From apoplexy to stroke - review of medical literature on stroke over previous 2,000 years, especially sources from 18th and 19th centuries

Age and Ageing, Sept, 1997 by Pandora Pound, Michael Bury, Shah Ebrahim

[1.] Maclachlan D. The Diseases and Infirmities of Advanced Life. London: J. Burchill and Sons, 1863.

[2.] Elias N. The retreat of sociologists into the present. Theory, Culture Society 1987; 44: 223-47.

[3.] Norris JW. Stalin's stroke. Neurology 1994; 44: 765-6.

[4.] Kaplan GP, Petrikovsky BM. Advanced cerebrovascular disease and the death of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Neurology 1992; 41: 241-5.

[5.] Ljunggren B, Fodstad H. History of stroke (Letter). Neurosurgery 1991; 28: 482.

[6.] Quest DO. Stroke: a selective history. Neurosurgery 1990; 27: 440-45.

[7.] Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.

[8.] Barnhart RK. The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology. New York: H. W Wilson, 1988.

[9.] Cooke J. A Treatise on Nervous Diseases. Volume 1: apoplexy. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, 1820.

[10.] Smith W. Latin-English Dictionary. London: William Clowes and Sons, 1855.

[11.] Allen B. The Natural History of the Chalybeat and Purging Waters of England, with their Particular Essays and Uses. Among which are treated at large the Apoplexy and Hypochondriacism. London: S. Smith and B. Walford, 1699.

[12.] Thomas H. Diseases of the Cerebral Bloodvessels. In: Osler W. Principles and Practice of Medicine. Volume 7. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1907.

[13.] Cheyne J. Causes of Apoplexy and Lethargy: with observations upon the comatose diseases. London: Thomas Underwood, 1812.

[14.] Robinson N. A Discourse upon the Nature and Cause of Sudden Deaths. London: T. Warner, 1732.

[15.] Cunningham A. Blood. In: Seale C, Pattison S eds. Medical Knowledge: doubt and certainty. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1994.

[16.] Schiller E Concepts of stroke before and after Virchow. Med History 1970; 14: 115-31.

[17.] Osler W Principles and Practice of Medicine, editions 1-15. Edinburgh: D. Appleton and Co. (eds 1-4)/Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger (eds 5 - 15), 1892-1944.

[18.] Tanner TH. A Manual of the Practice of Medicine. London: H. Renshaw, 1854.

[19.] Clarke A. A Practical Manual for the Preservation of Health and the Prevention of Diseases. London: H. Colburn, 1824.

[20.] Anonymous physician. A treatise of Diseases of the Head, Brain and Nerves. London: Minories, 1738.

[21.] Copland J. On the Causes, Nature and Treatment of Palsy and Apoplexy: of the Forms, Seats, Complications, and Morbid Relations of Paralytic and Apoplectic Diseases. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1850.

[22.] Jewson ND. The disappearance of the sick-man from medical cosmology, 1770-1870. Sociology 1976; 10: 225-44.

[23.] Davison C, Davey-Smith G, Frankel S. Lay epidemiology and the prevention paradox: the implications of coronary candidacy for health education. Sociol Health Illness 1991; 13: 1-19.

[24.] Price FW. A Textbook of the Practice of Medicine. London: Oxford Medical Publications, 1946.

[25.] Rowley W. A Treatise on Female, Nervous, Hysterical, Hypochondriacal, Bilious, Convulsive Diseases; Apoplexy and Palsy; with Thoughts on Madness, Suicide etc. London: Nourse, Newbery and Hookham, 1788.