Scotland is the most important cetacean habitat in Europe. Good spots for whale sightings include Ardnamurchan Point, Gairloch, as well as the islands of Coll, Tiree, Islay, and Lewis.

For culture, don't miss Edinburgh, Scotland's capital, which is built upon a jumble of hills and valleys. Edinburgh Castle, the most famous castle in Scotland, overlooks the city and dominates its skyline. Edinburgh boasts more restaurants per capita than anywhere else in Scotland, as well as plenty of pubs, cafes, and bistros. With such diversity of land and activities, it's no wonder Edinburgh is the most popular tourist destination in Britain after London.

Uniworld

Meander down Dutch waterways at tulip time. Coast down the Rhine and watch majestic castles pass by. Or voyage to the Bering Sea for rare visits to Eskimo communities and the Russian Far East. When you explore the world's greatest rivers on a Uniworld tour, you will enjoy a travel experience that is unparalleled in value, convenience, and interest.

As today's river cruise leader, Uniworld offers more destinations, itineraries, and ships than any other river cruise company. Destinations include Europe, China, Russia, Asia, Alaska, the United States, and Canada.

Start planning your summer trip now. You can choose to cruise the "Waterways of the Czars" which connect Moscow and St. Petersburg or travel the entire length of the Volga River.

Head to Europe and discover the fabled wine country of France, the windmills of Holland, the Renaissance gems of northern Italy, the majestic castles along the Rhine, and the romance of the Danube. Experience the art, wine, and music of Europe on brand-new theme cruises. These include lectures on the French Impressionists, Strauss and Mozart concerts, and tastings of the fabled wines of France.

Wales

Wales combines ancient and natural wonders like no place else in the world.

One of the oldest places on Earth, Wales is known for its culture and language, which originated even before the pyramids were built. The Welsh language is the oldest known language in the world. However, it is the country's reputation as "Britain's great outdoors" that attracts many visitors. Wales offers stunning natural and unspoiled scenery -- ranging from mountains and valleys to coastal rock formations -- which provides a variety of walking, cycling, and water sport opportunities.

Outstanding attractions with unique charm include Mount Snowdon, the highest point in England and Wales, where you can ride on the narrow gauge railway up the summit. Travel by steam train through the breathtaking scenery of the Snowdonia National Park, or discover the magical Italianate village of Portmeirion on a wooded hillside overlooked by the mountains and sea. Pass through the Beacons National Park in southern Wales, or take an easy stroll along the marked trails of the Carmarthen Bay Coast Walk. Wales also is home to such wonders as the National Botanic Garden of Wales, including the largest single-span glasshouse in the world plus a garden that showcases plant life in all its forms. The magnificent Cardiff Castle is just a short trip from the new Millennium Stadium. Both are remarkable feats of engineering past and present.