Saving old Iran: A programme for renovating houses in the centre of two of Iran's most ancient cities has helped to encourage revitalization of the old cores, and a rebirth of craftsmanship - Brief Article

Architectural Review, The, Nov, 2001

In the second five year plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran, launched in 1994, there were attempts to take account of the value and potential of the centres of historical cities, which were being neglected at a time of huge population growth and urban immigration. A programme for saving, restoring and re-using fine old buildings was set up, and the Aga Khan Awards have premiated eight projects in Isfahan and Yazd which show the general approach adopted by the Ministry of Housing.

In both cities, the traditional centre had a dense fabric of mud or fired brick, cut through by streets largely lined with courtyard buildings. In the dry temperate climate of Isfahan, timber screens and external curtains traditionally modified the intense sunlight. Yazd is more desert-like, and traditional ways of climate control included widespread use of bodgir, wind tunnels and towers, as well as large vaulted double-height spaces open to the courtyard.

One of the lessons learned from the programme was how reluctant the potential owners and tenants were to invest in historic buildings before restoration. They were often converted to understanding the physical and commercial viability after seeing the work. Technical assessor Jolyon Leslie points out that, though all the buildings have been successfully converted to contemporary uses, 'buildings that currently serve a public function as opposed to offices' have been more successful.

Restoration methods largely made use of traditional materials, though with judicious introduction of new materials and techniques. The programme has provided opportunities for employment and training of craftsmen in traditional techniques.

User reaction has been favourable, with some of the revitalized buildings becoming general attractions. Individual architects and entrepreneurs have emulated the approach, so there is a real chance that the programme will have a lasting effect on the irreplaceable centres of ancient Iranian cities.