Development of the nursing home Resident Assessment Instrument in the USA - Continuing and Rehabilitative Care for Elderly People: A Comparison of Countries and Settings

Age and Ageing, Nov, 1997 by Catherine Hawes, John N. Morris, Charles D. Phillips, Brant E. Fries, Katherine Murphy, Vincent Mor

Table 3. International use of the Resident
Assessment Instrument (RAI)

Country Language                 Reliability
                                  testing      Main use

Sweden            Swedish            Yes       Initially, to see
                                                whether use of RUGs
                                                could reduce
                                                hospital length of
                                                stay and pay
                                                nursing homes more
                                                equitably; now,
                                                for research

Italy             Italian            Yes       To train nurses in
                                                gerontological
                                                nursing; also
                                                implemented testing
                                                effects of full
                                                RAI use on quality
                                                of care in two
                                                regions and in
                                                nursing homes
                                                in regions,
                                                with possibility
                                                of national
                                                implementation

UK                English            No        Testing effect on
                                                quality of care
                                                and being evaluated
                                                as potential
                                                national standard
                                                assessment for
                                                continuing care
                                                homes

Denmark           Danish             Yes       Implementation of
                                                the full RAI for
                                                use in nursing
                                                homes in
                                                Copenhagen;
                                                full country
                                                implementation
                                                under
                                                consideration
                                                if appropriate
                                                software becomes
                                                available

The Netherlands   Dutch              No        Testing effect
                                                of use of the full
                                                RAI on quality

Japan             Japanese           Yes       Testing effect
                                                of RAI to provide
                                                quality-based
                                                incentive payments

Iceland           Icelandic          Yes       Full country
                                                implementation
                                                of the RAI for
                                                assessment and
                                                care planning

Switzerland       Swiss French       Yes       Testing impact
                  Swiss German                  on quality in
                                                several cantons

France            French             No        Prospective study
                                                in a few
                                                facilities
                                                to determine
                                                acceptability and
                                                effect on
                                                quality; testing
                                                expanded to
                                                more facilities

Spain             Spanish            No        To measure
                                                differences in
                                                facilities'
                                                case mix, with
                                                consideration
                                                of using RUGs
                                                for nursing
                                                facility payment

Canada            English            Yes       Testing utility
                                                of RUGs to
                                                identify case mix
                                                differences among
                                                facilities;
                                                implemented for
                                                chronic care
                                                hospitals in
                                                Ontario and being
                                                considered in
                                                Saskatchewan

Germany           German             No         Being advocated
                                                 for use in
                                                 determining
                                                 eligibility for
                                                 the new long-term
                                                 care benefit under
                                                 German social
                                                 security law

Norway            Norwegian          No         May replace
                                                 locally developed
                                                 assessment system
                                                 for long-term care

Finland           Finnish            No         RUG-III validation
                                                 study completed
                                                 and evaluation
                                                 of MDS/RAI
                                                 underway

Czech Republic    Czech              No         Results of a
                                                 MDS/RAI study
                                                 being used to
                                                 inform policy
                                                 development
                                                 in long-term care