Table of reference intervals

Medical Laboratory Observer, August, 2004

                                     Reference interval
Specimen  Test                      (conventional units)

S         Albumin                    3.8-5.0      g/dL
B         Base excess               -3.3 to  2.3  mmol/L
P         Bicarbonate               21-28         mmol/L
S/P       Bilirubin, conjugated     <0.3          mg/dL
S/P       Bilirubin, total           0.1-1.2      mg/dL
S/P       Calcium, total             9.2-11.0     [micro]g/dL
S/P       C[O.sub.2] content,
            venous                  24-30         mmol/L
P         Chloride                  95-103        mEq/L
S/P       Cholesterol (NCEP
            recommendation)        140-200        mg/dL
P         Cortisol (a.m.)            5-23         [micro]g/dL
S/P       Creatinine                 0.6-1.2      mg/dL
          Creatinine clearance      87-139        mL/min/1.74 [M.sup.2]
S/P       Ferritin (men)            15-200        ng/mL
S/P       Ferritin (women)          12-150        ng/mL
P         Fibrinogen               200-400        mg/dL
S/P       Folate                    >2.3          ng/mL
S/P       Glucose, fasting          70-110        mg/dL
S         Haptoglobin               60-270        mg/dL
B         Hematocrit (men)          41.5-50.4     %
B         Hematocrit (women)        35.9-44.6     %
B         Hemoglobin                12-18         g/dL
S/P       Iron, total               60-150        [micro]g/dL
S/P       Iron binding capacity    250-400        [micro]g/dL
S/P       Lactic acid, venous
            (lactate)                5-20         mg/dL
B         Lead (CDC
            recommendation)        <10            [micro]g/dL
S/P       Lithium, therapeutic       0.5-1.4      mEq/L
S/P       Magnesium                  1.3-2.1      mEq/L
B         MCH (RBC index)           27.5-33.2     pg/cell
B         MCHC (RBC index)          33.4-35.5     %
B         MCV (RBC index)           80-96         fL
S/P       Osmolality                280-295       m0sm/kg
B         pC[O.sub.2] (arterial)     35-40        mm Hg
B         pH (arterial)               7.38-7.44
S/P       Phosphate (as P)            2.3-4.7     mg/dL
B         p[O.sub.2] (arterial)      75-100       mm Hg
B         Platelet count            150-400       [10.sup.3]/[mm.sup.3]
P         Potassium                   3.8-5.0     mEq/L
S         Protein, total              6.0-7.8     g/dL
B         RBC count (men)             4.5-5.9     [10.sup.6]/[mm.sup.3]
B         RBC count (women)           4.5-5.1     [10.sup.6]/[mm.sup.3]
S/P       Salicylate, therapeutic    15-30        mg/dL
P         Sodium                    136-142       mEq/L
S         Thyroxine, free            0.9-2.3      ng/dL
S         Thyroxine (T4), total      5.5-12.5     [micro]g/dL
S/P       Triglyceride (as
            triolein)               10-190        mg/dL
S/P       Urea nitrogen (BUN)        8-23         mg/dL
S/P       Uric acid (urate)          2.7-8.5      mg/dL
S         Vitamin [B.sub.12]       160-950        pg/mL
B         WBC count                  4.4-11.0     [10.sup.3]/[mm.sup.3]
S         Zinc                      50-150        [micro]g/dL

          Conversion factor    Reference interval
Specimen    (multiply by)          (SI units)

S               10            38-50          g/L
B                1            -3.3 to  2.3   mmol/L
P                1            21-28          mmol/L
S/P             17.1          <5             [micro]mol/L
S/P             17.1           2-21          [micro]mol/L
S/P              0.25          2.3-2.8       mmol/L
S/P              1            24-30          mmol/L
P                1            95-103         mmol/L
S/P              0.0259        3.6-5.2       mmol/L
P               27.6         138-635         nmol/L
S/P             88.4          53-106         [micro]mol/L
                 0.0167        1.4-2.3       mL/s
S/P              1            15-200         [micro]g/L
S/P              1            12-150         [micro]g/L
P                0.01          2.00-4.00     g/L
S/P              2.265        >5.0           nmol/L
S/P              0.0556        3.9-6.1       mmol/L
S                0.01          0.6-2.7       g/L
B                0.01          0.415-0.504   Vol fraction
B                0.01          0.359-0.446   Vol fraction
B               10           120-180         g/L
S/P              0.179        10.7-26.9      [micro]mol/L
S/P              0.179        44.8-71.6      [micro]mol/L
S/P              0.111         0.6-2.2       mmol/L
B                0.048        <0.48          [micro]mol/L
S/P              1             0.5-1.4       mmol/L
S/P              0.5           0.65-1.05     mmol/L
B                1            27.5-33.2      pg/cell
B                0.01          0.334-0.355   concentration fract
B                1            80-96          fL
S/P              1           280-295         mmol/kg
B                0.133         4.7-5.3       kPa
B                1             7.38-7.44
S/P              0.323         0.74-1.52     mmol/L
B                0.133        10-13.3        kPa
B              [10.sup.6]    150-400         [10.sup.9]/L
P                1             3.8-5.0       mmol/L
S               10            60-78          g/L
B              [10.sup.6]      4.5-5.9       [10.sup.12]/L
B              [10.sup.6]      4.5-5.1       [10.sup.12]/L
S/P              0.073         1.1-2.2       mmol/L
P                1           136-142         mmol/L
S               13            12-30          pmol/L
S               12.87         71-161         nmol/L
S/P              0.0113        0.11-2.15     mmol/L
S/P              0.357         2.9-8.2       mmol/L
S/P              0.05948       0.16-0.51     mmol/L
S                0.74        118-703         pmol/L
B              [10.sup.6]      4.4-11.0      [10.sup.9]/L
S                0.153         7.7-23.0      [micro]mol/L

Specimens: B, whole blood; P, plasma; S, serum. Reference intervals
depend on test method and the demographics of the normal population
used.
Source: Henry JD, ed. Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory
Methods. 19th ed. Philadelphia, PA; WB Saunders Co.; 1996 and Burstis CA
and Ashwood ER, Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 3rd ed.
Philadelphia, PA; WB Saunders Co; 1999.
Revised by Richard M. Rocco, PhD, Center for Biomedical Laboratory
Science, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA.