Business Services Industry
Statistical annex
OECD Economic Outlook, Dec, 2003
Country classification
OECD
Seven major OECD countries Canada, France, Germany, Italy,
Japan, United Kingdom and United
States.
European Union Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Ireland,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United
Kingdom.
Euro area Austria, Belgium, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and
Spain.
Non-OECD
Africa and the Middle East Africa and the following countries
(Middle East): Bahrain, Cyprus, Iran,
Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab
Republic, United Arab Emirates and
Yemen.
Dynamic Asian Economies (DAEs) Chinese Taipei; Hong Kong, China;
Indonesia; Malaysia; the Philippines;
Singapore and Thailand.
Other Asia Non-OECD Asia and Oceania, excluding
China, the DAEs and the Middle East.
Latin America Central and South America.
Central and Eastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, the Newly
Independent States of the former
Soviet Union, and the Baltic States.
Weighting scheme for aggregate measures
Per cent
Australia 1.80
Austria 0.82
Belgium 1.06
Canada 3.26
Czech Republic 0.61
Denmark 0.57
Finland 0.46
France 5.71
Germany 8.31
Greece 0.64
Hungary 0.44
Iceland 0.03
Ireland 0.31
Italy 5.48
Japan 13.95
Korea 2.45
Luxembourg 0.07
Mexico 2.96
Netherlands 1.56
New Zealand 0.30
Norway 0.49
Poland 1.29
Portugal 0.65
Slovak Republic 0.23
Spain 2.84
Sweden 0.87
Switzerland 0.86
Turkey 1.65
United Kingdom 5.23
United States 35.16
Total OECD 100.00
Memorandum item
European Union 34.54
Euro area 27.88
Note: Based on 1995 GDP and purchasing power parities (PPPs).
Irrevocable euro conversion rates
National currency unit per euro
Austria 13.7603
Belgium 40.3399
Finland 5.94573
France 6.55957
Germany 1.95583
Greece 340.750
Ireland 0.787564
Italy 1 936.27
Luxembourg 40.3399
Netherlands 2.20371
Portugal 200.482
Spain 166.386
Source: European Central Bank.
National accounts reporting systems and base-years
Many countries are changing from the SNA68/ESA79 methodology for the
national accounts data. In the present edition of the OECD Economic
Outlook, the status of national accounts in the OECD countries is as
follows
Expenditure accounts Household accounts
Australia SNA93 (1959) SNA93 (1959)
Austria ESA95 (1988) ESA95 (1995)
Belgium ESA95 (1970) ESA95 (1995)
Canada SNA93 (1955) SNA93 (1955)
Czech Republic SNA93 (1994) SNA93 (1994)
Denmark ESA95 (1988) ESA95 (1988)
Finland ESA95 (1995) ESA95 (1995)
France ESA95 (1978) ESA95 (1978)
Germany (b) ESA95 (1960) ESA95 (1970)
Greece ESA95 (1960) Not available
Hungary SNA93 (1995) SNA93 (1995)
Iceland SNA93 (1970) Not available
Ireland ESA95 (1990) ESA95 (1990)
Italy ESA95 (1982) ESA95 (1980)
Japan SNA93 (1980q1) (c) SNA93 (1990) (c)
Korea SNA93 (1970) SNA93 (1975)
Luxembourg ESA95 (1970) Not available
Mexico SNA93 (1980) Not available
Netherlands ESA95 (1977) ESA95 (1980)
New Zealand SNA93 (1987) SNA93 (1986)
Norway SNA93 (1978) SNA93 (1978)
Poland SNA93 (1991) SNA93 (1991)
Portugal ESA95 (1995) ESA95 (1995)
Slovak Republic SNA93 (1993) SNA93 (1995)
Spain ESA95 (1995) ESA95 (1995)
Sweden ESA95 (1980) ESA95 (1993)
Switzerland SNA68 SNA68
Turkey SNA68 SNA68
United Kingdom ESA95 (1987) ESA95 (1987)
United-States NIPA (SNA93) (1959q1) NIPA (SNA93) (1959q1)
Use of
chain weighted
Government accounts price indices
Australia SNA93 (1959) YES
Austria ESA95 (1976) NO
Belgium ESA95 (1970) NO
Canada SNA93 (1981) YES
Czech Republic SNA93 (1992) NO
Denmark ESA95 (1971) NO
Finland ESA95 (1995) NO
France ESA95 (1978) NO
Germany (b) ESA95 (1980) NO
Greece ESA95 (1960) YES
Hungary SNA93 (1991) NO
Iceland SNA93 (1990) NO
Ireland ESA95 (1990) NO
Italy ESA95 (1980) NO
Japan SNA93 (1990) (c) NO
Korea SNA93 (1975) NO
Luxembourg ESA95 (1990) NO
Mexico Not available NO
Netherlands ESA95 (1969) YES
New Zealand SNA93 (1986) YES
Norway SNA93 (1978) NO
Poland SNA93 (1991) YES
Portugal ESA95 (1977) NO
Slovak Republic SNA93 (1994) NO
Spain ESA95 (1995) NO
Sweden ESA95 (1980) YES
Switzerland Not available NO
Turkey SNA68 NO
United Kingdom ESA95 (1987) YES
United-States NIPA (SNA93) (1959q1) YES
Benchmark/ base
year
Australia 2001/2002 (a)
Austria 1995
Belgium 2000 (a)
Canada 1997
Czech Republic 1995
Denmark 1995
Finland 2000
France 1995
Germany (b) 1995
Greece 1995
Hungary 2000 (a)
Iceland 1990
Ireland 1995
Italy 1995
Japan 1995
Korea 1995
Luxembourg 1995
Mexico 1993
Netherlands 1995
New Zealand 1995/96
Norway 2000
Poland 1995
Portugal 1995
Slovak Republic 1995
Spain 1995
Sweden 1995
Switzerland 1990
Turkey 1987
United Kingdom 2000 (a)
United-States 1996
(a) SNA: System of National Accounts. ESA: European Standardised
Accounts. NIPA: National Income and Product Accounts. GFS: Government
Financial Statistics. The numbers in brackets indicate the starting
year for the time series.
(b) Data prior to 1991 refer to the new SNA93/ESA95 accounts for
western Germany data.
(c) Spliced to SNA68.
Annex Table 1. Real GDP
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 3.3 1.4 -0.7 2.3 3.8
Austria 2.1 4.7 3.3 2.3 0.4
Belgium 2.2 3.1 1.8 1.3 -0.7
Canada 2.9 0.2 -2.1 0.9 2.3
Czech Republic ... ... ... ... ...
Denmark 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.0
Finland 3.6 -0.3 -6.4 -3.8 -1.2
France 2.2 2.6 1.0 1.3 -1.0
Germany 1.9 5.7 5.1 1.9 -1.1
Greece 0.8 0.0 3.1 0.7 -1.6
Hungary ... ... ... ... ...
Iceland 3.2 1.2 -0.7 -3.3 0.9
Ireland 3.1 8.5 1.9 3.3 2.7
Italy 2.4 1.9 1.4 0.7 -0.9
Japan 3.9 5.2 3.3 1.0 0.3
Korea 7.5 9.0 9.2 5.4 5.5
Luxembourg 4.5 5.3 8.6 1.8 4.2
Mexico 2.1 5.1 4.2 3.6 2.0
Netherlands 2.0 4.1 2.4 1.5 0.7
New Zealand 2.5 0.5 -1.9 0.8 4.7
Norway 2.9 2.0 3.6 3.3 2.7
Poland ... ... ... ... ...
Portugal 3.3 4.0 4.4 1.1 -2.0
Slovak Republic ... ... ... ... ...
Spain 2.7 3.8 2.5 0.9 -1.0
Sweden 2.2 1.1 -1.1 -1.7 -1.8
Switzerland 2.1 3.7 -0.8 -0.1 -0.5
Turkey 4.0 9.3 0.9 6.0 8.0
United Kingdom 2.3 0.8 -1.4 0.2 2.3
United States 3.0 1.8 -0.5 3.1 2.7
Euro area 2.2 3.6 2.5 1.3 -0.9
European Union 2.2 3.1 1.9 1.0 -0.4
Total OECD 3.0 3.1 1.3 2.0 1.4
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Australia 4.7 3.9 4.1 3.7 5.4 4.4
Austria 2.6 1.6 2.0 1.6 3.9 2.7
Belgium 3.3 2.3 0.9 3.7 2.1 3.2
Canada 4.8 2.8 1.6 4.2 4.1 5.5
Czech Republic 2.6 5.9 4.3 -0.8 -1.0 0.5
Denmark 5.5 2.8 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.6
Finland 3.9 3.4 3.9 6.3 5.0 3.4
France 1.9 1.8 1.0 1.9 3.6 3.2
Germany 2.4 1.8 0.8 1.5 1.7 1.9
Greece 2.0 2.1 2.4 3.6 3.4 3.4
Hungary 2.9 1.5 1.3 4.6 4.9 4.2
Iceland 4.1 0.1 5.1 4.6 5.6 4.0
Ireland 5.8 9.9 8.1 11.1 8.6 11.3
Italy 2.3 3.0 1.0 2.0 1.7 1.7
Japan 1.0 1.9 3.4 1.8 -1.1 0.1
Korea 8.3 8.9 6.8 5.0 -6.7 10.9
Luxembourg 3.8 1.4 3.3 8.3 6.9 7.8
Mexico 4.5 -6.2 5.1 6.8 4.9 3.7
Netherlands 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.8 4.3 4.0
New Zealand 6.2 3.9 3.5 3.1 -0.6 4.7
Norway 5.3 4.4 5.3 5.2 2.6 2.1
Poland 5.3 7.0 6.0 6.8 4.8 4.1
Portugal 1.0 4.3 3.5 4.0 4.6 3.8
Slovak Republic 5.2 6.5 5.8 5.6 4.0 1.3
Spain 2.4 2.8 2.4 4.0 4.3 4.2
Sweden 4.2 4.0 1.3 2.4 3.6 4.6
Switzerland 0.5 0.5 0.3 1.7 2.4 1.5
Turkey -5.5 7.2 7.0 7.5 3.1 -4.7
United Kingdom 4.4 2.8 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.8
United States 4.0 2.7 3.6 4.4 4.3 4.1
Euro area 2.4 2.3 1.4 2.4 2.8 2.8
European Union 2.8 2.5 1.7 2.6 2.9 2.8
Total OECD 3.2 2.6 3.0 3.5 2.7 3.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 3.0 2.7 3.3 2.4 3.7 4.0
Austria 3.4 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.6 2.4
Belgium 3.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.8
Canada 5.3 1.9 3.3 1.8 2.8 3.2
Czech Republic 3.3 3.1 2.0 2.5 2.9 3.2
Denmark 2.9 1.4 2.1 0.5 2.4 2.8
Finland 5.1 1.2 2.2 1.0 3.4 3.8
France 4.2 2.1 1.3 0.1 1.7 2.4
Germany 3.1 1.0 0.2 0.0 1.4 2.3
Greece 4.4 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.1 3.6
Hungary 5.2 3.8 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.8
Iceland 5.6 3.1 -0.2 1.9 3.7 5.6
Ireland 10.1 6.2 6.9 1.8 3.6 4.8
Italy 3.3 1.7 0.4 0.5 1.6 2.1
Japan 2.8 0.4 0.2 2.7 1.8 1.8
Korea 9.3 3.1 6.3 2.7 4.7 5.5
Luxembourg 9.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 2.0 2.9
Mexico 6.6 -0.3 0.9 1.5 3.6 4.2
Netherlands 3.5 1.2 0.2 -0.5 1.0 2.0
New Zealand 3.7 2.2 4.2 2.7 3.1 2.9
Norway 2.8 1.9 1.0 0.6 2.8 2.0
Poland 4.0 1.0 1.4 3.3 3.5 4.5
Portugal 3.4 1.7 0.4 -0.8 1.5 2.6
Slovak Republic 2.2 3.3 4.4 3.9 4.2 4.4
Spain 4.2 2.8 2.0 2.3 2.9 3.1
Sweden 4.4 1.1 1.9 1.5 2.3 2.7
Switzerland 3.2 0.9 0.2 -0.5 1.2 1.8
Turkey 7.4 -7.5 7.8 5.0 4.9 5.4
United Kingdom 3.8 2.1 1.7 1.9 2.7 2.9
United States 3.8 0.3 2.4 2.9 4.2 3.8
Euro area 3.7 1.7 0.9 0.5 1.8 2.5
European Union 3.7 1.7 1.1 0.7 1.9 2.5
Total OECD 3.9 0.9 1.8 2.0 3.0 3.1
Fourth quarter
2003 2004 2005
Australia 2.6 4.3 3.5
Austria 0.6 2.1 2.5
Belgium 0.0 2.8 3.2
Canada 1.7 3.3 3.2
Czech Republic ... ... ...
Denmark 1.3 2.6 2.8
Finland 0.6 4.2 3.5
France 0.4 2.2 2.5
Germany 0.2 1.8 2.5
Greece 3.9 4.9 3.5
Hungary ... ... ...
Iceland 0.2 7.7 4.2
Ireland 2.2 3.5 5.9
Italy 0.5 2.0 2.1
Japan 2.4 1.6 1.9
Korea 1.9 6.1 5.4
Luxembourg ... ... ...
Mexico 2.4 3.6 4.4
Netherlands 0.1 1.1 2.4
New Zealand 3.1 2.5 3.3
Norway 3.0 1.0 3.0
Poland ... ... ...
Portugal 0.7 2.1 2.8
Slovak Republic ... ... ...
Spain 2.4 3.1 3.1
Sweden 1.8 2.8 2.7
Switzerland -0.4 1.1 2.1
Turkey ... ... ...
United Kingdom 2.0 2.8 3.0
United States 3.8 4.1 3.6
Euro area 0.6 2.2 2.6
European Union 0.9 2.3 2.7
Total OECD 2.4 3.1 3.1
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95, has
been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries, both
with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. Moreover, some
countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate real GDP
and expenditures components. See Table "National Account Reporting
Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical Annex and
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 2. Nominal GDP
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 11.8 6.4 1.6 3.7 5.1
Austria 5.9 8.2 7.2 6.0 3.4
Belgium 6.7 6.0 4.7 4.8 3.3
Canada 8.9 3.4 0.8 2.2 3.8
Czech Republic ... ... ... ... ...
Denmark 8.2 4.7 3.9 3.5 1.4
Finland 11.3 6.0 -4.6 -2.4 1.3
France 9.4 5.6 4.0 3.3 1.5
Germany 4.9 9.1 8.8 7.0 2.5
Greece 20.3 20.7 23.5 15.6 12.6
Hungary ... ... ... ... ...
Iceland 40.8 18.2 8.2 -0.1 3.1
Ireland 12.0 7.7 3.8 6.2 8.0
Italy 14.6 10.3 9.1 5.3 3.0
Japan 6.2 7.7 6.3 2.6 0.8
Korea 16.9 20.6 21.1 13.5 12.9
Luxembourg 9.4 8.0 10.6 5.6 10.4
Mexico 66.3 34.6 28.5 18.6 11.6
Netherlands 4.3 6.4 5.3 3.9 2.5
New Zealand 13.9 3.8 -1.4 2.3 7.8
Norway 10.0 5.9 5.9 2.7 5.1
Poland ... ... ... ... ...
Portugal 22.0 17.6 14.9 12.7 5.2
Slovak Republic ... ... ... ... ...
Spain 13.0 11.4 9.7 7.7 3.5
Sweden 10.5 10.0 6.1 -0.8 0.8
Switzerland 5.8 8.2 5.2 2.6 2.2
Turkey 54.9 72.9 60.3 73.5 81.3
United Kingdom 10.0 8.4 5.2 4.2 5.2
United States 7.9 5.7 3.2 5.6 5.1
Euro area 9.1 8.6 7.4 5.7 2.7
European Union 9.7 8.8 7.3 5.4 3.2
Total OECD 11.4 9.4 7.1 6.6 5.4
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 8.7 7.5 5.5 5.1 3.9
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia 5.6 5.5 5.1 5.4 5.7
Austria 5.4 4.2 3.3 2.5 4.5
Belgium 5.5 3.6 2.0 5.2 3.8
Canada 6.0 5.1 3.3 5.5 3.7
Czech Republic 13.9 16.8 13.5 7.2 9.5
Denmark 7.3 4.6 5.1 5.2 3.5
Finland 5.8 8.4 3.5 8.5 8.7
France 3.7 3.6 2.5 3.2 4.5
Germany 5.0 3.9 1.8 2.2 2.8
Greece 13.4 12.1 9.9 10.7 8.8
Hungary 23.0 27.4 22.8 23.9 18.1
Iceland 6.2 3.0 7.3 8.0 10.7
Ireland 7.5 13.2 10.3 15.6 15.5
Italy 5.9 8.1 6.4 4.5 4.5
Japan 1.1 1.4 2.6 2.2 -1.2
Korea 16.5 16.7 10.9 8.3 -2.0
Luxembourg 7.5 3.8 5.4 11.2 9.8
Mexico 13.3 29.3 37.5 25.7 21.0
Netherlands 5.2 5.1 4.2 5.9 6.1
New Zealand 7.3 6.4 6.0 3.5 0.9
Norway 5.2 7.3 9.5 8.2 1.9
Poland 44.5 36.9 25.9 21.8 17.2
Portugal 8.3 7.9 6.7 7.9 8.5
Slovak Republic 19.6 17.0 10.5 12.7 9.4
Spain 6.4 7.8 6.0 6.4 6.8
Sweden 6.6 7.6 2.5 4.0 4.4
Switzerland 2.2 1.6 0.7 1.5 2.3
Turkey 95.2 100.7 90.3 95.2 81.1
United Kingdom 6.1 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.0
United States 6.2 4.9 5.6 6.5 5.6
Euro area 5.2 5.2 3.6 4.0 4.6
European Union 5.6 5.6 4.2 4.5 4.9
Total OECD 7.9 7.9 7.4 7.4 6.0
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 5.5 5.1 4.8 5.1 4.0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 5.2 7.4 5.8 6.2 5.3
Austria 3.4 4.9 2.8 2.7 2.6
Belgium 4.6 5.0 2.5 2.4 3.3
Canada 7.4 9.5 3.0 4.3 5.4
Czech Republic 3.4 4.3 9.6 4.6 4.8
Denmark 4.5 6.0 3.5 3.0 2.3
Finland 3.2 8.5 3.9 3.3 1.4
France 3.7 5.0 3.8 3.2 1.6
Germany 2.4 2.8 2.3 1.8 0.9
Greece 6.5 8.0 7.7 7.9 7.7
Hungary 12.9 15.6 12.7 14.3 9.5
Iceland 7.1 8.7 13.3 3.8 2.9
Ireland 15.6 14.8 11.6 12.7 3.5
Italy 3.2 5.4 4.5 3.1 3.2
Japan -1.4 0.9 -1.2 -1.5 0.1
Korea 8.6 8.1 5.7 8.1 4.1
Luxembourg 10.2 13.4 3.4 1.9 2.8
Mexico 19.5 19.5 6.1 5.5 6.8
Netherlands 5.6 7.5 6.7 3.6 2.2
New Zealand 4.6 6.3 7.0 4.4 3.9
Norway 8.9 19.1 3.9 -0.4 2.6
Poland 11.1 16.0 5.2 2.9 3.7
Portugal 7.0 7.0 6.6 5.0 1.8
Slovak Republic 7.8 8.7 8.9 8.5 9.3
Spain 7.1 7.8 7.1 6.6 6.0
Sweden 5.3 5.7 3.2 3.2 3.5
Switzerland 2.2 4.4 2.0 0.8 -0.6
Turkey 48.2 60.9 43.2 54.7 30.7
United Kingdom 5.2 5.2 4.5 5.0 4.8
United States 5.6 5.9 2.6 3.6 4.6
Euro area 3.9 5.1 4.1 3.4 2.4
European Union 4.2 5.2 4.2 3.6 2.8
Total OECD 5.5 6.7 3.8 3.9 3.8
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 4.1 5.2 2.9 3.0 3.3
Fourth quarter
2004 2005 2003 2004 2005
Australia 6.1 6.4 5.5 6.3 6.3
Austria 2.6 3.5 2.4 3.1 3.8
Belgium 3.5 4.2 4.5 2.1 6.3
Canada 4.4 5.1 4.3 5.1 5.2
Czech Republic 5.2 5.1 ... ... ...
Denmark 4.3 5.0 3.1 4.6 5.2
Finland 4.5 5.5 0.8 6.3 4.5
France 3.0 3.3 1.8 3.4 3.4
Germany 2.7 3.2 1.3 3.0 3.6
Greece 7.8 7.0 7.6 7.8 6.9
Hungary 9.2 8.1 ... ... ...
Iceland 8.3 10.3 5.9 7.5 12.7
Ireland 8.0 8.5 5.1 6.3 9.9
Italy 3.6 4.4 3.5 3.6 4.8
Japan 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.2 1.3
Korea 5.8 6.5 1.4 9.3 4.8
Luxembourg 5.0 5.6 ... ... ...
Mexico 7.0 7.6 3.6 8.7 7.4
Netherlands 1.8 3.2 1.8 2.0 3.6
New Zealand 5.7 5.8 6.5 5.1 6.2
Norway 5.3 5.3 3.5 4.5 6.4
Poland 4.5 5.1 ... ... ...
Portugal 3.9 4.8 2.3 4.2 5.0
Slovak Republic 10.1 7.9 ... ... ...
Spain 6.3 6.3 5.3 6.8 5.9
Sweden 4.5 5.6 3.9 5.2 5.9
Switzerland 1.0 2.1 -0.8 2.1 1.9
Turkey 19.9 17.1 ... ... ...
United Kingdom 4.9 5.5 4.4 5.3 5.6
United States 5.5 5.0 5.4 5.2 4.9
Euro area 3.5 4.1 2.6 3.8 4.3
European Union 3.8 4.3 3.0 4.0 4.6
Total OECD 4.4 4.6 4.0 4.6 4.6
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 4.1 4.2 3.6 4.1 4.3
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95, has
been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries, both
with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. Moreover, some
countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate real GDP
and expenditures components. See Table "National Account Reporting
Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical Annex and
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) High inflation countries are defined as countries which have had 10
per cent or more inflation in terms of the GDP deflator on average
during the last 10 years based on historical data. Consequently,
Hungary, Mexico, Poland and Turkey are excluded from the aggregate.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 3. Real private consumption expenditure
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 3.2 2.7 0.6 2.5 1.6
Austria 2.3 4.5 2.5 3.0 0.8
Belgium 1.9 3.2 3.0 1.7 -0.3
Canada 2.8 1.2 -1.6 1.5 1.8
Czech Republic ... ... ... ... ...
Denmark 0.8 0.1 1.6 1.9 0.5
Finland 3.8 -1.1 3.8 -4.0 -3.8
France 1.9 2.7 0.7 0.7 -0.2
Germany 1.8 4.1 4.6 2.3 0.2
Greece 1.9 2.6 2.9 2.3 -0.8
Hungary ... ... ... ... ...
Iceland 3.0 0.5 0.8 -3.1 -4.7
Ireland 1.8 1.4 1.8 2.9 2.9
Italy 3.1 2.2 2.9 1.9 -3.6
Japan 3.3 4.5 2.9 2.6 1.4
Korea 6.9 9.6 8.0 5.5 5.6
Luxembourg 2.8 3.8 7.0 -2.3 2.1
Mexico 1.9 6.4 4.7 4.7 1.5
Netherlands 0.8 3.8 2.7 0.5 0.3
New Zealand 2.1 0.1 -1.3 0.1 2.8
Norway 1.9 0.7 2.3 2.2 2.4
Poland ... ... ... ... ...
Portugal 2.6 6.4 4.2 4.7 1.1
Slovak Republic ... ... ... ... ...
Spain 2.1 3.5 2.9 2.2 -1.9
Sweden 1.6 -0.4 1.0 -1.3 -3.0
Switzerland 1.6 1.2 1.6 0.1 -0.9
Turkey 2.4 13.1 2.7 3.2 8.6
United Kingdom 3.4 1.0 -1.5 0.5 2.9
United States 3.2 1.8 -0.2 2.9 3.4
Euro area 2.1 3.2 2.7 1.7 -0.9
European Union 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.5 -0.3
Total OECD 2.9 3.0 1.5 2.4 1.7
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Australia 3.7 4.7 3.2 4.0 4.5 4.9
Austria 2.4 2.6 3.2 1.7 2.7 2.4
Belgium 2.4 1.0 1.1 2.0 3.1 2.3
Canada 3.0 2.1 2.6 4.6 2.8 3.8
Czech Republic 5.3 5.9 7.9 2.4 -1.6 1.7
Denmark 6.5 1.2 2.5 2.9 2.3 0.7
Finland 2.5 4.1 3.7 3.4 4.3 3.5
France 0.9 1.3 1.3 0.2 3.6 3.5
Germany 1.1 2.3 0.9 0.7 1.7 3.6
Greece 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.7 3.5 2.5
Hungary 0.2 -7.1 -4.3 1.9 4.8 5.4
Iceland 2.9 2.2 5.4 5.5 10.1 7.3
Ireland 4.4 3.6 6.5 7.1 7.3 8.3
Italy 1.5 1.7 1.3 3.2 3.2 2.6
Japan 2.7 1.8 2.4 0.9 -0.1 0.2
Korea 8.2 9.6 7.1 3.5 -11.7 11.0
Luxembourg 4.0 1.8 4.4 3.9 6.6 2.6
Mexico 4.6 -9.5 2.2 6.5 5.4 4.3
Netherlands 1.4 2.9 4.0 3.0 4.8 4.7
New Zealand 5.8 4.0 5.1 2.4 2.0 3.9
Norway 3.3 3.7 6.5 3.2 2.7 3.3
Poland 3.9 3.7 8.6 6.9 4.8 5.2
Portugal 1.0 0.6 3.0 3.3 5.0 5.1
Slovak Republic 1.5 4.0 8.8 5.7 6.3 3.3
Spain 1.1 1.7 2.2 3.2 4.4 4.7
Sweden 1.9 1.1 1.6 2.7 3.0 3.8
Switzerland 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.4 2.3 2.2
Turkey -5.4 4.8 8.5 8.4 0.6 -2.6
United Kingdom 3.1 1.7 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.4
United States 3.8 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.8 4.9
Euro area 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.6 3.1 3.5
European Union 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 3.2 3.6
Total OECD 2.8 2.2 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 3.2 3.0 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.1
Austria 3.3 1.4 0.8 1.3 1.7 2.3
Belgium 3.4 0.9 0.4 1.8 1.8 2.1
Canada 4.0 2.6 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.0
Czech Republic 2.5 3.6 4.0 4.8 3.1 3.2
Denmark -1.9 0.4 1.9 0.8 2.3 2.2
Finland 3.1 2.0 1.5 3.2 2.9 2.8
France 2.9 2.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.2
Germany 2.2 1.5 -1.0 0.7 1.2 2.2
Greece 2.0 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.2
Hungary 3.8 5.7 10.0 8.0 2.0 3.6
Iceland 4.0 -3.0 -1.1 3.6 3.7 5.2
Ireland 10.0 4.8 2.7 1.8 3.2 4.3
Italy 2.7 1.1 0.4 1.9 1.7 2.1
Japan 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1
Korea 7.9 4.7 6.8 -0.9 2.5 3.8
Luxembourg 4.6 4.5 2.3 1.6 1.9 2.4
Mexico 8.2 2.7 1.2 2.8 3.6 4.4
Netherlands 3.5 1.4 0.8 -1.1 -0.1 1.9
New Zealand 2.0 2.2 3.8 4.2 3.5 3.2
Norway 3.9 2.6 3.6 3.2 4.0 3.0
Poland 2.8 2.0 3.3 2.8 3.2 4.0
Portugal 2.9 1.3 0.6 -1.0 1.2 2.4
Slovak Republic -1.8 3.9 5.3 0.5 2.1 4.2
Spain 4.0 2.8 2.6 3.4 3.5 3.4
Sweden 4.9 0.2 1.3 1.7 2.5 2.6
Switzerland 2.0 2.1 0.7 0.4 1.2 1.8
Turkey 6.2 -9.2 2.0 4.7 4.4 4.3
United Kingdom 4.6 3.1 3.6 2.4 2.4 2.2
United States 4.3 2.5 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.4
Euro area 2.9 1.9 0.6 1.4 1.7 2.4
European Union 3.1 2.0 1.1 1.6 1.8 2.3
Total OECD 3.6 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.7
Fourth quarter
2003 2004 2005
Australia 4.3 3.2 3.1
Austria 1.3 1.9 2.4
Belgium 2.0 1.8 2.2
Canada 3.3 3.1 3.0
Czech Republic ... ... ...
Denmark 0.9 2.6 2.0
Finland 2.4 3.6 2.5
France 1.4 1.9 2.3
Germany 0.8 1.7 2.5
Greece ... ... ...
Hungary ... ... ...
Iceland -0.6 12.3 0.0
Ireland 2.1 3.4 4.9
Italy 1.3 2.0 1.9
Japan 0.9 1.3 1.0
Korea -0.2 1.7 5.4
Luxembourg .. .. ..
Mexico 4.0 3.6 4.8
Netherlands -1.6 0.5 2.6
New Zealand 3.8 3.1 3.3
Norway 3.9 2.6 3.5
Poland .. .. ..
Portugal 0.0 1.7 2.6
Slovak Republic .. .. ..
Spain 3.9 3.5 3.4
Sweden 1.9 2.5 2.5
Switzerland 0.5 1.7 1.8
Turkey .. .. ..
United Kingdom 1.9 2.2 2.2
United States 3.5 3.3 3.5
Euro area 1.3 2.0 2.5
European Union 1.4 2.1 2.4
Total OECD 2.4 2.5 2.9
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95, has
been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries, both
with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. Moreover, some
countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate real GDP
and expenditures components. See Table "National Account Reporting
Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical Annex and
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 4. Real public consumption expenditure
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Australia 3.7 3.7 3.1 0.5 0.3 3.1
Austria 1.6 2.3 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.0
Belgium 1.3 -0.4 3.6 1.6 -0.3 1.6
Canada 2.4 3.5 2.9 1.0 0.0 -1.2
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. -2.4
Denmark 1.2 -0.2 0.6 0.8 4.1 3.0
Finland 3.3 4.2 1.9 -2.5 -4.2 0.8
France 2.7 2.5 2.6 3.6 4.3 0.5
Germany 1.5 3.1 1.9 5.0 0.1 2.4
Greece 1.3 0.6 -1.5 -3.0 2.6 -1.1
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. -7.4
Iceland 4.9 4.4 3.1 -0.7 2.3 4.0
Ireland 0.2 5.4 2.7 3.0 0.1 4.0
Italy 2.9 2.5 1.7 0.6 -0.2 -0.9
Japan 3.8 2.6 3.4 2.6 3.2 2.7
Korea 5.2 7.4 7.2 5.9 4.6 1.9
Luxembourg 4.0 6.7 4.0 3.2 5.2 1.0
Mexico 3.3 3.3 5.4 1.9 2.4 2.9
Netherlands 2.1 2.2 2.9 2.9 1.6 1.5
New Zealand 1.5 1.6 -0.6 1.1 1.3 0.8
Norway 2.7 5.3 5.4 5.6 2.7 1.5
Poland .. .. .. .. .. 1.2
Portugal 5.3 4.2 9.6 -0.9 -0.2 4.3
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. -10.1
Spain 4.8 6.3 6.0 3.5 2.7 0.5
Sweden 1.7 2.5 3.4 0.2 -0.1 -0.8
Switzerland 2.8 5.4 3.5 0.7 -0.1 2.0
Turkey 5.8 8.0 3.7 3.6 8.6 -5.5
United Kingdom 0.8 2.2 3.0 0.7 -0.7 1.0
United States 2.7 2.6 1.4 0.4 -0.3 0.2
Euro area 2.4 2.9 2.6 3.0 1.4 1.2
European Union 2.2 2.8 2.7 2.5 1.0 1.1
Total OECD 2.8 3.0 2.6 1.8 1.1 0.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia 4.0 2.9 2.6 3.4 2.9 5.8
Austria 1.3 1.2 -1.5 2.8 3.0 -0.1
Belgium 1.5 2.2 0.4 1.1 3.5 2.7
Canada -0.6 -1.2 -1.0 3.2 2.1 2.6
Czech Republic -4.3 3.6 -4.4 -4.4 2.3 -1.0
Denmark 2.1 3.4 0.8 3.1 2.0 1.1
Finland 2.0 2.6 2.9 2.0 1.4 0.0
France 0.0 2.2 2.1 -0.1 1.5 3.0
Germany 1.5 1.8 0.3 1.9 0.8 1.0
Greece 5.6 0.9 3.0 1.7 2.1 2.2
Hungary -5.7 -1.9 3.1 2.8 1.7 1.4
Iceland 1.8 1.2 2.5 3.4 4.9 4.4
Ireland 3.9 3.5 5.8 5.3 12.3 2.3
Italy -2.2 1.0 0.2 0.2 1.3 1.6
Japan 4.2 2.9 1.0 2.1 4.4 4.7
Korea 0.8 8.2 1.5 -0.4 1.3 0.1
Luxembourg 4.8 5.6 3.0 1.3 7.3 4.8
Mexico -1.3 -0.7 2.9 2.3 4.7 2.0
Netherlands 1.5 -0.4 3.2 3.6 2.5 2.0
New Zealand 4.8 2.1 7.6 -1.8 7.6 -1.9
Norway 1.5 3.1 2.5 3.3 3.2 1.3
Poland 4.8 2.0 3.1 1.4 1.0 1.1
Portugal 1.0 3.4 2.2 4.1 5.6 4.1
Slovak Republic 2.1 17.4 -4.5 11.5 -7.7 1.3
Spain 2.4 1.3 2.9 3.7 4.2 5.1
Sweden -0.4 0.7 -0.9 3.4 1.7 -1.1
Switzerland -0.1 2.0 0.0 1.3 1.2 2.1
Turkey 6.8 8.6 4.1 7.8 6.5 7.1
United Kingdom 1.4 0.7 -0.3 1.3 3.2 1.9
United States 0.0 0.6 1.8 1.4 2.9 2.9
Euro area 0.7 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.1
European Union 0.8 1.5 1.0 1.6 2.1 2.0
Total OECD 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.7 2.8 2.8
Fourth
quarter
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2003
Australia 1.6 4.0 3.0 3.5 3.3 2.3
Austria -1.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1
Belgium 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 2.2
Canada 3.7 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.2
Czech Republic 5.3 5.7 1.6 0.1 -0.5 ..
Denmark 2.1 2.1 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.3
Finland 2.2 4.0 1.5 1.9 1.5 2.3
France 2.9 4.1 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.5
Germany 1.0 1.7 0.8 0.1 -0.4 1.3
Greece -1.0 5.1 0.9 1.1 0.8 ..
Hungary 4.3 2.2 2.0 0.5 0.1 ..
Iceland 3.1 4.1 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.1
Ireland 13.5 8.8 3.5 2.1 1.9 4.2
Italy 3.6 1.7 1.3 0.8 1.0 1.2
Japan 2.5 2.3 1.6 2.0 1.8 2.4
Korea 1.3 2.9 3.6 1.9 2.0 3.4
Luxembourg 7.0 4.2 3.9 2.5 2.9 ..
Mexico -1.2 -1.3 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3
Netherlands 4.2 3.8 1.0 0.0 1.0 -0.8
New Zealand 3.5 4.7 3.8 3.3 2.6 4.3
Norway 2.7 3.2 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.9
Poland 0.6 1.2 0.4 1.2 1.3 ..
Portugal 3.4 2.8 -1.0 -1.0 -0.9 -1.5
Slovak Republic 5.1 4.0 -0.6 1.2 1.2 ..
Spain 3.6 4.4 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.2
Sweden 0.9 2.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 -0.2
Switzerland 2.4 1.9 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.0
Turkey -8.5 5.4 -1.9 1.0 1.1 ..
United Kingdom 1.7 2.4 3.4 1.7 2.4 3.9
United States 3.8 4.4 3.7 2.9 2.5 3.2
Euro area 2.5 2.8 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.3
European Union 2.3 2.7 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.6
Total OECD 2.6 3.2 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.4
Fourth
quarter
2004 2005
Australia 3.4 3.1
Austria -0.8 -0.1
Belgium 1.2 2.0
Canada 3.3 3.1
Czech Republic .. ..
Denmark 1.2 0.3
Finland 0.9 1.5
France 1.5 1.8
Germany -0.5 -0.4
Greece .. ..
Hungary .. ..
Iceland 4.0 0.6
Ireland 1.2 2.2
Italy 1.0 1.0
Japan 1.4 2.0
Korea 4.5 0.4
Luxembourg .. ..
Mexico 1.1 3.0
Netherlands 1.0 1.0
New Zealand 2.7 2.7
Norway 3.0 1.4
Poland .. ..
Portugal -0.9 -0.9
Slovak Republic .. ..
Spain 3.5 3.1
Sweden 0.2 1.1
Switzerland 0.7 0.3
Turkey .. ..
United Kingdom 2.0 2.4
United States 2.8 2.4
Euro area 0.9 1.0
European Union 1.1 1.1
Total OECD 1.8 1.9
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95, has
been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries, both
with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. Moreover, some
countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate real GDP
and expenditures components. See Table "National Account Reporting
Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical Annex and
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 5. Real total gross fixed capital formation
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 5.0 -7.6 -8.3 1.4 5.3
Austria 1.6 6.2 6.6 0.6 -0.9
Belgium 2.7 8.0 -3.9 0.6 -1.7
Canada 4.9 -3.9 -5.4 -2.7 -2.0
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 0.8 -2.1 -3.3 -2.0 -4.0
Finland 4.9 -4.6 -18.5 -16.4 -15.2
France 2.6 3.2 -1.5 -1.8 -6.6
Germany 1.0 7.7 5.2 3.7 -4.5
Greece -3.0 4.5 4.2 -3.5 -4.0
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 1.8 3.0 -0.1 -11.1 -10.7
Ireland -0.9 13.4 -7.0 0.0 -5.1
Italy 1.8 3.8 1.1 -1.7 -10.9
Japan 4.3 8.1 2.3 -2.4 -2.8
Korea 8.2 25.9 13.3 -0.7 6.3
Luxembourg 4.8 3.4 15.8 -15.1 20.6
Mexico -1.0 13.1 11.0 10.8 -2.5
Netherlands 1.8 2.6 0.3 0.7 -3.2
New Zealand 4.2 -0.8 -18.3 0.2 14.5
Norway 0.3 -10.8 -3.0 -1.1 6.5
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 3.0 7.6 3.3 4.5 -5.5
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 4.7 6.5 1.7 -4.1 -8.9
Sweden 4.2 0.2 -8.6 -11.6 -15.0
Switzerland 4.1 3.8 -2.9 -6.6 -2.7
Turkey 6.6 15.9 0.4 6.4 26.4
United Kingdom 4.1 -2.6 -8.2 -0.9 0.3
United States 2.9 -0.2 -5.4 5.4 5.9
Euro area 2.0 5.0 1.1 -0.2 -6.3
European Union 2.4 3.8 -0.4 -0.6 -5.6
Total OECD 3.2 3.5 -1.5 1.7 0.3
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Australia 11.5 2.2 4.2 9.4 8.3 6.9
Austria 4.6 1.3 2.2 2.0 3.9 2.1
Belgium 0.0 3.6 -0.2 8.0 3.6 4.5
Canada 7.5 -2.1 4.4 15.2 2.4 7.3
Czech Republic 17.1 19.8 8.2 -2.9 0.7 -1.0
Denmark 7.6 11.6 4.0 10.9 10.1 1.5
Finland -3.6 11.2 6.7 13.8 8.4 2.5
France 1.6 2.2 -0.1 -0.2 7.2 8.3
Germany 4.1 -0.6 -0.7 0.9 2.3 3.8
Greece -3.1 4.1 8.4 6.8 10.6 11.0
Hungary 12.5 -4.3 6.7 9.2 13.3 5.9
Iceland 0.6 -1.1 25.7 10.0 33.4 -3.7
Ireland 11.8 15.3 16.8 18.9 15.7 14.5
Italy 0.3 6.2 3.4 2.1 3.8 5.0
Japan -1.5 0.7 6.4 0.9 -3.9 -0.9
Korea 10.7 11.9 7.3 -2.2 -21.2 3.7
Luxembourg 0.0 -1.5 3.8 12.7 11.8 14.6
Mexico 8.4 -29.0 16.4 21.0 10.3 7.7
Netherlands 2.1 4.1 6.3 6.6 4.2 7.8
New Zealand 15.3 12.2 7.8 0.6 -5.1 4.3
Norway 5.3 3.9 10.3 15.5 13.1 -5.6
Poland 9.2 16.6 19.7 21.7 14.2 6.8
Portugal 2.7 6.6 5.7 13.9 11.5 6.4
Slovak Republic -2.5 1.8 30.9 14.3 11.0 -18.5
Spain 1.9 7.7 2.1 5.0 10.0 8.8
Sweden 6.6 9.9 4.5 -0.3 7.8 8.2
Switzerland 6.5 1.8 -2.4 1.5 4.5 2.7
Turkey -16.0 9.1 14.1 14.8 -3.9 -15.7
United Kingdom 4.7 3.1 5.7 6.8 12.7 1.6
United States 7.4 5.5 8.4 8.8 10.3 7.9
Euro area 2.4 2.6 1.3 2.7 5.1 5.9
European Union 2.7 3.6 2.4 3.5 6.5 5.3
Total OECD 4.4 3.2 6.3 6.3 5.7 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia -0.4 -1.7 13.6 7.5 3.6 4.5
Austria 6.2 -2.3 -2.8 2.6 3.7 5.6
Belgium 3.5 0.5 -2.2 0.3 2.9 4.7
Canada 5.5 4.3 1.3 3.3 4.9 4.6
Czech Republic 5.3 5.5 0.6 -0.4 3.6 4.3
Denmark 8.8 1.9 0.3 -4.2 2.3 5.4
Finland 4.1 4.3 -4.0 -3.7 3.4 3.6
France 8.4 2.1 -1.4 -1.1 1.6 3.7
Germany 3.2 -3.9 -6.5 -2.1 1.4 3.2
Greece 8.0 6.5 5.7 8.5 7.2 4.5
Hungary 6.7 3.5 5.8 3.0 5.6 7.6
Iceland 14.8 -6.3 -13.0 7.8 8.4 16.0
Ireland 6.8 0.1 1.7 -8.2 3.4 5.1
Italy 7.5 2.4 0.7 -2.1 2.3 3.8
Japan 2.9 -1.2 -4.7 4.4 0.2 0.0
Korea 11.4 -1.8 4.8 2.5 3.6 6.7
Luxembourg -3.5 10.1 -1.4 0.5 1.9 2.5
Mexico 11.4 -5.8 -1.3 -1.2 4.8 6.3
Netherlands 1.4 -0.1 -4.5 -1.7 1.7 3.3
New Zealand 7.4 -1.8 8.1 12.7 6.0 2.4
Norway -3.6 -4.2 -3.6 1.9 3.7 -0.5
Poland 2.7 -8.8 -6.8 1.1 5.0 6.5
Portugal 3.8 0.1 -5.3 -9.0 1.9 6.0
Slovak Republic 1.2 9.6 -0.9 0.7 6.0 8.5
Spain 5.7 3.3 1.0 2.8 4.0 4.7
Sweden 6.6 0.8 -2.5 0.4 2.7 6.1
Switzerland 5.8 -3.3 -4.1 -2.1 0.6 3.0
Turkey 16.9 -31.5 -0.8 9.8 14.0 18.0
United Kingdom 3.6 3.6 1.8 2.9 4.9 6.4
United States 5.5 -2.6 -1.7 3.7 7.2 5.3
Euro area 5.3 0.1 -2.4 -1.0 2.3 3.9
European Union 5.3 0.8 -1.8 -0.5 2.7 4.3
Total OECD 5.4 -1.5 -1.6 2.2 4.3 4.4
Fourth quarter
2003 2004 2005
Australia 1.5 4.2 4.1
Austria 4.2 5.1 5.7
Belgium 2.2 3.2 5.7
Canada 4.3 5.3 4.2
Czech Republic .. .. ..
Denmark -5.5 5.7 4.9
Finland -2.6 5.0 3.2
France 0.2 2.8 3.9
Germany -1.4 2.7 3.4
Greece .. .. ..
Hungary .. .. ..
Iceland 11.3 7.0 21.5
Ireland -6.7 2.7 6.2
Italy -5.8 3.5 4.0
Japan 4.9 -1.6 0.6
Korea -3.0 7.2 5.9
Luxembourg .. .. ..
Mexico 0.0 7.4 5.8
Netherlands 3.5 0.9 4.0
New Zealand 11.0 2.0 3.6
Norway 5.0 -4.8 4.8
Poland .. .. ..
Portugal -3.8 4.0 6.5
Slovak Republic .. .. ..
Spain 2.2 4.6 4.9
Sweden 1.9 5.5 6.6
Switzerland -1.4 1.9 3.3
Turkey .. .. ..
United Kingdom 2.7 5.2 7.2
United States 6.2 6.8 4.4
Euro area -0.5 3.1 4.2
European Union -0.3 3.6 4.6
Total OECD 3.2 4.2 4.5
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95, has
been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries, both
with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. Moreover, some
countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate real GDP
and expenditures components. See Table "National Account Reporting
Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical Annex and
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 6. Real gross private non-residential fixed capital
formation
Percentage change from previous year
Average 1990 1991 1992 1993
1979-89
Australia 6.9 -7.6 -11.3 -2.1 2.3
Austria 3.0 13.2 6.1 -3.1 -4.4
Belgium 6.6 9.7 -3.3 -1.4 -4.6
Canada 6.1 -2.6 -3.3 -7.8 -1.4
Denmark 3.7 2.2 -1-4 -4.2 -8.3
Finland 6.9 -7.4 -23.5 -19.0 -18.0
France 4.2 5.6 -1.0 -2.6 -8.1
Germany 0.9 9.0 6.0 -0.6 -9.1
Greece -1.3 6.6 5.2 0.7 1.1
Iceland 1.1 6.8 -0.2 -18.0 -25.9
Ireland 0.6 18.9 -11.7 -2.5 -5.7
Italy 2.1 5.5 0.1 -2.3 -14.3
Japan 8.0 10.4 4.1 -7.1 -11.2
Korea 8.5 16.7 13.4 0.1 5.3
Mexico .. 19.6 22.6 22.8 -5.6
Netherlands 2.8 4.8 2.0 -3.2 -5.1
New Zealand 6.7 -5.1 -18.9 8.2 23.1
Norway 0.2 -10.1 -3.4 -0.8 12.5
Spain 4.7 3.9 3.7 -1.0 -13.5
Sweden 6.4 -2.0 -15.0 -15.9 -12.3
Switzerland 4.4 6.3 -2.6 -10.6 -5.9
United Kingdom 6.5 4.4 -5.2 -2.2 -5.4
United States 3.2 0.7 -4.9 3.4 8.4
Earn area 2.6 6.2 1.3 -2.0 -9.5
European Union 3.5 6.0 0.1 -2.4 -9.1
Total OECD 4.3 4.7 -0.6 -0.3 -1.7
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Australia 11.9 7.7 10.4 8.0 7.3 6.6
Austria 3.7 -2.2 4.0 10.7 7.6 4.6
Belgium -2.5 5.2 3.9 7.9 5.2 2.5
Canada 9.4 4.8 4.4 22.6 5.3 7.2
Denmark 7.6 13.9 2.7 13.7 13.5 1.9
Finland -5.0 26.9 6.5 8.2 13.0 0.9
France 0.7 3.4 -0.2 1.0 10.2 9.2
Germany 0.8 1.2 -0.6 2.9 3.6 4.6
Greece 0.9 2.9 14.7 5.4 12.0 16.7
Iceland 1.8 12.5 53.1 19.5 46.9 -5.8
Ireland 8.2 17.3 17.6 22.3 21.1 14.6
Italy 5.1 10.7 3.5 3.7 4.0 6.1
Japan -6.3 2.7 4.7 11.7 -2.0 -3.8
Korea 15.1 14.1 7.3 -3.0 -29.2 11.4
Mexico -0.4 -38.9 45.8 34.0 18.3 8.8
Netherlands -0.4 5.5 7.0 9.7 5.2 9.9
New Zealand 17.0 15.0 7.2 -6.5 -5.5 -1.6
Norway 2.8 2.1 13.4 15.8 15.2 -8.6
Spain 3.5 12.4 3.6 6.4 9.1 9.7
Sweden 18.3 21.3 8.0 4.3 9.2 8.5
Switzerland 2.0 4.9 2.3 4.3 9.0 1.3
United Kingdom 5.4 9.0 10.1 11.1 20.6 2.2
United States 8.9 9.8 10.0 12.2 12.5 8.1
Earn area 1.6 4.8 1.8 4.5 6.6 6.9
European Union 2.9 6.7 3.6 5.4 8.9 6.2
Total OECD 4.4 6.0 7.8 10.2 7.8 5.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia -3.0 1.5 12.4 9.4 6.5 5.8
Austria 12.2 2.0 -2.6 4.2 4.6 6.4
Belgium 4.6 2.5 -2.2 0.0 3.0 4.0
Canada 6.0 1.0 -6.0 1.3 5.7 7.0
Denmark 8.9 4.8 -0.7 -7.0 2.3 7.0
Finland 6.8 10.3 -9.0 -7.3 5.3 5.1
France 9.7 3.1 -2.3 -2.2 2.0 5.5
Germany 7.7 -2.9 -7.2 -1.7 3.2 5.5
Greece 9.4 8.6 6.1 8.4 8.1 5.2
Iceland 14.9 -13.4 -20.5 13.0 15.2 26.0
Ireland 1.4 -1.9 -0.9 -16.0 4.9 7.3
Italy 9.1 1.7 0.2 -4.8 1.4 4.1
Japan 9.6 1.0 -4.7 10.3 3.5 1.5
Korea 18.0 -7.5 3.7 1.7 3.5 7.3
Mexico 10.0 -4.3 -3.7 -1.5 6.0 6.9
Netherlands 1.0 -1.9 -6.5 -3.9 1.3 3.4
New Zealand 17.5 1.9 5.2 11.1 15.0 6.3
Norway -4.0 -7.8 -4.3 4.4 4.6 -1.8
Spain 7.9 3.8 -1.0 2.0 3.5 4.8
Sweden 9.5 -0.1 -6.3 0.3 2.6 6.9
Switzerland 5.3 -4.3 -5.1 -3.6 0.2 4.3
United Kingdom 4.8 3.6 -3.5 1.5 2.7 4.5
United States 7.8 -5.2 -5.7 2.3 9.7 7.9
Earn area 7.7 0.9 -3.4 -2.1 2.7 5.1
European Union 7.6 1.4 -3.4 -1.4 2.7 5.0
Total OECD 8.0 -1.6 -4.0 2.1 5.7 5.7
Fourth quarter
2003 2004 2005
Australia 5.5 4.7 6.2
Austria 6.6 6.0 6.6
Belgium 0.3 3.6 3.9
Canada 3.8 7.3 6.3
Denmark -8.9 6.5 7.0
Finland -1.9 6.2 4.5
France -0.6 4.2 5.7
Germany -2.9 8.9 2.8
Greece .. .. ..
Iceland 17.1 15.1 32.6
Ireland -12.3 3.0 9.3
Italy -10.8 3.3 4.4
Japan 8.4 2.2 1.5
Korea -6.1 7.7 6.5
Mexico -0.4 7.8 6.2
Netherlands 0.4 2.0 4.0
New Zealand 11.0 12.2 4.8
Norway 8.8 -10.5 8.6
Spain 3.0 3.3 5.9
Sweden 2.3 6.8 6.9
Switzerland -3.0 2.4 4.7
United Kingdom 2.7 2.7 5.9
United States 5.5 10.4 6.4
Earn area -2.2 5.0 4.7
European Union -1.7 5.0 4.8
Total OECD 2.8 6.7 5.1
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95, has
been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries, both
with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. Moreover, some
countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate real GDP
and expenditures components. Some countries, United States, Canada and
France use hedonic price indices to deflate current-price values of
investment in certain information and communication technology products
such as computers. See Table "National Account Reporting Systems and
Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical Annex. National account
data do not always have a sectoral breakdown of investment
expenditures, and for some countries data are estimated by the OECD.
See also OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods.
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 7. Real gross private residential fixed capital formation
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 2.4 -10.8 -5.7 11.4 12.8
Austria 1.0 -8.2 9.4 10.7 4.3
Belgium -0.6 8.3 -9.0 4.9 1.8
Canada 3.9 10.5 -14.8 7.1 -3.4
Denmark -2.6 -11.3 -10.1 0.1 6.3
Finland 2.5 -5.9 -16.5 -17.8 -8.8
France -0.3 -1.7 -6.9 -3.7 -5.2
Germany 3.2 7.6 7.4 10.8 4.7
Greece 5.8 5.5 -0.3 -15.6 -10.5
Iceland 0.7 -0.6 -3.7 -3.4 -5.2
Ireland -0.1 -0.6 1.1 8.1 -11.7
Italy 0.2 3.5 3.3 1.2 -1.5
Japan 2.0 3.6 -5.4 -5.8 1.1
Korea 7.8 60.1 10.8 -7.3 11.2
Mexico 2.8 4.4 7.6 2.9 5.2
Netherlands 0.9 -3.2 -4.7 6.9 1.2
New Zealand 4.2 2.4 -15.5 3.8 17.1
Norway -0.7 -17.8 -15.2 -9.2 -0.8
Spain 1.2 6.4 -3.7 -4.0 -4.1
Sweden 1.3 7.2 -2.4 -11.6 -33.5
Switzerland 4.1 -3.4 -7.7 -1.6 5.8
United Kingdom 2.2 -17.4 -16.4 -1.4 9.0
United States 0.4 -8.6 -12.8 16.3 7.3
Euro area 0.9 2.9 0.1 2.9 0.1
European Union 1.3 -0.2 -2.6 1.6 0.1
Total OECD 1.8 -1.7 -6.8 6.1 3.6
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia 12.1 -7.6 -10.6 15.3 14.9
Austria 7.7 13.1 2.4 -1.7 -2.5
Belgium 5.5 4.3 -8.2 10.4 0.2
Canada 4.1 -14.8 9.6 8.2 -3.5
Denmark 8.9 8.0 5.8 7.1 4.2
Finland -6.0 4.6 5.8 25.1 7.0
France 4.4 2.1 0.5 0.9 3.8
Germany 12.0 0.4 -0.2 0.4 0.3
Greece -11.3 2.6 -1.2 6.6 8.8
Iceland 4.1 -8.7 7.1 -9.3 1.3
Ireland 23.6 14.9 18.4 16.1 5.8
Italy -2.2 0.0 -1.6 -2.8 -0.7
Japan 7.2 -4.7 11.8 -12.0 -14.3
Korea -1.7 8.3 1.5 -6.3 -7.9
Mexico 4.0 -7.9 2.5 4.5 3.4
Netherlands 7.6 1.3 3.9 5.3 1.4
New Zealand 13.1 3.3 5.8 6.8 -14.2
Norway 24.5 10.6 2.9 12.1 7.8
Spain 0.4 7.1 9.3 3.0 10.2
Sweden -34.1 -23.9 8.9 -11.5 -0.6
Switzerland 19.3 0.0 -10.2 -4.0 -0.6
United Kingdom 1.9 -3.8 8.2 4.5 -4.3
United States 9.7 -3.6 7.4 2.0 8.0
Euro area 6.3 1.8 0.6 1.3 1.9
European Union 3.6 0.6 2.3 1.7 1.2
Total OECD 6.7 -2.4 5.5 0.2 1.3
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 5.1 3.6 -10.2 24.7 3.1
Austria -2.5 -5.2 -10.5 -6.2 -1.1
Belgium 5.7 0.9 -0.6 -3.3 1.1
Canada 3.6 5.2 10.3 14.2 5.9
Denmark -1.0 9.8 -14.2 6.6 7.1
Finland 8.2 3.4 -10.6 2.3 5.4
France 7.0 3.4 0.8 0.8 1.1
Germany 1.6 -2.6 -6.2 -5.7 -3.7
Greece 3.8 4.3 4.8 8.8 4.9
Iceland 0.3 15.2 17.8 5.2 1.1
Ireland 11.3 15.5 -6.1 6.0 1.9
Italy 1.9 5.5 1.6 0.9 1.8
Japan 0.2 0.7 -5.4 -4.8 -1.9
Korea -16.5 -10.0 11.5 14.5 2.9
Mexico 2.9 5.2 -4.8 0.0 -11.1
Netherlands 4.2 0.3 0.8 -3.7 1.0
New Zealand 9.3 0.2 -9.8 20.4 20.0
Norway 3.0 5.6 3.7 -4.2 -5.0
Spain 9.9 7.4 0.9 4.2 4.3
Sweden 10.8 10.0 3.6 10.4 -0.2
Switzerland 0.8 2.5 -4.7 1.2 0.4
United Kingdom 0.3 -0.5 0.9 16.1 1.0
United States 6.7 1.1 0.3 3.9 8.5
Euro area 3.8 1.2 -2.4 -1.4 0.1
European Union 3.6 1.8 -1.4 1.9 0.4
Total OECD 3.7 1.4 -0.9 2.8 3.1
Fourth quarter
2004 2005 2003 2004 2005
Australia -5.2 0.9 -6.0 -3.8 3.0
Austria 1.7 3.1 -0.5 2.7 3.2
Belgium 1.5 2.0 2.8 1.2 2.3
Canada 2.9 -0.1 3.7 1.6 0.1
Denmark 2.7 1.9 8.5 2.5 1.4
Finland 2.5 2.3 3.5 2.8 2.1
France 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.4
Germany -0.5 0.2 -4.1 1.0 0.5
Greece 3.9 3.4 .. .. ..
Iceland 4.3 2.6 4.4 0.5 3.6
Ireland 1.3 2.6 -0.9 2.6 2.5
Italy 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.4
Japan -1.4 -2.0 -1.3 -2.0 -2.0
Korea 2.5 6.0 0.2 7.6 4.8
Mexico 4.7 6.4 -0.6 6.0 6.8
Netherlands 3.8 3.0 4.8 2.6 3.5
New Zealand -4.8 -5.1 14.7 -13.7 1.3
Norway 1.8 2.5 -0.9 1.9 2.7
Spain 5.0 4.9 -1.8 8.9 1.4
Sweden 5.0 9.0 0.5 9.2 8.6
Switzerland 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.9 1.1
United Kingdom 4.9 4.3 -3.6 5.0 3.6
United States 5.3 1.9 10.0 2.7 1.5
Euro area 1.8 1.9 -0.3 2.7 1.6
European Union 2.4 2.4 -0.4 3.0 2.1
Total OECD 2.8 1.6 3.4 2.1 1.4
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95,
has been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries,
both with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. Moreover, some
countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate real
GDP and expenditures components. See Table "National Account
Reporting Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical
Annex and OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 8. Real total domestic demand
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 3.7 -0.6 -2.0 2.5 3.0
Austria 1.9 4.5 3.2 2.1 0.7
Belgium 1.8 3.2 1.8 1.8 -0.9
Canada 3.2 -0.5 -1.9 0.3 1.4
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 0.9 -0.7 -0.1 0.9 -0.3
Finland 3.9 -1.7 -8.4 -6.0 -5.8
France 2.3 2.7 0.5 0.6 -1.7
Germany 1.5 4.7 4.4 2.5 -1.0
Greece 1.2 2.2 3.5 -0.5 -1.0
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 3.0 1.5 1.9 -4.5 -3.7
Ireland 0.8 6.5 0.1 -0.5 1.1
Italy 2.8 2.7 2.1 0.8 -5.1
Japan 3.7 5.2 2.9 0.6 0.2
Korea 6.9 12.8 10.4 3.2 4.6
Luxembourg 4.0 4.5 8.5 -4.3 5.5
Mexico 1.6 7.0 5.7 6.0 1.1
Netherlands 1.4 3.1 2.0 1.3 -1.7
New Zealand 2.5 0.2 -6.2 2.0 4.8
Norway 1.7 0.2 1.5 2.1 3.2
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 3.2 5.3 6.1 3.4 -2.1
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 3.1 4.6 3.0 1.0 -3.3
Sweden 2.0 0.7 -1.6 -1.9 -4.6
Switzerland 2.4 3.9 -1.0 -2.4 -1.0
Turkey 3.8 14.6 -0.6 5.6 14.2
United Kingdom 2.9 0.0 2.1 0.8 2.1
United States 3.0 1.4 -1.1 3.1 3.3
Euro area 2.2 3.5 2.3 1.2 -2.1
European Union 2.3 2.9 1.6 1.1 -1.6
Total OECD 2.9 3.0 0.9 2.0 1.1
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia 4.9 4.4 3.1 3.2 6.9
Austria 3.2 3.0 1.9 1.4 3.0
Belgium 2.1 2.2 0.9 2.8 3.2
Canada 3.4 1.8 1.3 6.2 2.5
Czech Republic 6.3 8.4 7.3 -0.7 -2.4
Denmark 7.0 4.2 2.2 4.9 4.0
Finland 3.5 4.2 2.5 5.9 5.3
France 2.0 1.7 0.7 0.7 4.2
Germany 2.3 1.7 0.3 0.7 2.2
Greece 1.1 3.5 3.3 3.5 4.5
Hungary 1.9 -3.5 0.6 4.0 8.2
Iceland 2.2 2.2 7.0 5.7 13.5
Ireland 5.6 7.4 7.9 10.1 9.4
Italy 1.7 2.0 0.8 2.7 3.1
Japan 1.2 2.5 3.9 0.9 -1.5
Korea 9.6 9.3 7.8 -0.8 -19.8
Luxembourg 2.4 1.0 5.0 6.6 7.3
Mexico 5.6 -14.0 5.6 9.6 6.1
Netherlands 2.3 3.6 2.8 3.9 4.8
New Zealand 7.1 5.4 4.6 2.6 -0.6
Norway 4.3 4.8 4.0 6.6 5.7
Poland 4.2 7.4 8.7 10.3 6.4
Portugal 1.5 4.1 3.0 5.1 6.7
Slovak Republic -4.5 10.3 17.9 3.8 6.9
Spain 1.5 3.1 1.9 3.5 5.7
Sweden 3.1 2.3 0.9 1.2 4.3
Switzerland 2.5 1.9 0.1 0.8 3.5
Turkey -12.5 11.4 7.6 9.0 0.6
United Kingdom 3.5 1.7 3.0 3.6 4.9
United States 4.4 2.5 3.7 4.7 5.4
Euro area 2.1 2.1 1.0 1.9 3.5
European Union 2.4 2.2 1.4 2.3 3.9
Total OECD 3.1 2.4 3.1 3.4 3.1
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 5.4 2.0 1.6 5.8 5.3
Austria 3.1 2.7 -0.1 -0.3 0.7
Belgium 2.4 3.4 0.5 1.0 1.7
Canada 4.3 4.8 1.4 3.8 4.1
Czech Republic 0.3 4.0 5.1 3.4 3.5
Denmark 0.1 1.9 0.9 1.2 -0.1
Finland 1.6 3.6 1.8 1.4 2.1
France 3.7 4.5 2.0 1.1 1.1
Germany 2.7 2.0 -0.7 -1.6 0.8
Greece 3.8 3.8 2.9 3.9 4.1
Hungary 4.1 5.3 1.9 5.1 5.7
Iceland 4.1 6.8 -3.4 -2.4 4.7
Ireland 8.7 8.6 4.4 2.9 1.4
Italy 3.2 2.4 1.7 1.1 1.7
Japan 0.2 2.4 1.1 -0.5 2.3
Korea 14.7 8.1 2.2 5.7 0.4
Luxembourg 6.3 5.0 4.2 -0.7 1.8
Mexico 4.3 8.3 0.4 1.0 1.0
Netherlands 4.3 2.6 1.7 0.0 -0.6
New Zealand 5.8 1.9 1.9 5.0 4.9
Norway 0.3 2.4 0.4 2.1 2.0
Poland 4.8 2.8 -1.6 1.0 2.6
Portugal 5.9 2.9 1.3 -0.5 -3.0
Slovak Republic -6.2 0.0 7.2 4.0 0.3
Spain 5.6 4.5 3.0 2.6 3.3
Sweden 3.5 4.1 0.0 0.6 1.3
Switzerland 2.5 2.5 0.7 -1.2 -1.4
Turkey -3.7 9.8 -18.5 9.2 6.4
United Kingdom 3.8 3.8 2.7 2.9 2.4
United States 5.0 4.4 0.4 3.0 3.1
Euro area 3.4 3.1 1.1 0.4 1.2
European Union 3.5 3.2 1.3 0.8 1.4
Total OECD 3.8 3.9 0.6 1.9 2.4
Fourth quarter
2004 2005 2003 2004 2005
Australia 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.5
Austria 2.1 2.6 1.3 2.3 2.7
Belgium 2.0 2.5 1.0 1.9 3.1
Canada 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.2
Czech Republic 3.0 3.3 .. .. ..
Denmark 1.9 2.5 0.4 2.5 2.5
Finland 2.1 2.7 0.2 3.2 2.4
France 1.7 2.4 1.5 2.1 2.5
Germany 1.2 2.0 0.9 1.6 2.2
Greece 4.0 3.3 .. .. ..
Hungary 2.6 3.9 .. .. ..
Iceland 4.3 6.9 2.8 9.0 5.2
Ireland 2.1 4.4 0.9 3.3 5.0
Italy 1.8 2.2 1.4 2.1 2.2
Japan 1.1 1.1 2.1 0.8 1.2
Korea 2.8 4.6 -0.4 5.0 4.7
Luxembourg 2.0 2.6 .. .. ..
Mexico 3.9 4.5 2.0 4.0 4.7
Netherlands 0.4 2.2 -0.4 0.9 2.7
New Zealand 4.2 3.0 5.5 2.6 3.4
Norway 3.5 2.0 3.2 1.1 3.2
Poland 3.2 4.0 .. .. ..
Portugal 0.9 2.6 -0.9 1.7 2.9
Slovak Republic 3.0 4.8 .. .. ..
Spain 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.7 3.8
Sweden 2.1 2.7 0.7 2.4 2.9
Switzerland 1.3 2.0 -0.8 1.9 1.9
Turkey 5.6 5.8 .. .. ..
United Kingdom 3.0 3.1 2.0 3.0 3.3
United States 4.3 3.8 3.7 4.1 3.6
Euro area 1.8 2.4 1.3 2.1 2.6
European Union 2.0 2.5 1.4 2.2 2.7
Total OECD 2.9 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95,
has been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries,
both with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. Moreover, some
countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate real
GDP and expenditures components. See Table "National Account Reporting
Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical Annex and
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 9. Real exports of goods and services
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 4.8 8.5 13.1 5.4 8.0
Austria 4.5 7.8 5.2 1.5 -1.4
Belgium 4.2 4.6 2.8 2.4 0.9
Canada 4.9 4.7 1.8 7.2 10.8
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 5.0 6.2 6.1 -0.9 -1.5
Finland 3.2 1.5 -7.4 10.1 16.3
France 4.1 4.8 5.5 5.3 -0.1
Germany 4.6 13.2 12.9 -2.0 -5.4
Greece 2.8 -3.5 4.1 10.0 -2.6
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 2.8 0.0 -7.2 -2.0 7.0
Ireland 8.3 8.7 5.7 13.9 9.7
Italy 2.8 7.5 -1.4 7.3 9.0
Japan 6.1 7.0 4.1 3.9 -0.1
Korea 11.3 4.1 11.2 11.3 11.3
Luxembourg 5.3 5.6 9.2 2.7 4.8
Mexico 7.9 5.3 5.1 5.0 8.1
Netherlands 4.2 5.6 5.6 1.8 4.8
New Zealand 4.2 4.9 10.8 3.7 4.6
Norway 4.9 8.6 6.1 4.7 3.2
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 7.1 9.5 1.2 3.2 -3.3
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 5.1 4.7 8.3 7.5 7.8
Sweden 4.0 1.8 -1.9 2.2 8.3
Switzerland 3.5 2.6 -0.7 3.1 1.0
Turkey 15.2 2.6 3.7 11.0 7.7
United Kingdom 2.9 0.5 -0.1 4.3 4.4
United States 5.8 8.7 6.5 6.2 3.3
Total OECD 5.6 7.4 5.5 5.1 3.1
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia 9.0 5.0 10.6 11.5 -0.2
Austria 5.6 3.0 5.2 12.4 8.1
Belgium 9.0 4.7 2.3 6.1 5.7
Canada 12.7 8.5 5.6 8.3 9.1
Czech Republic 0.2 16.7 8.2 9.2 10.0
Denmark 7.0 2.9 4.3 4.1 4.3
Finland 13.6 8.5 5.7 13.7 9.2
France 7.9 7.7 3.2 12.0 8.3
Germany 7.7 6.0 5.3 11.4 6.4
Greece 7.4 3.0 3.5 20.0 5.3
Hungary 13.7 13.4 8.4 26.4 16.7
Iceland 9.9 -2.1 9.8 5.8 2.0
Ireland 15.1 20.0 12.2 17.4 21.0
Italy 9.8 12.6 0.6 6.4 3.4
Japan 3.5 4.1 6.5 11.3 -2.3
Korea 16.1 24.6 11.2 21.4 14.1
Luxembourg 7.7 4.6 5.8 14.8 14.1
Mexico 17.8 30.2 18.2 10.7 12.1
Netherlands 9.7 8.8 4.6 8.8 7.4
New Zealand 10.0 3.8 3.7 3.9 1.8
Norway 8.4 4.9 10.2 7.7 0.6
Poland 13.1 22.9 12.0 12.2 14.3
Portugal 8.4 8.8 7.1 7.1 9.1
Slovak Republic 12.2 4.8 -1.3 19.0 13.2
Spain 16.7 9.4 10.4 15.3 8.2
Sweden 14.1 11.5 3.7 13.8 8.6
Switzerland 2.7 2.8 2.4 8.4 5.4
Turkey 15.2 8.0 22.0 19.1 12.0
United Kingdom 9.2 9.3 8.6 8.4 2.8
United States 8.9 10.3 8.2 12.3 2.1
Total OECD 9.0 9.6 7.4 11.6 4.1
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 4.6 10.8 1.4 -0.1 -2.7
Austria 8.5 13.4 7.5 3.7 0.1
Belgium 5.4 8.6 1.3 0.8 -1.3
Canada 10.7 8.8 -3.1 -0.1 -1.8
Czech Republic 6.1 17.0 11.9 2.8 6.2
Denmark 12.3 13.0 3.0 5.8 1.9
Finland 6.5 19.3 -0.8 4.9 1.8
France 4.2 13.4 1.8 1.3 -2.2
Germany 5.1 14.4 6.1 3.4 0.3
Greece 18.1 14.1 -1.1 -7.7 1.1
Hungary 13.1 21.8 8.8 3.8 4.3
Iceland 4.0 5.0 7.7 3.7 0.0
Ireland 15.2 20.6 8.3 6.2 -6.9
Italy 0.1 11.7 1.1 -1.0 -2.6
Japan 1.5 12.3 -6.0 8.1 7.5
Korea 15.8 20.5 0.7 14.9 13.8
Luxembourg 14.8 16.8 2.6 -0.3 1.2
Mexico 12.4 16.4 -3.6 1.4 -0.3
Netherlands 5.1 11.3 1.7 0.1 -0.5
New Zealand 8.0 6.5 2.4 5.8 1.2
Norway 2.8 4.0 4.1 -0.5 -0.8
Poland -2.6 23.2 3.1 4.8 9.8
Portugal 2.9 7.8 1.8 2.1 3.3
Slovak Republic 5.2 13.8 6.5 5.9 19.8
Spain 7.7 10.0 3.6 0.0 4.1
Sweden 7.4 11.3 -0.8 0.4 5.0
Switzerland 5.1 10.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.5
Turkey -7.0 19.2 7.4 11.0 11.2
United Kingdom 4.3 9.4 2.5 -0.9 -0.9
United States 3.4 9.7 -5.4 -1.6 1.4
Total OECD 4.3 11.8 -1.5 1.6 2.1
Fourth quarter
2004 2005 2003 2004 2005
Australia 7.1 9.1 -2.5 10.6 8.1
Austria 3.7 6.8 0.5 6.2 6.9
Belgium 4.7 6.9 -2.0 7.2 6.9
Canada 5.0 6.6 -0.2 6.7 6.2
Czech Republic 9.2 9.5 .. .. ..
Denmark 6.1 7.0 3.8 7.1 6.8
Finland 8.6 9.9 3.2 9.4 9.7
France 4.6 7.1 -1.9 6.6 7.4
Germany 4.6 7.2 -0.6 6.4 7.6
Greece 6.6 7.5 2.4 6.1 8.5
Hungary 7.2 9.0 .. .. ..
Iceland 4.8 5.0 1.6 4.7 5.8
Ireland 4.0 7.4 1.2 4.7 8.5
Italy 4.9 5.6 -3.2 5.4 5.5
Japan 9.5 9.8 5.3 10.3 9.7
Korea 13.1 12.2 10.0 13.1 11.6
Luxembourg 3.9 5.9 .. .. ..
Mexico 6.5 7.8 1.4 7.7 7.9
Netherlands 2.6 5.2 -0.7 4.0 5.7
New Zealand 3.5 6.7 -1.7 6.5 6.5
Norway 2.2 3.2 1.8 1.7 4.1
Poland 10.5 11.5 .. .. ..
Portugal 5.1 6.6 4.4 6.7 6.5
Slovak Republic 9.3 9.0 .. .. ..
Spain 5.2 7.2 0.9 7.1 7.2
Sweden 5.0 6.6 7.9 7.4 6.2
Switzerland 3.8 5.9 0.6 3.9 7.1
Turkey 10.9 11.2 .. .. ..
United Kingdom 6.5 8.0 3.5 8.2 7.8
United States 8.5 8.7 3.8 9.3 8.2
Total OECD 7.3 8.3 2.8 8.4 8.1
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95,
has been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries,
both with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence there are breaks in many national series. Moreover, some
countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate real GDP
and expenditures components. See Table "National Account Reporting
Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical Annex and
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 10. Real imports of goods and services
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 6.9 -4.0 -2.4 7.1 4.2
Austria 3.4 6.9 5.8 1.4 -1.1
Belgium 3.5 4.8 2.8 3.2 0.5
Canada 6.3 2.0 2.5 4.7 7.4
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 3.3 1.2 3.0 -0.4 -2.7
Finland 5.1 -0.6 -12.9 0.5 1.5
France 4.7 5.5 2.4 1.7 -3.8
Germany 3.2 10.7 12.2 0.4 -5.4
Greece 5.1 8.4 5.8 1.1 0.6
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 2.3 1.0 4.1 -5.9 -7.7
Ireland 4.1 5.1 2.4 8.2 7.5
Italy 5.0 11.5 2.3 7.4 -10.9
Japan 4.2 7.0 -1.1 -0.7 -1.4
Korea 9.0 13.9 19.2 5.3 6.2
Luxembourg 5.0 5.0 9.1 -3.1 5.2
Mexico 2.7 19.7 15.2 19.6 1.9
Netherlands 3.2 3.8 4.9 1.5 0.3
New Zealand 4.0 3.6 -5.2 8.3 5.3
Norway 2.5 2.5 0.5 1.6 4.9
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 6.4 14.5 7.2 10.7 -3.3
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 8.1 9.6 10.3 6.8 -5.2
Sweden 3.7 0.7 -4.9 1.5 -2.2
Switzerland 4.5 3.0 -1.4 -3.7 -0.5
Turkey 12.6 33.0 -5.2 10.9 35.8
United Kingdom 5.1 0.5 -4.5 6.8 3.3
United States 5.8 3.8 -0.5 6.6 9.1
Total OECD 5.5 6.5 2.0 4.8 3.0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia 14.3 7.9 8.3 10.5 6.0
Austria 8.2 5.6 4.9 12.0 5.7
Belgium 7.3 4.7 2.4 4.9 7.3
Canada 8.0 5.7 5.1 14.2 5.1
Czech Republic 7.6 21.2 13.4 8.1 6.6
Denmark 12.3 7.3 3.5 10.0 8.9
Finland 12.4 7.4 5.9 11.2 7.9
France 8.6 7.6 1.6 7.3 11.6
Germany 7.4 5.8 3.3 8.4 8.6
Greece 1.5 8.9 7.0 14.2 9.2
Hungary 8.8 -0.7 6.2 24.6 22.8
Iceland 4.2 4.0 16.7 8.5 23.4
Ireland 15.5 16.4 12.5 16.8 25.5
Italy 8.1 9.7 -0.3 10.1 8.9
Japan 7.8 12.8 13.2 1.2 -6.8
Korea 21.6 22.4 14.2 3.2 -22.1
Luxembourg 6.7 4.2 7.6 13.9 15.3
Mexico 21.3 -15.0 22.9 22.7 16.6
Netherlands 9.4 10.5 4.4 9.5 8.5
New Zealand 13.1 9.0 7.7 2.2 1.4
Norway 5.8 5.7 8.8 12.4 8.5
Poland 11.3 24.2 28.0 21.4 18.5
Portugal 8.8 7.4 4.9 10.0 14.2
Slovak Republic -5.4 11.5 19.8 13.8 16.9
Spain 11.4 11.1 8.0 13.3 13.2
Sweden 12.2 7.2 3.0 12.5 11.3
Switzerland 8.9 6.9 1.9 6.1 8.3
Turkey -21.9 29.6 20.5 22.4 2.3
United Kingdom 5.8 5.6 9.7 9.8 9.3
United States 12.0 8.2 8.6 13.7 11.8
Total OECD 9.8 8.8 8.6 10.6 7.4
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 9.2 7.1 -4.1 12.0 9.4
Austria 9.0 11.6 5.9 1.2 1.0
Belgium 4.5 8.4 1.1 1.1 -0.2
Canada 7.8 8.0 -5.0 0.6 3.8
Czech Republic 5.4 17.0 13.6 4.3 6.9
Denmark 5.5 11.3 1.9 4.2 0.8
Finland 3.5 16.9 0.2 1.3 0.9
France 6.2 15.3 1.4 0.8 1.2
Germany 8.1 11.0 1.2 -1.6 2.9
Greece 15.0 8.9 -3.4 -4.7 2.4
Hungary 12.3 21.1 6.1 6.1 7.7
Iceland 4.2 8.0 -9.0 -2.3 6.5
Ireland 12.1 21.3 6.5 2.3 -9.7
Italy 5.6 8.9 1.0 1.5 1.6
Japan 3.0 9.4 0.1 2.0 4.5
Korea 28.8 20.0 -3.0 16.4 13.2
Luxembourg 14.6 14.8 4.8 -1.6 1.6
Mexico 14.1 21.5 -1.5 1.6 -1.7
Netherlands 5.8 10.5 2.4 -0.2 -0.5
New Zealand 11.9 0.2 1.6 8.8 9.1
Norway -1.8 2.7 0.9 1.7 2.5
Poland 1.0 15.6 -5.4 2.6 7.3
Portugal 8.5 5.5 0.9 -0.4 -3.0
Slovak Republic -6.3 10.2 11.7 5.3 14.7
Spain 12.6 10.6 4.0 1.8 7.1
Sweden 4.9 11.5 -3.5 -2.7 5.2
Switzerland 7.4 8.4 -0.3 -3.5 -2.4
Turkey -3.7 25.4 -24.8 15.7 16.6
United Kingdom 7.9 9.1 4.5 3.6 1.1
United States 10.9 13.2 -2.9 3.7 3.6
Total OECD 8.5 12.2 -1.0 2.9 3.6
Fourth quarter
2004 2005 2003 2004 2005
Australia 6.8 7.7 4.2 7.6 7.7
Austria 3.8 7.4 1.5 6.1 7.5
Belgium 4.9 6.7 -1.0 6.1 7.0
Canada 6.2 7.3 3.6 7.8 6.6
Czech Republic 8.6 8.9 .. .. ..
Denmark 5.5 7.2 2.2 7.7 6.8
Finland 8.1 9.0 4.4 8.6 9.0
France 5.0 7.2 2.1 6.3 7.5
Germany 4.4 7.1 1.4 6.5 7.3
Greece 5.7 5.3 4.2 3.9 6.3
Hungary 6.0 8.9 .. .. ..
Iceland 7.1 8.5 7.7 8.0 8.2
Ireland 2.6 7.7 -2.1 5.0 8.4
Italy 5.5 5.8 0.0 5.7 5.7
Japan 5.2 5.1 3.4 4.8 5.2
Korea 13.5 13.9 11.7 13.3 14.2
Luxembourg 4.1 6.0 .. .. ..
Mexico 7.2 8.4 0.2 8.5 8.5
Netherlands 1.8 5.7 -1.7 4.1 6.5
New Zealand 7.1 6.7 7.3 6.7 6.7
Norway 4.0 3.9 3.5 2.5 5.2
Poland 9.0 9.5 .. .. ..
Portugal 3.1 6.1 -0.2 5.0 6.4
Slovak Republic 8.0 9.5 .. .. ..
Spain 7.6 8.3 3.7 8.5 8.6
Sweden 4.8 6.9 6.1 6.7 6.9
Switzerland 4.4 6.5 -0.3 6.0 7.1
Turkey 13.3 12.6 .. .. ..
United Kingdom 7.0 8.0 3.0 8.1 8.1
United States 7.3 7.1 2.9 7.7 6.8
Total OECD 6.5 7.1 3.0 7.3 7.0
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95,
has been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries,
both with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence there are breaks in many national series. Moreover, some
countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate real GDP
and expenditures components. See Table "National Account Reporting
Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical Annex and
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 11. Output gaps
Deviations of actual GDP from potential GDP as a per cent of
potential GDP
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia -1.5 -0.3 0.2 0.6 -1.7
Austria -2.6 -2.8 -1.4 0.4 2.3
Belgium -3.0 -2.1 0.5 1.8 2.5
Canada -0.1 1.6 3.9 3.7 1.3
Denmark 3.4 1.8 1.0 -0.2 -0.8
Finland -0.5 1.4 3.8 6.1 3.5
France -3.9 -3.2 -1.0 1.1 1.7
Germany 1.0 0.8 2.3 2.9 5.4
Greece -1.1 -4.2 -1.1 1.4 -0.1
Iceland 0.7 6.0 2.4 0.3 0.0
Ireland -4.6 -3.5 -1.7 0.4 3.9
Italy -2.0 -1.3 0.7 1.5 1.3
Japan -2.1 -1.8 0.7 1.9 3.7
Netherlands -0.8 -1.2 -0.9 1.2 2.7
New Zealand 2.7 1.7 -0.3 -0.6 -2.4
Norway (a) 3.5 2.2 -1.1 -4.1 -4.3
Portugal -8.3 -4.8 -0.6 2.7 3.5
Spain -3.2 -1.1 1.2 2.5 3.0
Sweden 2.6 3.9 4.6 5.0 3.6
Switzerland 3.8 2.4 3.3 5.4 4.4
United Kingdom -0.5 2.0 4.7 4.5 2.7
United States -0.7 -0.4 0.9 1.7 0.5
Euro area -1.5 -1.0 0.8 2.2 3.2
European Union -1.4 -0.6 1.3 2.4 2.9
Total OECD -1.1 -0.5 1.1 2.0 1.9
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia -5.1 -5.2 -3.8 -1.8 1.1
Austria 2.6 2.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.4
Belgium 1.7 0.6 2.3 -1.5 -1.2
Canada -2.9 -4.1 -3.8 -1.4 -1.2
Denmark -1.2 -2.0 -3.5 -0.3 0.0
Finland -4.3 -9.1 -11.2 -9.0 -7.3
France 0.7 0.1 -2.5 -2.3 -2.4
Germany 2.3 1.3 -1.9 -1.4 -1.1
Greece 0.6 -0.8 -4.1 -4.0 -3.9
Iceland -2.8 -7.6 -7.8 -5.1 -5.9
Ireland 0.5 -1.8 -4.4 -4.7 -2.3
Italy 0.6 -0.6 -3.2 -2.3 -1.0
Japan 3.4 1.5 -0.3 -0.9 -0.9
Netherlands 2.3 1.0 -0.7 -0.3 0.2
New Zealand -5.5 -5.8 -2.6 0.5 1.2
Norway (a) -3.4 -2.7 -2.1 -1.2 -0.5
Portugal 4.7 2.6 -2.2 -3.7 -2.0
Spain 2.5 0.3 -3.5 -3.7 -3.9
Sweden 0.3 -3.3 -6.2 -4.3 -2.6
Switzerland 1.2 -0.5 -1.8 -2.1 -2.2
United Kingdom -1.4 -3.5 -3.8 -2.0 -1.6
United States -2.5 -1.9 -1.8 -0.5 -0.6
Euro area 1.6 0.4 -2.5 -2.1 -1.7
European Union 1.0 -0.4 -2.9 -2.2 -1.7
Total OECD -0.3 -0.9 -2.1 -1.3 -1.1
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia 0.0 -0.4 1.3 1.9 1.2
Austria -0.3 0.3 1.3 1.6 2.5
Belgium -2.3 -0.7 -0.4 0.8 2.5
Canada -2.3 -1.6 -1.3 0.6 2.2
Denmark 0.3 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.7
Finland -5.8 -2.9 -1.2 -1.0 1.2
France -3.5 -3.8 -2.5 -1.5 0.5
Germany -1.8 2.0 -1.6 1.1 0.3
Greece -3.9 -2.8 2.8 -2.6 -1.7
Iceland -2.8 -0.5 1.6 2.2 4.1
Ireland -1.8 1.0 -0.5 3.7 6.8
Italy -1.5 -1.1 -0.9 -0.9 0.5
Japan 0.9 1.5 -1.2 -2.5 -1.1
Netherlands 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.1 3.7
New Zealand 1.5 0.3 -2.5 -1.1 0.4
Norway (a) 0.5 2.0 3.0 2.8 2.5
Portugal -0.8 0.3 1.8 2.4 2.5
Spain -4.5 -3.3 -1.8 -0.5 0.5
Sweden -3.3 -2.8 -1.4 0.7 2.3
Switzerland -2.6 -1.6 0.0 -0.3 1.1
United Kingdom -1.5 -0.6 -0.1 0.0 1.2
United States -0.1 0.9 1.8 2.5 2.2
Euro area -2.3 -2.0 -1.3 -0.6 0.9
European Union -2.2 -1.8 -1.0 -0.4 0.9
Total OECD -0.8 -0.2 0.1 0.5 1.2
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 0.4 0.3 -1.0 -1.1 -0.7
Austria 0.8 -0.1 -1.4 -1.9 -1.5
Belgium 0.8 -0.8 -1.9 -2.1 -1.4
Canada 0.5 0.7 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3
Denmark 0.6 0.4 -12.0 -1.0 -0.4
Finland -0.5 -1.0 -2.6 -1.5 -0.3
France 0.3 -0.4 -2.4 -2.8 -2.6
Germany -0.4 -1.7 -3.3 -3.5 -2.9
Greece -0.6 0.0 0.8 1.3 1.3
Iceland 3.8 1.1 0.0 0.2 1.1
Ireland 6.1 6.4 2.9 1.2 1.3
Italy 0.5 -0.9 -1.8 -1.7 -1.0
Japan -2.2 -3.2 -1.9 -1.5 -1.0
Netherlands 2.4 0.3 -1.6 -2.8 -2.4
New Zealand 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.0
Norway (a) 1.7 0.7 -0.7 -0.1 0.0
Portugal 1.1 1.1 -3.4 -3.5 -2.7
Spain 0.3 -0.4 -0.8 -0.6 -0.1
Sweden 0.6 0.3 -0.5 -0.4 0.1
Switzerland 0.6 -0.5 -2.2 -2.0 -1.4
United Kingdom 0.5 -0.5 -1.1 -0.9 -0.4
United States -1.0 -1.3 -1.5 -0.3 0.4
Euro area 0.3 -0.8 -2.2 -2.4 -1.9
European Union 0.4 -0.7 -2.0 -2.1 -1.5
Total OECD -0.5 -1.2 -1.7 -1.2 -0.6
Note: Potential output for all countries except Portugal is calculated
using the "production function method" described in Giorno et al,
"Potential Output, Output Gaps, and Structural Budget Balances", OECD
Economic Studies, No. 24, 1995/I. Using this methodology, two broad
changes have been made to the calculation of potential output since
the last OECD Economic Outlook. First, the "smoothing parameters"
applied in the calculations have been standardised across the OECD
countries. Second, as was previously the case for the major seven
economies only, the calculations now incorporate trend working hours
for other Member economies also, excepting Austria and Portugal where
the data span is insufficient. Potential output for Portugal is
calculated using a Hodrick-Prescott filter of actual output. See also
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) Mainland Norway.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 12. Compensation per employee in the business sector
Percentage range from business period
Average
1976-86 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia 8.5 6.1 6.5 8.1 7.6
Austria 6.7 4.1 4.2 4.5 5.2
Belgium 7.3 2.6 2.6 5.2 6.9
Canada 7.4 6.4 7.6 5.6 4.3
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 8.8 7.4 11.3 4.7 4.1
Finland 10.3 8.1 9.6 10.7 9.0
France 11.3 4.6 4.3 4.0 3.8
Germany 4.8 3.0 2.8 2.8 4.7
Greece 20.5 10.7 20.5 22.6 16.3
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 44.7 45.8 26.1 13.4 16.1
Ireland 13.6 6.1 5.3 6.8 3.3
Italy 15.6 7.3 7.3 8.8 8.4
Japan 5.2 2.0 3.0 3.8 3.7
Korea 17.3 10.2 17.5 10.0 16.3
Luxembourg 5.8 2.1 3.8 8.5 3.1
Mexico .. .. .. 26.9 27.8
Netherlands 4.7 1.5 1.3 0.9 3.3
New Zealand 12.7 8.9 11.6 6.6 1.7
Norway 9.0 9.2 8.6 4.5 5.1
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 19.8 13.8 9.9 12.8 17.4
Spain 16.7 6.5 7.2 7.3 10.0
Sweden 9.5 7.6 8.1 12.3 9.7
Switzerland 4.9 3.3 3.6 4.6 5.2
Turkey 34.6 44.4 62.8 159.4 94.6
United Kingdom 11.1 4.7 6.6 9.0 10.0
United States 6.8 4.5 4.8 3.2 4.9
Euro area 8.0 5.0 4.6 4.9 6.1
European Union 10.6 5.1 5.6 6.3 7.0
Total OECD 8.8 5.3 6.3 8.1 8.0
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 8.3 4.6 5.3 4.8 5.8
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia 2.8 4.3 2.6 2.2 2.7
Austria 6.0 5.5 4.3 3.7 4.0
Belgium 7.1 5.1 4.2 3.8 1.7
Canada 4.9 3.2 2.3 0.5 2.3
Czech Republic .. .. .. 26.6 18.6
Denmark 4.0 4.3 2.5 3.2 3.4
Finland 4.8 1.6 1.1 4.6 4.0
France 3.9 3.7 1.9 0.7 1.4
Germany 5.7 10.4 3.6 3.0 3.3
Greece 16.3 12.7 8.7 11.7 11.8
Hungary .. .. .. .. 23.6
Iceland 15.6 0.6 -4.1 3.8 5.3
Ireland 3.2 7.8 4.9 1.7 2.8
Italy 9.0 6.2 5.2 3.1 4.8
Japan 4.4 0.7 0.5 1.3 1.1
Korea 16.2 11.2 12.1 11.3 15.4
Luxembourg 5.6 6.5 5.5 4.1 0.9
Mexico 30.0 24.1 15.2 11.4 17.7
Netherlands 4.5 4.3 3.1 2.8 1.4
New Zealand 0.1 1.7 2.5 1.7 0.0
Norway 4.4 4.6 2.8 3.1 3.2
Poland .. .. .. 45.0 30.8
Portugal 18.6 16.0 7.1 5.9 6.7
Spain 10.4 10.4 8.3 3.9 3.5
Sweden 6.2 3.2 8.5 7.2 2.3
Switzerland 6.5 4.7 2.0 3.0 2.8
Turkey 134.6 61.2 72.7 72.9 87.5
United Kingdom 8.7 4.9 4.3 4.6 3.3
United States 3.9 5.7 2.8 2.3 1.9
Euro area 6.6 8.1 5.3 3.2 3.7
European Union 1.2 7.0 4.3 3.3 3.3
Total OECD 8.5 6.9 4.8 4.8 5.1
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 5.5 5.4 3.2 2.9 2.8
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia 5.6 4.0 3.6 2.9 2.9
Austria 1.0 2.9 1.7 1.5 2.9
Belgium 1.5 2.7 1.0 3.7 1.9
Canada 2.9 5.9 2.9 3.0 4.8
Czech Republic 16.5 4.5 9.4 4.4 6.4
Denmark 2.9 3.8 4.1 3.0 3.7
Finland 2.3 2.3 5.0 2.3 4.2
France 1.6 1.6 0.7 1.9 1.9
Germany 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 2.2
Greece 11.3 11.3 4.7 6.9 5.4
Hungary 21.5 18.7 11.2 1.9 17.0
Iceland 8.1 5.7 8.7 8.9 10.7
Ireland 1.8 6.0 0.7 5.7 5.4
Italy 4.8 3.2 -0.8 2.5 2.9
Japan 0.2 1.5 -0.8 -1.1 0.4
Korea 11.1 3.1 2.5 1.6 3.4
Luxembourg 1.1 1.9 2.1 4.6 5.3
Mexico 22.9 21.6 17.5 13.5 11.5
Netherlands 1.7 2.1 3.6 2.4 4.9
New Zealand 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.2 3.2
Norway 2.9 2.5 7.4 6.3 4.3
Poland 29.3 20.5 15.2 14.2 7.1
Portugal 9.0 3.8 4.3 3.4 7.0
Spain 5.5 3.5 2.5 2.6 4.3
Sweden 6.4 4.4 3.6 0.7 6.9
Switzerland 0.7 4.1 0.6 1.6 3.4
Turkey 65.5 68.5 72.9 59.1 40.2
United Kingdom 3.3 4.2 5.9 4.8 6.3
United States 2.5 3.2 5.0 4.3 6.5
Euro area 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.2 2.4
European Union 3.0 2.6 2.1 2.5 3.5
Total OECD 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.1 5.2
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 4.3
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.8
Austria 2.4 2.2 2.2 1.7 2.2
Belgium 3.6 4.4 1.6 2.0 1.7
Canada 2.2 2.7 2.3 3.2 3.6
Czech Republic 6.9 6.7 6.9 6.3 6.1
Denmark 5.1 4.5 3.9 3.6 3.9
Finland 5.3 1.9 3.8 3.3 4.2
France 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4
Germany 1.8 1.5 2.5 1.8 1.8
Greece 5.3 7.2 5.7 6.0 6.0
Hungary 14.7 12.9 9.2 8.8 6.7
Iceland 7.8 5.6 4.8 6.1 7.0
Ireland 5.8 4.3 4.1 4.5 4.9
Italy 2.7 2.5 2.0 2.4 2.9
Japan -0.9 -1.7 0.5 0.4 0.5
Korea 6.9 9.5 8.6 4.1 5.9
Luxembourg 3.6 2.6 2.6 2.1 2.6
Mexico 9.3 5.2 5.0 4.5 4.4
Netherlands 5.5 4.7 4.3 2.3 1.3
New Zealand 0.9 2.7 3.9 4.3 4.3
Norway 7.1 5.8 4.5 4.5 4.5
Poland 10.9 5.4 3.2 2.4 2.7
Portugal 5.2 3.8 3.1 2.5 2.0
Spain 4.5 4.2 3.6 3.5 3.5
Sweden 5.2 4.1 3.0 3.4 3.7
Switzerland 2.8 2.0 1.4 0.8 0.7
Turkey 41.6 28.4 23.4 13.1 10.5
United Kingdom 5.1 3.1 3.7 3.9 4.4
United States 2.5 2.5 2.4 3.2 3.2
Euro area 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.2
European Union 3.4 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8
Total OECD 3.5 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8
Note: The business sector is in the OECD terminology defined as total
economy less the public sector. Hence business sector employees are
defined as total employees less public sector employees. See also OECD
Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) High inflation countries are defined as countries which have had
10 per cent or more inflation in terms of the GDP deflator on average
during the last 10 years based on historical data. Consequently,
Hungary, Mexico, Poland and Turkey are excluded from the aggregate.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 13. Labour productivity in the business sector
Percentage change from previous period
Average
1976-86 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia 1.4 3.1 0.8 -0.4 -0.2
Austria 2.5 1.9 3.3 3.5 3.6
Belgium 2.3 1.9 3.1 1.8 2.0
Canada 0.9 1.6 2.0 0.5 -0.5
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 1.2 0.3 -0.4 2.0 0.5
Finland 3.3 4.7 4.6 4.7 0.0
France 2.5 2.2 3.8 2.9 2.0
Germany 1.5 0.2 2.6 2.3 2.8
Greece 0.5 -2.4 2.8 3.9 -1.5
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 2.4 3.2 3.4 2.3 1.7
Ireland 3.5 4.8 6.5 6.9 4.4
Italy 2.3 2.8 3.4 3.0 1.0
Japan 2.8 3.6 5.1 3.5 3.6
Korea 5.7 5.9 7.9 2.1 6.4
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. ..
Mexico .. .. .. 1.3 2.3
Netherlands 1.6 0.0 1.4 3.1 1.8
New Zealand 0.7 0.0 3.4 4.2 -1.1
Norway 2.0 -0.7 -0.2 2.3 2.9
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 2.1 4.3 5.3 4.8 1.9
Spain 3.0 0.8 1.8 1.4 0.0
Sweden 1.7 2.7 1.4 1.4 0.1
Switzerland 0.6 -1.8 0.6 1.9 -1.9
United Kingdom 2.5 1.5 -0.2 -0.9 0.2
United States 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.6
Euro area 2.1 1.6 3.0 2.9 1.8
European Union 2.2 1.5 2.5 2.1 1.4
Total OECD 1.9 1.7 2.4 1.8 1.6
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 1.8 1.6 2.4 1.9 1.4
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia 1.6 3.5 4.1 1.6 -0.3
Austria 2.2 2.4 1.2 3.2 2.0
Belgium 1.2 1.4 -0.2 3.8 1.7
Canada -0.2 2.1 1.8 3.1 0.8
Czech Republic .. .. .. 1.5 5.4
Denmark 2.1 1.3 3.2 7.7 0.5
Finland -0.6 4.6 6.1 6.9 1.7
France 1.1 2.5 0.6 2.1 1.1
Germany 2.4 4.3 0.2 2.7 1.5
Greece 6.4 -0.9 -2.7 0.1 1.4
Hungary .. .. .. .. -2.5
Iceland -0.7 -3.6 1.0 4.0 -3.2
Ireland 2.5 3.3 1.3 2.7 5.3
Italy 0.7 1.6 2.5 3.9 3.3
Japan 1.5 -0.1 0.1 1.0 1.7
Korea 6.6 3.8 4.6 5.3 6.3
Luxembourg 4.9 0.9 2.7 1.3 -1.4
Mexico 1.5 -0.3 2.0 1.2 -6.5
Netherlands 1.0 0.3 0.7 3.5 1.7
New Zealand -0.9 -0.2 2.8 1.0 -1.6
Norway 4.7 3.5 4.0 2.2 1.1
Poland .. .. .. 9.1 6.9
Portugal 1.5 0.5 -0.2 1.2 5.7
Spain 1.6 2.8 2.1 3.2 1.0
Sweden 0.5 3.5 6.1 5.9 2.3
Switzerland -3.1 0.1 0.4 1.1 0.7
United Kingdom 1.6 2.5 2.6 3.2 1.2
United States 0.4 3.7 0.9 1.3 0.4
Euro area 1.5 2.6 1.1 3.0 1.8
European Union 1.6 2.6 1.4 3.1 1.8
Total OECD 1.1 2.6 1.3 1.9 1.2
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 1.1 2.6 1.2 2.1 1.3
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia 3.0 3.1 4.1 2.3 -0.1
Austria 3.0 1.9 3.3 1.4 3.1
Belgium 0.4 3.0 0.4 2.1 1.9
Canada 0.7 1.8 1.5 3.0 3.0
Czech Republic 4.4 -0.5 0.4 3.0 4.4
Denmark 1.8 1.7 2.8 2.1 3.2
Finland 3.2 3.3 3.1 0.7 3.2
France 0.6 1.5 2.3 1.2 1.6
Germany 1.1 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.0
Greece 3.1 4.8 -0.9 3.8 5.2
Hungary 1.4 4.7 9.4 0.5 3.5
Iceland 5.9 5.3 1.4 0.2 4.0
Ireland 4.3 7.9 -1.8 5.1 5.6
Italy 0.7 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.6
Japan 3.0 0.9 -0.8 0.6 3.2
Korea 4.8 3.6 -0.7 9.8 5.1
Luxembourg 0.6 5.6 2.7 3.1 3.6
Mexico 0.9 0.5 1.5 2.6 7.5
Netherlands 0.4 0.5 1.5 1.8 1.8
New Zealand 0.1 1.6 0.4 2.7 2.6
Norway 1.7 1.9 2.4 3.3 2.3
Poland 5.5 6.1 4.0 9.3 4.2
Portugal 3.6 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.9
Spain 1.5 1.1 0.1 0.7 0.9
Sweden 2.4 4.3 2.2 2.6 0.8
Switzerland 0.2 1.9 1.4 0.1 2.0
United Kingdom 1.1 1.0 2.0 1.5 3.0
United States 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3
Euro area 1.0 1.7 0.8 0.7 1.5
European Union 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.8
Total OECD 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.9 2.7
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 1.8 1.8 1.4 2.0 2.3
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 1.9 1.4 0.0 2.2 2.2
Austria 0.0 2.0 0.8 1.4 1.7
Belgium -1.0 L3 0.9 1.8 2.1
Canada 0.8 1.4 0.0 1.8 2.0
Czech Republic 3.2 0.8 2.8 2.9 2.5
Denmark 1.6 1.8 1.6 2.5 2.8
Finland -0.3 2.4 1.5 3.7 4.0
France 0.1 0.7 0.0 1.7 2.2
Germany 0.4 0.8 1.7 2.0 1.7
Greece 4.9 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.2
Hungary 3.7 4.2 3.2 3.4 3.4
Iceland 1.5 1.7 0.3 1.9 2.1
Ireland 3.7 6.0 0.9 2.4 3.6
Italy 0.0 -0.8 -0.5 0.8 1.0
Japan 0.8 1.5 2.8 1.5 1.8
Korea 1.2 3.7 2.9 3.8 3.7
Luxembourg -4.7 -2.1 -1.0 0.7 1.2
Mexico 1.5 -0.6 0.1 1.2 1.6
Netherlands -0.1 0.0 0.2 1.2 0.4
New Zealand 0.1 1.5 1.6 2.6 2.4
Norway 1.6 1.5 1.5 3.1 2.3
Poland 3.1 5.6 4.8 3.1 3.3
Portugal 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.6 1.1
Spain 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.2
Sweden -1.0 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.4
Switzerland -0.7 0.0 0.3 1.3 1.2
United Kingdom 15.0 1.0 1.2 2.5 2.6
United States 0.4 4.2 3.1 2.9 1.6
Euro area 0.1 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.6
European Union 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.7 1.8
Total OECD 0.4 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.8
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 0.6 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2
Note: The business sector is in the OECD terminology defined as total
economy less the public sector. Hence business sector employees are
defined as total employees less public sector employees. See also OECD
Economic Outlook Sources and methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) High inflation countries are defined as countries which have had
10 per cent or more inflation in terms of the GDP deflator on average
during the last 10 years based on historical data. Consequently,
Hungary, Mexico, Poland and Turkey are excluded from the aggregate.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 14. Unemployment rates: commonly used definitions
Per cent of labour force
2000
Unemployment 1990 1991 1992 1993
thousands
Australia 616 6.7 9.1 10.4 10.7
Austria 198 4.1 4.5 4.7 5.4
Belgium 305 6.6 6.4 7.1 8.6
Canada 1091 8.1 10.3 11.2 11.4
Czech Republic 455 .. .. .. 4.3
Denmark 126 7.2 7.9 8.6 9.6
Finland 254 3.2 6.6 11.7 16.4
France 2504 8.9 9.4 10.4 11.7
Germany 3065 4.5 5.3 6.2 7.5
Greece 494 7.0 7.7 8.7 9.7
Hungary 264 .. .. 12.1
Iceland 4 2.5 2.5 4.2 5.0
Ireland 76 12.8 14.4 15.1 15.7
Italy 2495 9.1 8.6 8.8 10.2
Japan 3201 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.5
Korea 913 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.9
Luxembourg 5 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.1
Mexico (a) 434 2.8 2.6 2.8 3.4
Netherlands 187 6.0 5.4 5.4 6.6
New Zealand 113 7.8 10.3 10.3 9.5
Norway 81 5.2 5.5 0.5 6.0
Poland 2 785 .. .. .. 14.0
Portugal 209 4.9 4.3 14.1 5.5
Slovak Republic 485 .. .. .. 12.2
Spain (b) 1 905 11.6 11.8 13.0 16.6
Sweden 204 1.7 3.0 5.3 8.2
Switzerland 106 0.5 1.9 2.9 3.8
Turkey (c) 1 449 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.5
United Kingdom 1 586 5.5 7.9 9.8 10.2
United States 5 689 5.6 6.8 7.5 6.9
Euro area 11 695 7.4 7.6 8.4 10.0
European Union 13 611 6.9 7.5 8.5 10.0
Total OECD 31 295 5.5 6.2 6.9 7.6
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia 9.4 8.3 8.2 8.3 7.8
Austria 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.7 5.7
Belgium 9.8 9.7 9.5 9.2 9.3
Canada 10.3 9.4 9.6 9.1 8.3
Czech Republic 4.4 4.1 3.9 4.8 6.5
Denmark 7.7 6.8 6.3 5.3 4.9
Finland 16.6 15.4 14.6 12.7 11.4
France 12.0 11.4 12.0 12.1 11.5
Germany 8.0 7.7 8.4 9.2 8.7
Greece 9.6 9.1 19.8 9.8 11.1
Hungary 11.0 10.4 10.1 8.9 7.9
Iceland 5.1 4.7 3.7 3.9 2.7
Ireland 14.7 12.2 11.7 10.4 7.6
Italy 11.2 11.7 11.7 11.8 11.9
Japan 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.4 4.1
Korea 2.5 2.1 2.0 2.6 7.0
Luxembourg 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.1
Mexico (a) 3.7 6.2 5.5 3.7 3.2
Netherlands 7.6 7.1 6.6 5.5 4.2
New Zealand 8.1 6.3 6.1 6.6 7.5
Norway 5.4 4.9 4.8 4.0 3.1
Poland 14.4 13.3 12.3 11.2 10.6
Portugal 6.9 7.2 7.3 6.7 5.0
Slovak Republic 13.7 13.1 11.3 11.9 12.6
Spain (b) 18.4 18.1 17.5 16.6 15.0
Sweden 8.0 7.7 8.0 8.0 6.5
Switzerland 3.7 3.3 3.8 4.0 3.4
Turkey (c) 8.2 7.3 6.4 6.6 6.7
United Kingdom 9.4 8.5 8.0 6.9 6.2
United States 6.1 5.6 5.4 4.9 4.5
Euro area 10.7 10.5 10.7 10.8 10.2
European Union 10.3 10.0 10.1 10.0 9.4
Total OECD 7.5 7.2 7.1 6.8 6.7
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 7.0 6.3 6.8 6.3 6.0
Austria 5.3 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.5
Belgium 8.6 6.9 6.7 7.3 8.2
Canada 7.6 6.8 7.2 7.6 7.8
Czech Republic 8.8 8.9 8.2 7.3 7.5
Denmark 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.5 5.5
Finland 10.3 9.8 9.1 9.1 9.2
France 10.7 9.4 8.7 9.0 9.6
Germany 8.0 7.3 7.4 8.1 8.9
Greece 11.9 11.1 10.4 10.0 9.3
Hungary 7.1 6.5 5.8 5.9 5.9
Iceland 2.0 2.3 2.3 3.3 3.3
Ireland 5.6 4.3 3.9 4.4 4.8
Italy 11.5 10.7 9.6 9.1 8.9
Japan 4.7 4.7 5.0 5.4 5.3
Korea 6.3 4.1 3.8 3.1 3.4
Luxembourg 2.9 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.8
Mexico (a) 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.0
Netherlands 3.2 2.6 2.0 2.3 3.7
New Zealand 6.8 6.0 5.3 5.2 4.8
Norway 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.0 4.5
Poland 13.9 16.1 18.2 19.9 19.3
Portugal 4.4 4.0 4.1 5.1 6.4
Slovak Republic 16.4 18.8 19.3 18.6 17.6
Spain (b) 12.8 11.0 10.5 11.4 11.4
Sweden 5.6 4.7 4.0 4.0 4.8
Switzerland 2.9 2.5 2.5 3.1 3.9
Turkey (c) 7.5 6.6 8.5 10.3 10.2
United Kingdom 6.0 5.5 5.1 5.2 5.0
United States 4.2 4.0 4.8 5.8 6.1
Euro area 9.4 8.4 8.0 8.4 8.8
European Union 8.7 7.8 7.3 7.7 8.0
Total OECD 6.6 6.1 6.4 6.9 7.1
Fourth quarter
2004 2005 2003 2004 2005
Australia 5.9 5.7 6.0 5.8 5.5
Austria 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.5 4.9
Belgium 8.5 8.2 8.6 8.4 7.9
Canada 7.8 7.4 8.0 7.5 7.3
Czech Republic 7.5 7.3 .. .. ..
Denmark 5.3 5.0 5.6 5.2 5.0
Finland 9.0 8.5 9.5 8.7 8.4
France 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.7
Germany 9.1 8.8 9.0 9.1 8.5
Greece 8.9 8.8 .. .. ..
Hungary 5.6 5.2 .. .. ..
Iceland 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.2 2.5
Ireland 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.1 4.9
Italy 8.9 8.8 9.0 8.8 8.8
Japan 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.2 4.9
Korea 3.3 3.0 3.6 3.2 2.8
Luxembourg 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.4
Mexico (a) 3.0 2.8 3.3 2.8 2.7
Netherlands 5.2 5.2 4.5 5.4 5.1
New Zealand 0.5 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.1
Norway 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.4
Poland 19.2 18.5 .. .. ..
Portugal 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.3 5.7
Slovak Republic 16.9 16.5 .. .. ..
Spain (b) 11.0 10.6 11.4 10.9 10.5
Sweden 4.7 4.4 4.9 4.5 4.4
Switzerland 3.9 3.6 4.1 3.8 3.5
Turkey (c) 9.9 9.6 .. .. ..
United Kingdom 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.7
United States 5.9 5.2 6.2 5.6 5.0
Euro area 9.0 8.7 9.0 8.9 8.6
European Union 8.1 7.9 8.2 8.1 7.8
Total OECD 7.0 6.7 7.2 7.0 6.4
Note: Labour market data are subject to differences in definitions
across countries and to many series breaks, though the latter are
often of a minor nature. For information about definitions, sources,
data coverage, break in series and rebasings, see OECD Economic Outlook
Sources and Methods (http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) Data based on the National Survey of Urban Employment; see OECD
Economic Outlook Sources and Methods.
(b) Spanish data on unemployment are revised since 1976 using the
methodology to be applied by the LFS as from 2002. Revisions are OECD
calculations based on information from INE in Spain.
(c) The figures incorporate important revisions to Turkish data; see
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 15. Standardised unemployment rates (a)
Per cent of civilian labour force
1984 1986 1987 1988
Australia 9.0 7.9 7.9 7.0
Austria .. .. .. ..
Belgium 10.8 10.0 9.8 8.8
Canada 11.3 9.6 8.8 7.8
Czech Republic .. .. .. ..
Denmark 7.9 5.0 5.0 5.7
Finland 5.9 6.7 4.9 4.2
France 9.4 9.9 10.1 9.6
Germany (b) 7.1 6.5 6.3 6.2
Hungary .. .. .. ..
Ireland 15.5 16.8 16.6 16.2
Italy 7.9 8.9 9.6 9.7
Japan 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.5
Luxembourg 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.0
Netherlands 8.9 7.8 7.7 7.2
New Zealand 5.7 4.0 4.1 5.6
Norway 3.2 2.0 2.1 3.2
Poland .. .. .. ..
Portugal 8.9 8.8 7.2 5.8
Slovak Republic .. .. .. ..
Spain 16.5 17.4 16.7 15.8
Sweden 3.3 2.7 2.2 1.8
Switzerland .. .. .. ..
United Kingdom 10.9 11.2 10.3 8.5
United States 7.5 7.0 6.2 5.5
Euro area .. .. .. ..
European Union .. .. .. ..
Total OECD .. .. .. ..
1989 1991 1992 1993
Australia 6.0 9.3 10.5 10.6
Austria .. .. .. 4.0
Belgium 7.4 6.4 7.1 8.6
Canada 7.5 10.3 11.2 11.4
Czech Republic .. .. .. 4.4
Denmark 6.8 7.9 8.6 9.6
Finland 3.1 6.7 11.6 16.4
France 9.1 9.1 10.0 11.3
Germany (b) 5.6 4.2 6.4 7.7
Hungary .. .. 9.9 12.1
Ireland 14.7 14.7 15.4 1.5
Italy 9.7 8.5 8.7 10.1
Japan 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.5
Luxembourg 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.6
Netherlands 6.6 5.5 5.3 6.2
New Zealand 7.1 10.3 10.3 9.5
Norway 5.4 6.0 6.5 6.5
Poland .. .. .. 14.0
Portugal 5.2 4.2 4.3 5.6
Slovak Republic .. .. .. ..
Spain 13.9 13.2 14.9 18.6
Sweden 1.5 3.1 5.6 9.1
Switzerland .. 1.9 3.0 3.9
United Kingdom 7.1 8.6 9.8 10.0
United States 5.3 6.8 7.5 6.9
Euro area .. 7.9 8.6 10.2
European Union .. 7.9 8.7 10.1
Total OECD .. .. .. ..
1994 1996 1997 1998
Australia 9.5 8.2 8.3 7.7
Austria 3.8 4.4 4.4 4.5
Belgium 9.8 9.5 9.2 9.3
Canada 10.4 9.6 9.1 8.3
Czech Republic 4.3 3.9 4.8 6.4
Denmark 7.7 6.3 5.3 4.9
Finland 16.8 14.6 12.7 11.3
France 11.8 11.9 11.8 11.4
Germany (b) 8.2 8.7 9.7 9.1
Hungary 11.0 9.6 9.0 8.4
Ireland 14.3 11.7 9.9 7.5
Italy 11.0 11.5 11.6 11.7
Japan 2.9 3.4 3.4 4.1
Luxembourg 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.7
Netherlands 6.8 6.0 4.9 3.8
New Zealand 8.1 6.1 6.6 7.5
Norway 5.9 4.8 4.0 3.2
Poland 14.4 12.3 10.9 10.2
Portugal 6.9 7.3 6.8 5.2
Slovak Republic 13.7 11.3 11.9 12.6
Spain 19.8 18.1 17.0 15.2
Sweden 9.4 9.6 9.9 8.2
Switzerland 3.9 3.9 4.2 3.6
United Kingdom 9.2 8.0 6.9 6.2
United States 6.1 5.4 4.9 4.5
Euro area 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.2
European Union 10.5 10.2 10.0 9.4
Total OECD 7.7 7.2 7.0 6.9
1999 2001 2002
Australia 7.0 6.7 6.3
Austria 4.0 3.6 4.3
Belgium 8.6 6.7 7.3
Canada 7.6 7.2 7.7
Czech Republic 8.6 8.0 7.3
Denmark 4.8 4.3 4.6
Finland 10.2 9.1 9.1
France 10.7 8.5 8.8
Germany (b) 8.4 7.8 8.6
Hungary 6.9 5.6 5.6
Ireland 5.6 3.9 4.3
Italy 11.3 9.4 9.0
Japan 4.7 5.0 5.4
Luxembourg 2.4 2.1 2.8
Netherlands 3.2 2.5 2.7
New Zealand 6.8 5.3 5.2
Norway 3.2 3.6 3.9
Poland 13.4 18.5 19.8
Portugal 4.5 4.1 5.1
Slovak Republic 16.8 19.4 18.7
Spain 12.8 10.6 11.3
Sweden 6.7 4.9 4.9
Switzerland 3.0 2.6 3.2
United Kingdom 5.9 5.0 5.1
United States 4.2 4.7 5.8
Euro area 9.4 8.0 8.4
European Union 8.7 7.4 7.7
Total OECD 6.7 6.5 7.0
Note: In so far as possible, the data have been adjusted to ensure
comparability over time and to conform to the guidelines of the
International Labour Office. All series are benchmarked to
labour-force-survey-based estimates. In countries with annual surveys,
monthly estimates are obtained by interpolation/extrapolation and by
incorporating trends in administrative data, where available. The
annual figures are then calculated by averaging the monthly estimates
(for both unemployed and the labour force). For countries with monthly
or quarterly surveys, the annual estimates are obtained by averaging
the monthly or quarterly estimates, respectively. For several
countries, the adjustment procedure used is similar to that of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of the European Communities. Minor
differences may appear because of various methods of calculating and
applying adjustment factors, and because EU estimates are based on the
civilian labour force.
(a) See technical notes in OECD Quarterly Labour Force Statistics.
(b) Prior to 1993 data refers to Western Germany.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 16. Labour force, employment and unemployment
Millions
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Labour force
Major seven countries 299.7 303.7 307.8 312.0 322.7
Total of smaller countries (a) 112.7 114.9 117.3 119.3 121.8
European Union 152.9 154.6 155.6 157.2 166.5
Euro area 117.9 119.1 119.9 121.4 130.8
Total OECD (a) 412.3 418.5 425.1 431.3 444.5
Employment
Major seven countries 279.9 285.6 290.9 295.1 302.5
Total of smaller countries (a) 104.8 107.4 110.3 112.5 114.3
European Union 139.0 141.7 144.0 146.3 154.0
Earn area 107.0 108.6 110.2 112.4 121.0
Total OECD (a) 384.7 393.1 401.2 407.6 416.9
Unemployment
Major seven countries 19.8 18.1 16.9 16.9 20.2
Total of smaller countries (a) 7.8 7.4 7.0 6.9 7.4
European Union 13.9 12.9 11.6 10.9 12.5
Euro area 10.9 10.5 9.7 9.0 9.9
Total OECD (a) 27.6 25.5 23.9 23.7 27.6
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Labour force
Major seven countries 325.0 326.2 328.6 330.2 333.1
Total of smaller countries (a) 122.8 151.9 154.2 156.2 158.7
European Union 166.4 166.0 166.5 167.1 168.2
Euro area 130.8 130.6 131.3 131.8 132.9
Total OECD (a) 447.8 478.1 482.8 486.5 491.8
Employment
Major seven countries 302.5 302.8 305.8 308.3 310.8
Total of smaller countries (a) 114.6 138.8 140.8 143.1 146.1
European Union 152.2 149.5 149.3 150.4 151.2
Earn area 119.8 117.6 117.3 118.0 118.6
Total OECD (a) 417.0 441.6 446.6 451.4 456.9
Unemployment
Major seven countries 22.5 23.4 22.8 21.9 22.3
Total of smaller countries (a) 8.3 13.1 13.4 13.1 12.6
European Union 14.2 16.5 17.2 16.7 17.0
Euro area 10.9 13.0 14.0 13.8 14.3
Total OECD (a) 30.8 36.5 36.2 35.0 34.9
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Labour force
Major seven countries 337.2 339.7 342.6 347.0 348.9
Total of smaller countries (a) 160.5 162.4 164.8 165.6 167.8
European Union 169.5 171.3 173.3 175.1 176.7
Euro area 134.1 135.8 137.4 139.1 140.5
Total OECD (a) 497.7 502.1 507.4 512.6 516.8
Employment
Major seven countries 315.3 318.3 321.8 327.3 328.3
Total of smaller countries (a) 148.5 150.0 152.2 154.0 155.5
European Union 152.6 155.3 158.3 161.5 163.7
Earn area 119.6 122.0 124.5 127.4 129.3
Total OECD (a) 463.7 468.4 474.0 481.3 483.8
Unemployment
Major seven countries 21.9 21.4 20.8 19.6 20.6
Total of smaller countries (a) 12.1 12.4 12.6 11.7 12.3
European Union 16.9 16.0 15.0 13.6 13.0
Euro area 14.5 13.9 12.9 11.7 11.2
Total OECD (a) 34.0 33.8 33.4 31.3 32.9
2002 2003 2004 2005
Labour force
Major seven countries 350.5 352.7 355.1 358.1
Total of smaller countries (a) 171.0 172.4 174.4 176.5
European Union 178.2 179.1 180.1 181.4
Euro area 141.7 142.4 143.3 144.4
Total OECD (a) 521.6 525.1 529.5 534.7
Employment
Major seven countries 327.8 329.0 331.5 335.7
Total of smaller countries (a) 157.6 158.7 160.6 163.2
European Union 164.5 164.7 165.5 167.0
Earn area 129.9 129.8 130.4 131.8
Total OECD (a) 485.4 487.7 492.1 498.9
Unemployment
Major seven countries 22.8 23.7 23.6 22.4
Total of smaller countries (a) 13.4 13.7 13.7 13.3
European Union 13.7 14.4 14.6 14.4
Euro area 11.8 12.5 12.8 12.6
Total OECD (a) 36.1 37.4 37.3 35.8
(a) The aggregate measures include Mexico as of 1987. There is a
potential bias in the aggregates thereafter because of the limited
coverage of the Mexican National Survey of Urban Employment.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 17. GDP deflators
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 8.2 4.9 2.3 1.3 1.2
Austria 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.6 2.9
Belgium 4.4 2.8 2.9 3.4 4.0
Canada 5.8 3.2 3.0 1.3 1.4
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 6.7 3.7 2.8 2.9 1.4
Finland 7.4 6.4 1.9 1.4 2.6
France 7.0 2.9 3.0 2.0 2.4
Germany 3.0 3.2 3.5 5.0 3.7
Greece 19.4 20.7 19.8 14.8 14.4
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 36.5 16.9 8.9 3.3 2.1
Ireland 8.6 -0.7 1.8 2.8 5.2
Italy 11.9 8.2 7.6 4.5 3.9
Japan 2.3 2.4 2.9 1.6 0.5
Korea 8.8 10.7 10.9 7.6 7.1
Luxembourg 4.6 2.5 1.8 3.7 6.0
Mexico 62.8 28.1 23.3 14.4 9.5
Netherlands 2.3 2.2 2.9 2.3 1.9
New Zealand 11.0 3.3 0.5 1.4 3.0
Norway 6.9 3.8 2.2 -0.6 2.3
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 18.1 13.1 10.1 11.4 7.4
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 10.0 7.3 6.9 6.7 4.5
Sweden 8.1 8.8 7.3 1.0 2.7
Switzerland 3.6 4.3 6.0 2.7 2.7
Turkey 48.9 58.3 58.8 63.7 67.8
United Kingdom 7.5 7.6 6.6 4.0 2.8
United States 4.8 3.9 3.6 2.4 2.4
Euro area 6.8 4.9 4.8 4.3 3.6
European Union 7.3 5.6 5.3 4.3 3.6
Total OECD 8.2 6.1 5.8 4.4 3.9
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 5.6 4.5 4.3 3.1 2.6
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia 0.9 1.6 2.3 1.7 0.3
Austria 2.7 2.5 1.3 0.9 0.5
Belgium 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.7
Canada 1.1 2.3 1.6 1.2 -0.4
Czech Republic 11.0 10.2 8.8 8.0 10.6
Denmark 1.7 1.8 2.5 2.2 1.0
Finland 1.8 4.8 -0.3 2.1 3.5
France 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.3 0.8
Germany 2.5 2.0 1.0 0.7 1.1
Greece 11.2 9.8 7.4 6.8 5.2
Hungary 19.5 25.6 21.2 18.5 12.6
Iceland 2.0 2.8 2.1 3.3 4.9
Ireland 1.7 3.0 2.1 4.0 6.3
Italy 3.5 5.0 5.3 2.4 2.7
Japan 0.1 -0.5 -0.8 0.3 -0.1
Korea 7.7 7.1 3.9 3.1 5.1
Luxembourg 3.5 2.3 2.0 2.7 2.7
Mexico 8.5 37.9 30.7 17.7 15.4
Netherlands 2.3 2.0 1.2 2.0 1.7
New Zealand 1.1 2.4 2.5 0.3 1.5
Norway -0.1 2.9 4.1 2.9 -0.7
Poland 37.2 28.0 18.7 14.0 11.8
Portugal 7.3 3.4 3.0 3.8 3.8
Slovak Republic 13.7 9.9 4.4 6.7 5.2
Spain 3.9 4.9 3.5 2.3 2.4
Sweden 2.3 3.4 1.2 1.5 0.8
Switzerland 1.6 1.1 0.4 -0.2 0.0
Turkey 106.5 87.2 77.8 81.5 75.7
United Kingdom 1.6 2.6 3.4 29.0 2.8
United States 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.2
Euro area 2.8 2.9 2.1 1.6 1.7
European Union 2.7 3.0 2.5 1.9 1.9
Total OECD 4.6 5.2 4.3 3.7 3.2
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 2.2 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.4
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 0.8 4.3 3.1 2.8 2.8
Austria 0.7 1.4 2.1 1.4 1.8
Belgium 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.7 2.5
Canada 1.7 4.0 1.0 1.0 3.5
Czech Republic 3.0 1.1 6.3 2.6 2.2
Denmark 1.8 3.1 2.0 0.9 1.7
Finland -0.2 3.2 2.7 1.1 0.5
France 0.4 0.7 1.7 1.9 1.5
Germany 0.5 -0.3 1.3 1.6 1.0
Greece 3.0 3.4 3.5 4.0 3.5
Hungary 8.4 9.9 8.6 10.7 6.4
Iceland 3.0 2.9 9.9 3.9 1.0
Ireland 3.9 4.3 5.1 5.4 1.7
Italy 1.6 2.1 2.7 2.7 2.7
Japan -1.5 -1.9 -1.6 -1.7 -2.5
Korea -2.0 -1.1 2.5 1.7 1.3
Luxembourg 2.2 3.9 2.2 0.6 1.6
Mexico 15.2 12.2 6.4 4.6 5.2
Netherlands 1.6 3.9 5.4 3.4 2.7
New Zealand -0.1 2.4 4.7 0.2 1.2
Norway 6.6 15.9 1.9 -1.3 2.0
Poland 6.8 11.5 4.2 1.4 0.4
Portugal 3.1 3.5 4.9 4.6 2.6
Slovak Republic 6.4 6.4 5.4 4.0 5.2
Spain 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.4 3.7
Sweden 0.7 1.3 2.0 1.3 2.0
Switzerland 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.6 -0.1
Turkey 55.6 49.9 54.8 43.5 24.5
United Kingdom 2.3 1.4 2.3 3.2 2.8
United States 1.4 2.1 2.4 1.1 1.6
Euro area I.1 1.3 2.4 2.4 1.9
European Union 1.3 1.4 2.4 2.5 2.1
Total OECD 2.3 2.6 2.9 2.1 1.8
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 0.9 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.3
Fourth quarter
2004 2005 2003 2004 2005
Australia 2.4 2.3 2.9 1.8 2.8
Austria 1.0 1.1 1.7 0.9 1.2
Belgium 1.6 1.4 4.4 -0.7 3.0
Canada 1.6 1.8 2.5 1.7 1.9
Czech Republic 2.2 1.8 .. .. ..
Denmark 1.8 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.3
Finland 1.1 1.6 0.2 2.0 0.9
France 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.8
Germany 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0
Greece 3.6 3.3 3.5 2.8 3.3
Hungary 5.7 4.2 .. .. ..
Iceland 4.4 4.5 5.7 -0.2 8.1
Ireland 4.2 3.4 2.8 2.7 3.7
Italy 2.0 2.2 3.0 1.6 2.6
Japan -1.3 -0.8 -1.6 -1.3 -0.6
Korea 1.0 1.0 -0.5 3.1 -0.5
Luxembourg 2.9 2.6 .. .. ..
Mexico 3.3 3.3 1.1 4.9 2.9
Netherlands 0.8 1.1 1.7 0.9 1.2
New Zealand 2.5 2.8 3.3 2.6 2.8
Norway 2.5 3.3 0.5 3.5 3.3
Poland 0.9 0.6 .. .. ..
Portugal 2.3 2.1 1.6 20.0 2.2
Slovak Republic 5.7 3.3 .. .. ..
Spain 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.7 2.7
Sweden 2.2 2.8 2.0 2.3 3.1
Switzerland -0.1 0.3 -0.4 1.1 -0.2
Turkey 14.3 11.2 .. .. ..
United Kingdom 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5
United States 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.2
Euro area 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.7
European Union 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.8
Total OECD 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA9S,
has been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries,
both with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence there are breaks in many national series. See Table
"National Account Reporting Systems and base-years" at the beginning
of the statistical Annex and OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) High inflation countries are defined as countries which have had
10 per cent or more inflation in terms of the GDP deflator on average
during the last 10 years based on historical data. Consequently,
Hungary, Mexico, Poland and Turkey are excluded from the aggregate.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 18. Private consumption deflators
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 8.2 6.4 4.4 2.2 2.2
Austria 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.9 3.5
Belgium 4.6 2.8 2.8 1.9 2.5
Canada 6.3 4.2 5.0 1.7 2.3
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 6.5 2.9 2.8 1.9 2.0
Finland 6.7 6.0 5.8 3.6 4.6
France 7.4 3.1 3.0 2.5 2.5
Germany 2.8 2.6 3.8 4.4 3.9
Greece 19.3 19.8 19.7 15.7 14.1
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 37.6 16.7 8.9 3.5 3.6
Ireland 8.8 2.1 2.7 3.0 2.2
Italy 11.4 6.4 7.0 5.5 5.5
Japan 2.6 2.6 2.7 1.6 1.0
Korea 7.8 10.6 12.1 8.9 8.0
Luxembourg 5.2 3.6 3.4 4.2 4.0
Mexico 63.8 27.8 24.3 15.4 10.1
Netherlands 3.2 2.1 3.3 3.2 2.1
New Zealand 11.7 5.6 2.2 1.1 1.2
Norway 7.9 4.7 3.8 2.5 2.4
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 18.2 11.6 11.8 9.2 6.9
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 10.1 6.6 6.4 6.6 5.3
Sweden 8.4 9.8 10.5 2.1 5.8
Switzerland 3.3 5.2 6.0 4.2 3.4
Turkey 49.4 59.8 60.7 65.6 65.9
United Kingdom 7.0 7.5 7.8 4.9 3.5
United States 5.1 4.6 3.8 3.1 2.4
Euro area 6.9 4.4 5.1 4.6 4.1
European Union 7.3 5.1 5.7 4.5 4.1
Total OECD 8.4 6.3 6.2 4.9 4.2
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 5.7 4.7 4.6 3.5 3.0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia 1.2 2.3 1.9 1.6 1.3
Austria 2.8 2.0 1.9 1.5 0.5
Belgium 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.8 0.9
Canada 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.2
Czech Republic 10.7 9.2 8.0 7.5 9.1
Denmark 3.0 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.3
Finland 0.9 0.8 1.6 1.9 2.0
France 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.4 0.6
Germany 2.6 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.1
Greece 11.0 9.0 8.2 5.6 4.5
Hungary 19.7 27.2 23.8 18.0 13.7
Iceland 1.4 1.9 2.4 -0.2 0.9
Ireland 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.9 3.5
Italy 4.9 6.0 4.4 2.2 2.1
Japan 0.5 -0.3 -0.1 1.0 -0.1
Korea 9.7 7.0 5.7 5.4 7.9
Luxembourg 2.6 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.1
Mexico 7.6 34.0 30.7 16.5 20.5
Netherlands 2.9 1.4 1.9 2.0 1.7
New Zealand 1.2 2.6 2.2 1.9 2.0
Norway 1.2 2.4 1.4 2.3 2.5
Poland 37.9 27.2 20.0 14.7 11.5
Portugal 5.6 4.3 3.7 2.9 2.8
Slovak Republic 14.1 9.2 4.9 6.2 5.8
Spain 4.9 4.8 3.5 2.6 2.2
Sweden 2.7 2.8 1.3 1.9 0.8
Switzerland 1.1 1.7 1.1 0.6 -0.2
Turkey 108.9 92.4 67.8 82.1 83.0
United Kingdom 2.1 3.4 3.4 2.5 2.6
United States 2.0 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.1
Euro area 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.1 1.4
European Union 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.1 1.6
Total OECD 4.9 5.2 4.4 4.0 3.4
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.3
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 1.0 3.3 3.5 2.2 2.2
Austria 0.8 1.4 2.2 1.1 1.2
Belgium 1.2 2.3 2.5 1.7 1.7
Canada 1.7 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.8
Czech Republic 3.7 2.8 3.8 -0.1 -0.2
Denmark 2.4 3.5 2.6 2.4 1.9
Finland 1.2 3.6 3.4 3.0 0.9
France 0.2 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.7
Germany 0.3 1.5 1.6 1.3 0.9
Greece 2.3 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.4
Hungary 10.4 10.9 8.2 5.0 4.6
Iceland 2.6 4.-5 8.1 3.6 1.8
Ireland 3.5 4.9 5.5 6.1 2.5
Italy 2.1 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.9
Japan -0.7 -1.2 -1.5 -1.5 1.4
Korea 0.6 2.2 4.1 3.0 3.6
Luxembourg 1.5 2.6 3.3 2.3 2.0
Mexico 14.0 10.3 7.2 4.8 4.6
Netherlands 1.8 3.3 4.7 3.1 2.1
New Zealand 0.3 2.1 2.1 1.5 0.6
Norway 2.0 3.0 2.4 0.7 2.0
Poland 7.0 11.5 5.0 1.8 0.8
Portugal 2.1 3.3 4.4 3.7 3.6
Slovak Republic 8.7 10.5 5.6 2.4 8.6
Spain 2.4 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.0
Sweden 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.0 2.2
Switzerland 0.3 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7
Turkey 59.0 50.0 58.8 40.4 26.5
United Kingdom 1.7 1.1 2.2 1.3 1.2
United States 1.6 2.5 2.0 1.4 1.9
Euro area 1.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.9
European Union 1.2 2.0 2.3 2.1 1.8
Total OECD 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.1 1.9
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.4
Fourth quarter
2004 2005 2003 2004 2005
Australia 2.1 2.5 1.8 2.4 2.5
Austria 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2
Belgium 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.5
Canada 1.5 2.0 1.2 1.8 2.1
Czech Republic 1.8 1.4 .. .. ..
Denmark 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.9
Finland 1.2 1.7 2.3 0.3 1.9
France 1.5 0.9 1.7 1.4 0.8
Germany 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9
Greece 3.5 3.4 .. .. ..
Hungary 6.5 4.5 .. .. ..
Iceland 2.6 3.6 4.5 1.4 4.9
Ireland 3.1 3.0 1.9 2.6 3.3
Italy 2.0 2.0 2.7 1.9 2.1
Japan -0.6 -0.4 -1.1 0.5 -0.3
Korea 2.9 3.3 1.8 5.2 1.7
Luxembourg 1.8 1.6 .. .. ..
Mexico 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.4 2.9
Netherlands 1.4 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.0
New Zealand 2.0 2.3 1.2 2.0 2.3
Norway 1.1 2.3 1.0 1.9 2.5
Poland 1.9 1.4 .. .. ..
Portugal 2.1 1.8 3.3 1.9 1.8
Slovak Republic 7.9 4.0 .. .. ..
Spain 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.7 3.1
Sweden 1.4 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0
Switzerland 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.1
Turkey 16.9 11.3 .. .. ..
United Kingdom 1.7 2.3 1.3 1.9 2.4
United States 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.1 1.3
Euro area 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.5
European Union 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6
Total OECD 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5
Memorandum item
OECD less high inflation
countries (a) 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.5
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95, has
been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries, both
with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a consequence
there are breaks in many national series. See table "National reporting
Systems Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical Annex and OECD
Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) High inflation countries are defined as countries which have had
10 per cent or more inflation in terms of the GDP deflator on average
during the last 10 years based on historical data. Consequently,
Hungary, Mexico, Poland and Turkey are excluded from the aggregate.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 19. Consumer prices indices
Percentage change from previous year
Average
1979-89 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 8.4 7.3 3.2 1.0 1.8
Austria 3.8 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.2
Belgium 4.9 3.4 4.2 2.2 2.5
Canada 6.5 4.8 5.6 1.5 1.9
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 6.9 2.6 2.4 2.1 1.3
Finland 7.1 6.1 4.6 3.2 3.3
France 7.3 3.2 3.4 2.5 2.2
Germany 2.9 2.7 4.1 5.1 4.4
Greece 19.4 20.4 19.5 15.9 14.4
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland (a) 38.1 15.5 6.8 4.0 4.1
Ireland 9.2 3.3 3.2 3.1 1.4
Italy 11.1 6.5 6.2 5.0 4.5
Japan 2.5 3.1 3.2 1.7 1.3
Korea 8.1 8.5 9.3 6.2 4.8
Luxembourg 4.7 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.6
Mexico 65.1 26.7 22.7 15.5 9.8
Netherlands 2.8 2.5 3.2 2.8 1.6
New Zealand 11.8 6.1 2.6 1.0 1.3
Norway 8.3 4.1 3.4 2.3 2.3
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 17.5 13.4 11.4 8.9 5.9
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 10.2 6.7 5.9 5.9 4.9
Sweden 7.9 10.4 9.7 2.6 4.7
Switzerland 3.3 5.4 5.9 4.0 3.3
Turkey (b) 48.0 60.3 66.0 70.1 66.1
United Kingdom 6.9 8.1 6.8 4.7 3.0
United States (c) 5.5 5.4 4.2 3.0 3.0
Euro area 7.0 4.6 5.0 4.6 4.0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia 1.9 4.6 2.6 0.3 0.9
Austria 2.7 1.6 1.8 1.2 0.8
Belgium 2.4 1.3 1.8 1.5 0.9
Canada 0.2 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.0
Czech Republic 10.0 9.1 8.8 8.5 10.7
Denmark 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.8
Finland 1.6 0.4 1.1 1.2 1.4
France 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.3 0.7
Germany 2.7 1.7 1.2 1.5 0.6
Greece 10.9 8.9 7.9 5.4 4.5
Hungary 18.9 28.3 23.5 18.3 14.2
Iceland (a) 1.6 1.7 2.3 1.8 1.7
Ireland 2.3 2.5 2.2 1.2 2.1
Italy 4.2 5.4 4.0 1.9 2.0
Japan 0.7 -0.1 0.1 1.7 0.7
Korea 6.3 4.5 4.9 4.4 7.5
Luxembourg 2.2 1.9 1.2 1.4 1.0
Mexico 7.0 35.0 34.4 20.6 15.9
Netherlands 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.8
New Zealand 1.7 3.8 2.3 1.2 1.3
Norway 1.4 2.4 1.2 2.6 2.3
Poland 33.2 28.3 19.9 14.9 11.6
Portugal 5.0 4.0 2.9 1.9 2.2
Slovak Republic 13.4 9.8 5.8 6.1 6.7
Spain 4.6 4.6 3.6 1.9 1.8
Sweden 2.4 2.9 0.8 0.9 0.4
Switzerland 0.9 1.8 0.8 0.5 0.0
Turkey (b) 105.2 89.1 80.4 85.7 84.6
United Kingdom 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7
United States (c) 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.3 1.5
Euro area 3.2 2.9 2.4 1.7 1.2
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 1.5 4.5 4.4 3.0 2.8
Austria 0.5 2.0 2.3 1.7 1.3
Belgium 1.1 2.7 2.4 1.6 1.5
Canada 1.7 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.8
Czech Republic 2.1 3.9 4.8 1.8 0.7
Denmark 2.5 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.0
Finland 1.3 3.0 2.7 2.0 1.3
France 0.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0
Germany 0.6 1.4 1.9 1.3 0.9
Greece 2.1 2.9 3.7 3.9 3.5
Hungary 10.0 9.8 9.2 5.3 4.6
Iceland (a) 3.2 5.1 6.4 5.2 2.0
Ireland 2.5 5.3 4.0 4.7 4.1
Italy 1.7 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.8
Japan -0.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.9 -0.2
Korea 0.8 2.3 4.1 2.8 3.5
Luxembourg 1.0 3.8 2.4 2.1 2.5
Mexico 16.6 9.5 6.4 5.0 4.5
Netherlands 2.0 2.3 5.1 3.9 2.3
New Zealand -0.1 2.6 2.6 2.7 1.7
Norway 2.3 3.1 3.0 1.3 2.5
Poland 7.3 10.1 5.5 1.9 0.8
Portugal 2.2 2.8 4.4 3.7 3.3
Slovak Republic 10.6 12.0 7.3 3.1 8.6
Spain 2.2 3.5 2.8 3.6 3.2
Sweden 0.3 1.3 2.6 2.4 2.1
Switzerland 0.8 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.6
Turkey (b) 64.9 54.9 54.4 45.0 24.5
United Kingdom 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.8
United States (c) 2.2 3.4 2.8 1.6 2.3
Euro area 1.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.0
Fourth quarter
2004 2005 2003 2004 2005
Australia 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.5
Austria 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.2
Belgium 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4
Canada 1.4 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.2
Czech Republic 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.2
Denmark 1.6 2.0 1.2 2.7 1.4
Finland 0.4 1.8 1.0 0.7 1.9
France 1.4 0.9 1.9 1.2 0.8
Germany 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9
Greece 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.7
Hungary 6.5 4.5 5.0 7.7 2.8
Iceland (a) 2.6 3.6 2.3 2.8 4.1
Ireland 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.3
Italy 2.0 1.9 2.6 1.8 2.0
Japan -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2
Korea 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9
Luxembourg 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6
Mexico 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.0
Netherlands 1.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1
New Zealand 1.9 2.3 1.3 2.1 2.4
Norway 1.2 2.5 1.3 2.4 2.5
Poland 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.4
Portugal 2.1 1.8 2.5 1.9 1.8
Slovak Republic 7.9 4.0 8.8 8.0 3.9
Spain 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.0
Sweden 1.4 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.2
Switzerland 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
Turkey (b) 15.9 10.2 16.8 10.9 8.8
United Kingdom 2.6 2.7 28.0 2.6 2.7
United States (c) 1.7 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.9
Euro area 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.5
Note: Consumer price index. For the euro area countries and the euro
area aggregate: harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) and United
Kingdom: retail price index excluding mortgage payment (RPIX).
(a) Excluding rent, but including imputed rent.
(b) Until 1981: Istanbul index (154 items); from 1982, Turkish index.
(c) The methodology for calculating the Consumer Price Index has
changed considerably over the past years, lowering measured inflation
substantially.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 20. Oil and other primary commodity markets
1988 1989 1990 1991
Oil market conditions (a)
(in million barrels per day)
Demand
OECD (b) 40.6 41.2 41.5 41.9
of which: North America 20.8 21.0 20.7 20.5
Europe (c) 13.4 13.5 13.6 14.0
Pacific 6.4 6.7 7.2 7.5
Non-OECD (d) 24.2 24.5 24.5 24.8
Total 64.8 65.8 66.0 66.7
Supply
OECD (a) 19.6 18.9 19.0 19.5
OPEC total 21.8 23.8 25.1 25.3
Former USSR 12.5 12.2 11.5 10.4
Other non-OECD (a) 10.8 11.2 11.4 11.6
Total 64.8 66.1 66.9 66.8
Trade
OECD net imports (a) 20.8 22.5 22.8 22.4
Former USSR net exports 3.6 3.5 3.1 2.2
Other non-OECD net exports (a) 17.2 19.0 19.7 20.2
Prices (e)
OECD crude oil import price
(cif, $ per bl) 14.9 17.5 22.3 19.3
Prices of other primary commodities (e)
($ indices)
Food and tropical beverages 93 88 79 74
of which: Food 99 96 85 83
Tropical beverages 90 82 75 68
Agricultural raw materials 80 82 90 78
Minerals, ores and metals 112 107 99 88
Total 94 92 90 80
1992 1993 1994 1995
Oil market conditions (a)
(in million barrels per day)
Demand
OECD (b) 42.9 43.2 44.4 44.9
of which: North America 20.8 21.1 21.7 21.6
Europe (c) 14.2 14.2 14.3 14.6
Pacific 7.9 8.0 8.4 8.7
Non-OECD (d) 24.4 24.6 24.0 24.7
Total 67.2 67.8 68.4 69.6
Supply
OECD (a) 19.8 20.0 20.8 21.1
OPEC total 26.5 26.9 27.4 27.6
Former USSR 8.9 7.9 7.2 7.1
Other non-OECD (a) 12.1 12.6 13.4 14.5
Total 67.2 67.5 68.8 70.4
Trade
OECD net imports (a) 23.1 23.5 23.8 23.4
Former USSR net exports 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.8
Other non-OECD net exports (a) 21.1 21.4 21.1 20.6
Prices (e)
OECD crude oil import price
(cif, $ per bl) 18.4 16.4 15.6 17.2
Prices of other primary commodities (e)
($ indices)
Food and tropical beverages 72 73 98 100
of which: Food 87 88 95 100
Tropical beverages 62 63 100 100
Agricultural raw materials 79 75 86 100
Minerals, ores and metals 85 74 85 100
Total 79 74 89 100
1996 1997 1998 1999
Oil market conditions (a)
(in million barrels per day)
Demand
OECD (b) 45.9 46.7 46.8 47.7
of which: North America 22.2 22.7 23.1 23.8
Europe (c) 14.9 15.0 15.3 15.2
Pacific 8.8 9.0 8.4 8.7
Non-OECD (d) 25.6 26.8 27.0 27.7
Total 71.5 73.5 73.8 75.4
Supply
OECD (a) 21.7 22.1 21.9 21.4
OPEC total 28.4 29.9 30.8 29.4
Former USSR 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.5
Other non-OECD (a) 15.1 15.4 15.8 16.0
Total 72.3 74.6 75.7 74.3
Trade
OECD net imports (a) 24.2 24.9 25.3 25.5
Former USSR net exports 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.9
Other non-OECD net exports (a) 21.1 21.5 21.7 21.6
Prices (e)
OECD crude oil import price
(cif, $ per bl) 20.5 19.1 12.6 17.3
Prices of other primary commodities (e)
($ indices)
Food and tropical beverages 99 104 91 74
of which: Food 118 104 91 77
Tropical beverages 86 103 91 72
Agricultural raw materials 86 83 71 71
Minerals, ores and metals 90 91 78 74
Total 90 91 78 73
2000 2001 2002 2003
Oil market conditions (a)
(in million barrels per day)
Demand
OECD (b) 47.7 47.7 47.7 48.3
of which: North America 24.0 23.9 24.2 24.5
Europe (c) 15.1 15.3 15.1 15.2
Pacific 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.6
Non-OECD (d) 28.4 28.8 29.5 30.2
Total 76.2 76.5 77.3 78.6
Supply
OECD (a) 21.9 21.8 22.0 21.9
OPEC total 30.8 30.1 28.6 ..
Former USSR 7.9 8.6 9.4 10.3
Other non-OECD (a) 16.2 16.2 16.7 ..
Total 76.8 76.7 76.6 ..
Trade
OECD net imports (b) 26.0 26.2 25.5 26.9
Former USSR net exports 4.3 4.9 5.6 6.4
Other non-OECD net exports (a) 21.7 21.3 19.9 20.5
Prices (e)
OECD crude oil import price
(cif, $ per bl) 28.0 23.6 24.1 28.2
Prices of other primary commodities (e)
($ indices)
Food and tropical beverages 67 61 67 73
of which: Food 73 70 80 88
Tropical beverages 62 55 58 61
Agricultural raw materials 74 67 64 77
Minerals, ores and metals 84 77 75 84
Total 75 69 68 78
2004 2005
Oil market conditions (a)
(in million barrels per day)
Demand
OECD (b) 48.6 ..
of which: North America 24.8 ..
Europe (c) 15.3 ..
Pacific 8.5 ..
Non-OECD (d) 31.0 ..
Total 79.6 ..
Supply
OECD (b) 22.1 ..
OPEC total .. ..
Former USSR 11.1 ..
Other non-OECD (a) .. ..
Total .. ..
Trade
OECD net imports (b) 26.5 ..
Former USSR net exports 7.1 ..
Other non-OECD net exports (a) 19.4 ..
Prices (e)
OECD crude oil import price
(cif, $ per bl) 27.0 27.0
Prices of other primary commodities (e)
($ indices)
Food and tropical beverages 76 79
of which: Food 94 96
Tropical beverages 62 65
Agricultural raw materials 85 91
Minerals, ores and metals 96 101
Total 86 91
(a) Based on data published in in varoius issues of International
Energy Agency, Oil Market Report and Annual Statistical Supplement,
August 2003.
(b) Excluding Czech Republic, Hungary, Korea, Mexico and Poland.
(c) European Union countries and Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and
Turkey.
(d) Including Czech Republic, Hungary, Korea, Mexico and Poland.
e) Indices through 2002 are based on data compiled by International
Energy Agency for oil and by Hamburg Institute for Economic Research
for the prices of other primary commodities; OECD estimates and
projections for 2003 to 2005.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 21. Employment rates, participation rates and labour force
Employment rates
Average Average
1982-84 1992-94 2002 2003 2004 2005
Per cent
Australia 63.9 66.2 71.0 71.6 71.6 71.8
Austria 74.7 74.2 74.3 74.0 74.0 74.4
Belgium 55.7 57.9 61.8 61.6 61.5 61.8
Canada 65.1 67.8 72.6 73.2 73.2 73.5
Czech Republic .. 69.3 65.9 65.8 65.8 66.1
Denmark 72.2 73.7 76.8 76.3 76.4 76.6
Finland 72.2 61.9 67.9 67.8 67.9 68.0
France 61.3 59.4 63.7 63.4 63.2 63.2
Germany 64.0 67.7 69.9 68.9 68.7 69.3
Greece 57.5 55.6 57.3 57.9 58.5 59.0
Hungary .. 53.1 .. .. .. ..
Iceland 83.4 81.0 83.4 83.2 83.1 83.5
Ireland 54.0 53.1 66.9 66.8 66.7 66.9
Italy 55.5 52.6 55.7 56.5 57.2 58.0
Japan 70.6 74.1 73.4 73.5 74.0 74.3
Korea 56.6 62.4 65.1 64.1 64.2 64.8
Luxembourg 59.6 60.3 64.1 64.4 64.2 64.0
Mexico .. 52.7 54.0 53.8 53.9 54.1
Netherlands 51.4 56.4 65.5 64.6 64.3 64.8
New Zealand 71.3 65.1 72.4 .. .. ..
Norway 74.2 72.3 77.2 76.6 76.5 76.4
Poland .. 58.5 51.4 50.6 50.7 51.1
Portugal 63.2 69.1 72.3 71.4 71.7 72.5
Slovak Republic .. 63.2 56.6 57.3 57.8 58.5
Spain 48.4 48.4 59.9 61.2 62.4 63.6
Sweden 78.7 72.4 73.4 73.0 72.7 72.6
Switzerland 77.5 84.5 84.7 83.3 82.8 82.9
Turkey 61.1 52.4 47.1 46.8 46.4 46.1
United Kingdom 64.9 68.1 71.7 71.9 71.9 71.9
United States 65.4 71.5 71.0 .. .. ..
Euro area 58.7 59.3 63.9 63.8 64.0 64.6
European Union 60.4 61.2 65.5 65.4 65.6 66.1
Total OECD 62.8 64.9 66.1 64.1 64.2 64.5
Labour force participation rates
Average Average
1982-84 1992-94 2002 2003 2004 2005
Per cent
Australia 69.9 73.7 75.8 76.1 76.1 76.2
Austria 77.1 78.2 78.5 78.3 78.3 78.5
Belgium 62.2 63.3 66.7 67.1 67.2 67.4
Canada 73.5 76.2 78.6 79.4 79.4 79.4
Czech Republic .. 72.4 71.1 71.1 71.1 71.3
Denmark 78.5 80.7 80.4 80.7 80.6 80.7
Finland 76.2 72.8 74.8 74.7 74.6 74.2
France 67.2 67.0 70.1 70.1 70.0 70.0
Germany 68.0 73.0 76.1 75.6 75.6 76.0
Greece 62.0 61.3 63.7 63.9 64.2 64.7
Hungary .. 60.1 .. .. .. ..
Iceland 84.9 85.1 86.2 86.1 85.9 85.9
Ireland 63.0 62.6 70.0 70.1 70.1 70.4
Italy 60.1 58.5 61.3 62.0 62.7 63.6
Japan 72.5 76.0 77.5 77.7 78.0 78.2
Korea 59.0 64.1 67.1 66.4 66.4 66.7
Luxembourg 60.6 61.6 66.0 67.0 67.0 66.9
Mexico .. 54.6 55.6 55.5 55.6 55.7
Netherlands 57.2 60.3 67.0 67.1 67.8 68.4
New Zealand 74.6 71.8 76.4 .. .. ..
Norway 76.5 76.7 80.4 80.2 80.2 80.0
Poland .. 68.2 64.2 62.8 62.7 62.7
Portugal 68.9 73.1 76.2 76.3 76.7 77.1
Slovak Republic .. 72.6 69.6 69.6 69.6 70.0
Spain 56.3 57.6 67.6 69.0 70.1 71.1
Sweden 81.3 78.0 76.5 76.6 76.3 76.0
Switzerland 78.1 87.5 87.3 86.6 86.2 86.0
Turkey 65.9 57.2 52.5 52.0 51.5 51.0
United Kingdom 72.6 75.5 75.6 75.7 75.6 75.5
United States 71.9 76.7 75.3 .. .. ..
Euro area 64.0 65.7 69.7 70.0 70.3 70.7
European Union 66.1 67.7 70.9 71.2 71.4 71.7
Total OECD 67.9 70.0 71.0 69.4 69.4 69.5
Labour force
Average Average
1982-91 1992-01 2002 2003 2004 2005
Percentage change
Australia 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.6
Austria 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5
Belgium 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.6
Canada 1.7 1.4 2.7 2.1 1.2 1.0
Czech Republic .. 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4
Denmark 1.0 -0.1 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.2
Finland 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1
France 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4
Germany 4.0 0.4 0.1 -0.7 -0.2 0.3
Greece 0.6 0.9 -0.4 0.1 0.4 0.5
Hungary .. -0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0
Iceland 1.3 11.4 -0.4 1.6 1.8 3.0
Ireland 0.5 3.1 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.5
Italy 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.2
Japan 1.3 0.3 -0.9 -0.1 0.1 -0.2
Korea 2.7 1.6 2.1 0.3 1.0 1.5
Luxembourg 1.0 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.0 0.8
Mexico .. 2.6 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2
Netherlands 1.2 1.7 1.4 0.5 1.4 1.4
New Zealand 0.7 1.8 2.8 1.4 1.1 0.9
Norway 0.7 1.2 0.6 -0.1 0.6 0.3
Poland .. 0.2 -0.9 -1.7 0.4 0.5
Portugal 1.4 0.8 1.3 0.6 0.9 1.0
Slovak Republic .. 1.1 -0.7 0.0 0.0 0.6
Spain 1.3 2.1 3.0 2.6 2.1 1.9
Sweden 0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.4
Switzerland 2.2 0.3 1.0 -0.1 0.2 0.5
Turkey 2.0 0.6 6.9 1.6 1.3 1.5
United Kingdom 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.4
United States 1.5 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.6
Euro area 1.6 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.8
European Union 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7
Total OECD 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.0
Note: Employment rates are calculated as the ratio of total employment
to the population of working age. The working age population concept
used here and in the labour force participation rate is defined as all
persons of the age 15 to 64 years (16 to 65 years for Spain). This
definition does not correspond to the commonly-used working age
population concepts for the United States (16 years and above), Hungary
and New Zealand (15 years and above). Hence for these countries no
projections are available. For information about sources and
definitions, see OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 22. Potential GDP, employment and capital stock
Percentage change from previous period
Potential 2002
Average Average
1982-91 1992-01 2020 2003 2004 2005
Australia 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.6
Austria 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0
Belgium 2.1 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.0
Canada 2.5 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 1.6 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1
Finland 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.5
France 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.1
Germany 3.9 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7
Greece 1.2 2.6 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.5
Hungary .. 2.9 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8
Iceland 2.8 2.3 2.4 3.0 3.5 4.6
Ireland 3.6 7.2 6.6 5.2 5.3 4.7
Italy 2.4 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.4
Japan 3.8 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3
Korea .. .. .. .. .. ..
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mexico .. .. .. .. .. ..
Netherlands 2.1 2.8 2.3 1.4 2.2 1.6
New Zealand 1.7 2.8 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.3
Norway 2.2 2.8 2.2 1.8 2.1 2.0
Poland .. .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 2.8 2.8 2.6 1.6 1.6 1.8
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6
Sweden 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2
Switzerland 2.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2
Turkey .. .. .. .. .. ..
United Kingdom 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.4
United States 2.9 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.1
Euro area 2.8 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9
European Union 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0
Total OECD 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4
Employment
Average Average
1982-91 1992-01 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.6 1.9
Austria 0.5 0.3 -0.4 0.1 0.3 0.8
Belgium 0.6 0.8 -0.3 -0.2 0.3 0.9
Canada 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.2 1.5
Czech Republic .. -0.5 1.0 -0.1 0.1 0.6
Denmark 1.0 0.4 0.7 -0.5 0.3 0.4
Finland 0.0 0.8 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.5
France 0.3 1.0 0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.4
Germany 3.9 0.3 -0.6 -1.5 -0.4 0.6
Greece 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.6
Hungary .. 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.6
Iceland 1.1 1.7 -1.5 1.5 1.9 3.5
Ireland 0.1 4.6 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.5
Italy 0.4 0.2 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.3
Japan 1.4 0.0 -1.3 -0.1 0.2 0.0
Korea 2.9 1.4 2.8 0.0 1.1 1.9
Luxembourg 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.7
Mexico 3.7 2.7 1.4 1.5 2.3 2.4
Netherlands 1.6 2.0 1.1 -0.9 -0.1 1.3
New Zealand -0.1 2.4 2.9 1.8 0.9 0.8
Norway 0.4 1.4 0.2 -0.6 0.4 0.5
Poland .. -0.4 -3.0 -1.0 0.6 1.3
Portugal 1.9 0.8 0.3 -0.8 0.8 1.5
Slovak Republic .. 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.9 1.1
Spain 1.4 2.5 2.0 2.6 2.5 2.3
Sweden 0.5 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.7
Switzerland 2.0 0.4 0.4 -0.9 0.2 0.8
Turkey 1.8 0.5 4.7 1.8 1.6 1.9
United Kingdom 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.6
United States 1.9 1.6 -0.3 0.8 1.4 2.2
Euro area 1.6 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
European Union 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.9
Total OECD 1.7 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.4
Capital stock
Average Average
1982-91 1992-01 2020 2003 2004 2005
Australia 4.3 3.4 3.8 4.0 4.3 4.3
Austria 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.4
Belgium 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6
Canada 2.7 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.3 3.0
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 3.2 3.2 3.7 3.1 2.9 3.0
Finland 2.9 0.6 1.2 0.7 1.0 1.2
France 4.5 3.2 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.4
Germany 4.3 2.1 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.7
Greece 2.0 3.5 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.0
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 2.8 2.8 1.8 2.6 3.6 5.4
Ireland 2.4 4.1 4.6 3.1 3.1 3.3
Italy 3.1 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.7
Japan 6.5 3.7 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.1
Korea .. .. .. .. .. ..
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mexico .. .. .. .. .. ..
Netherlands 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.0
New Zealand 3.2 2.4 3.3 3.8 4.6 4.5
Norway 1.1 2.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3
Poland .. .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal .. .. .. .. .. ..
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.0
Sweden 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.3
Switzerland 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.0
Turkey .. .. .. .. .. ..
United Kingdom 2.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6
United States 2.7 3.2 1.4 1.4 2.0 2.4
Euro area .. .. .. .. .. ..
European Union 3.6 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6
Total OECD 3.6 3.1 2.2 2.2 2.5 2 6
Note: Potential output is estimated using a Cobb-Douglas production
function approach. For information about definitions, sources and data
coverage, see OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 23. Structural unemployment, wage shares and
unit labor costs
Structural unemployment rate
Average Average
1982-84 1992-94 2002 2003 2004 2005
Per cent
Australia 6.1 7.2 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.5
Austria 2.8 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0
Belgium 6.8 8.6 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9
Canada 8.8 8.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 5.7 7.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9
Finland 3.9 9.1 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.2
France 5.7 10.2 9.2 9.1 9.0 8.9
Germany 4.6 6.6 73.0 7.3 7.3 7.3
Greece 5.2 8.7 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.6
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 0.6 2.1 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2
Ireland 13.1 13.9 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.3
Italy 7.2 9.6 9.0 8.9 8.8 8.7
Japan 2.2 2.5 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9
Korea .. .. .. .. .. ..
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. .. ..
Mexico .. .. .. .. .. ..
Netherlands 6.4 6.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5
New Zealand 3.0 7.8 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4
Norway 2.2 5.2 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
Poland .. .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 6.0 4.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 9.8 13.3 11.3 11.0 10.7 10.5
Sweden 2.1 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5
Switzerland 0.5 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Turkey .. .. .. .. .. ..
United Kingdom 6.1 7.1 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1
United States 5.8 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0
Euro area 6.2 8.7 8.1 8.1 8.0 7.9
European Union 6.0 8.4 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.3
Total OECD 5.3 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8
Wage shares in the business sector
Average Average 2002 2003 2004 2005
1982-84 1992-94
Per cent of business GDP
Australia 45.1 43.5 45.5 46.0 45.8 45.6
Austria 56.9 54.3 53.2 52.9 52.7 52.6
Belgium 49.4 51.2 51.0 50.1 49.5 48.8
Canada 44.6 46.8 48.9 48.2 48.3 48.3
Czech Republic .. 46.2 48.2 48.6 49.3 50.1
Denmark 38.3 40.8 41.0 41.0 40.8 40.6
Finland 48.2 42.0 40.9 41.5 40.9 40.5
France 51.5 44.2 42.1 42.4 42.3 42.1
Germany 53.0 52.3 52.3 52.4 52.0 51.8
Greece 55.1 45.8 43.4 43.0 42.7 42.5
Hungary .. 48.6 40.8 40.7 41.1 41.1
Iceland 46.9 50.3 52.7 54.5 54.8 55.6
Ireland 56.3 50.8 37.0 37.7 37.1 36.5
Italy 54.9 50.4 47.3 47.0 47.0 46.9
Japan 66.1 59.6 56.2 56.3 56.6 56.3
Korea 77.8 70.2 72.2 75.3 75.1 76.4
Luxembourg .. 47.5 47.7 48.2 47.5 46.9
Mexico .. 43.4 37.8 37.7 37.8 37.7
Netherlands 46.0 46.8 46.9 47.4 47.7 47.7
New Zealand 46.2 44.2 41.8 42.4 42.2 42.0
Norway 40.3 36.7 34.5 34.5 34.3 33.9
Poland .. 52.2 47.3 46.7 46.1 45.9
Portugal 59.3 51.5 48.6 48.7 48.8 48.6
Slovak Republic .. 37.7 35.2 34.9 34.9 36.1
Spain 52.8 49.4 48.0 47.3 47.0 46.6
Sweden 38.3 39.0 45.3 45.1 44.6 44.2
Switzerland 49.8 51.7 56.7 52.3 57.3 57.1
Turkey 42.0 70.2 39.3 38.0 36.6 35.3
United Kingdom 49.9 55.0 59.9 59.5 59.0 58.5
United States 50.6 49.7 49.6 48.6 48.4 48.7
Euro area 53.5 50.4 48.4 48.3 48.0 47.8
European Union 51.7 49.8 49.4 49.4 49.1 48.8
Total OECD 53.5 51.5 50.3 49.9 49.8 49.8
Unit labour costs in the business sector
Average Average
1982-84 1992-94 2002 2003 2004 2005
Percentage change
Australia 5.0 1.2 2.5 3.4 1.5 1.6
Austria 2.3 0.6 0.3 1.4 0.3 0.4
Belgium 3.4 1.3 3.0 0.7 0.2 -0.4
Canada 4.0 1.1 1.3 2-3 1.4 1.6
Czech Republic .. 6.3 5.8 4.0 3.2 3.5
Denmark 5.4 0.8 2.6 2.3 1.1 1.1
Finland 5.7 0.4 -0.4 2.2 -0.4 0.2
France 2.9 0.4 1.7 2.4 0.8 0.2
Germany 1.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 -0.2 0.0
Greece 16.6 6.2 3.0 2.1 2.4 2.7
Hungary .. 9.8 8.3 5.8 5.1 3.1
Iceland 28.0 13.7 3.9 4.5 4.1 4.7
Ireland 2.2 0.1 -1.6 3.1 2.0 1.3
Italy 7.2 1.4 3.3 2.5 1.6 1.9
Japan 0.2 -0.9 -3.1 -2.3 -1.1 -1.3
Korea 4.9 2.8 5.7 5.5 0.2 2.2
Luxembourg .. 1.7 4.8 2.4 1.3 1.4
Mexico 26.4 15.1 5.9 4.9 3.3 2.8
Netherlands 0.4 1.7 4.7 4.1 1.2 0.8
New Zealand 6.5 0.6 1.2 2.2 1.7 1.9
Norway 5.1 2.0 4.3 2.9 1.3 2.1
Poland .. 11.8 -0.1 -1.4 -0.6 -0.6
Portugal 14.1 3.6 3.8 3.2 1.8 0.9
Slovak Republic .. 5.5 3.8 3.9 4.3 5.3
Spain 7.4 3.0 3.3 2.6 2.6 2.3
Sweden 6.7 2.1 1.7 1.0 0.9 1.2
Switzerland 4.4 1.5 1.9 1.1 -0.5 -0.5
Turkey 60.4 60.9 25.1 19.8 9.8 6.9
United Kingdom 5.9 2.7 2.1 2.5 1.3 1.7
United States 2.8 1.8 -1.7 -0.6 0.3 1.6
Euro area 4.0 1.2 1.8 1.9 0.7 0.6
European Union 4.7 1.5 2.1 2.0 1.0 1.0
Total OECD 5.0 2.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.1
Note: The structural unemployment rate corresponds to "NAIRU".
For more information about sources and definitions, see
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 24. Household saving rates
Per cent of disposable household income
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Net savings
Australia 10.2 8.2 6.9 8.7 9.3
Austria 12.3 13.9 11.9 12.8 14.0
Canada 13.4 11.9 12.3 13.0 13.0
Finland 1.7 3.1 -1.0 -1.4 1.8
France 8.1 6.4 6.8 7.2 7.8
Germany 12.7 12.9 13.4 12.6 13.7
Ireland .. .. .. .. ..
Japan 16.5 14.0 13.2 13.3 14.0
Korea 20.0 23.1 25.1 23.6 22.0
Netherlands 15.5 13.5 13.4 15.2 17.5
New Zealand 0.4 4.0 3.3 2.9 0.7
Norway -5.5 -5.5 -2.0 0.4 1.5
United States 8.2 7.3 7.8 7.5 7.8
Gross savings
Belgium 16.7 15.2 15.4 15.0 17.3
Denmark .. .. 7.4 8.4 11.2
Italy 28.9 28.4 27.7 27.4 27.8
Portugal .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 12.1 10.6 11.0 10.2 12.3
Sweden 1.9 -2.6 -4.5 -4.4 0.0
Switzerland 2.3 4.0 6.4 7.7 8.7
United Kingdom 8.0 6.4 4.9 6.6 8.0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Net savings
Australia 6.2 5.7 5.0 5.8 4.8
Austria 14.9 12.0 10.9 11.8 11.7
Canada 13.3 13.0 11.9 9.5 9.2
Finland 7.1 10.0 7.8 1.9 4.8
France 8.7 9.7 10.4 9.8 11.2
Germany 13.1 13.0 12.3 11.6 11.2
Ireland .. .. .. .. ..
Japan 14.6 13.9 13.5 12.3 11.9
Korea 24.0 22.8 20.6 19.4 16.8
Netherlands 13.8 16.1 13.5 14.3 14.4
New Zealand 2.1 0.8 -0.2 -3.1 -3.8
Norway 2.9 5.0 6.1 5.2 4.6
United States 8.3 8.7 7.1 6.1 5.6
Gross savings
Belgium 17.4 18.4 19.5 19.5 18.8
Denmark 10.8 9.7 8.3 4.2 6.9
Italy 26.8 25.5 25.1 23.6 22.5
Portugal .. .. .. .. 13.6
Spain 13.4 11.9 14.4 11.9 16.2
Sweden 3.5 8.0 10.7 11.1 8.3
Switzerland 9.9 10.1 10.8 9.1 9.4
United Kingdom 10.2 11.6 10.8 9.3 10.0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Net savings
Australia 5.8 3.9 1.9 1.7 3.4
Austria 9.9 7.4 8.4 8.5 8.3
Canada 7.0 4.9 4.9 4.0 4.6
Finland 0.4 2.2 0.4 1.5 -1.4
France 10.0 11.3 10.8 10.4 11.0
Germany 10.8 10.4 10.3 9.8 9.8
Ireland .. .. .. .. ..
Japan 9.8 9.8 11.2 11.1 9.8
Korea 15.9 15.4 23.0 16.0 11.5
Netherlands 13.0 13.4 12.9 9.6 6.8
New Zealand -2.5 -4.1 -4.2 -5.1 -4.1
Norway 2.2 2.8 5.8 5.5 4.5
United States 4.8 4.2 4.7 2.6 2.8
Gross savings
Belgium 17.0 15.6 14.5 14.0 13.2
Denmark 5.6 3.6 5.0 1.4 4.8
Italy 23.3 20.2 17.2 15.2 14.4
Portugal 11.8 10.3 9.9 8.6 10.9
Spain 14.2 13.3 12.2 11.2 10.8
Sweden 7.1 4.9 2.5 3.3 2.4
Switzerland 8.7 10.1 8.6 8.9 8.3
United Kingdom 9.3 9.6 6.4 5.3 5.5
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Net savings
Australia 3.2 0.6 -1.1 -0.7 -0.7
Austria 7.4 7.6 7.9 7.9 8.6
Canada 4.5 4.2 2.5 2.9 2.9
Finland -1.2 -1.4 -1.5 -0.6 -0.2
France 11.5 12.0 11.4 11.4 11.2
Germany 10.3 10.6 10.7 10.9 11.4
Ireland .. .. .. .. ..
Japan 6.9 5.9 6.6 6.6 6.6
Korea 7.7 7.6 8.2 7.6 7.7
Netherlands 9.0 8.6 8.9 9.3 9.1
New Zealand -4.2 -5.2 -5.0 -5.5 -5.9
Norway 3.7 6.9 5.0 5.3 5.4
United States 2.3 3.7 3.4 3.8 4.2
Gross savings
Belgium 13.3 14.4 13.6 12.9 12.9
Denmark 7.0 7.2 8.3 8.0 6.7
Italy 15.4 15.9 15.1 14.1 13.7
Portugal 10.9 12.1 13.1 13.2 12.4
Spain 10.1 10.6 10.8 10.4 9.9
Sweden 5.2 8.2 8.2 6.5 5.7
Switzerland 9.1 9.7 10.0 9.8 9.5
United Kingdom 6.7 5.3 4.8 4.2 4.3
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95, has
been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries, both
with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. See Table
"National Account Reporting Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of
the Statistical Annex and OECD Economic Outlook Sources and
Methods (http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods). Countries differ
in the way household disposable income is reported (in particular
whether private pension benefits less pension contributions are
included in disposable income or not), but the calculation of household
saving is adjusted for this difference. Most countries are reporting
household saving on a net basis (i.e. excluding consumption of fixed
capital by households and unincorporated businesses). In most countries
the households saving include saving by non-profit institutions
(in some cases referred to as personal saving). Other countries
(Czech Republic, Finland, France, Japan and New Zealand) report saving
of households only.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 25. Gross national saving
Per cent of nominal GDP
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
Australia 20.0 18.9 19.4 21.3 22.6
Austria 23.2 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.9
Belgium 17.8 17.9 19.0 19.8 22.5
Canada 20.8 20.2 18.8 20.0 20.8
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 17.1 17.4 18.3 18.6 19.2
Finland 25.4 24.4 23.8 23.7 26.2
France 18.3 18.1 19.4 19.6 20.8
Germany 22.6 23.1 24.6 23.8 24.9
Greece 23.0 22.6 22.4 18.9 21.3
Iceland 17.7 15.9 19.0 16.6 16.3
Ireland 14.1 13.5 13.4 14.5 14.7
Italy 23.1 22.6 22.4 21.9 21.8
Japan 31.2 32.0 32.2 32.8 33.6
Korea 30.6 30.6 34.6 38.4 40.7
Mexico 25.7 25.8 19.1 24.5 21.3
Netherlands 25.0 23.9 24.2 23.9 25.6
New Zealand 19.1 18.6 18.9 18.0 18.6
Norway 32.0 31.1 25.4 25.6 25.0
Portugal 7.5 8.7 10.6 11.9 11.6
Spain 21.2 21.9 22.9 22.6 23.5
Sweden 18.3 18.0 18.4 18.4 18.8
Switzerland 30.0 30.4 30.0 29.8 31.8
Turkey 16.3 20.7 23.9 24.3 28.9
United Kingdom 18.2 18.2 17.3 17.3 17.2
United States 18.5 17.2 15.4 15.9 17.2
European Union 20.6 20.6 21.2 20.9 21.7
Total OECD 21.9 21.5 21.0 21.5 22.4
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Australia 21.7 18.1 16.2 17.2 18.6
Austria 24.4 25.0 24.8 23.9 22.4
Belgium 23.6 23.9 23.1 23.5 24.6
Canada 20.1 17.6 14.9 13.6 14.2
Czech Republic .. .. .. 27.9 28.1
Denmark 19.5 20.7 20.0 20.3 19.2
Finland 26.1 24.8 17.1 14.4 15.5
France 21.6 21.5 20.9 20.5 19.0
Germany 26.1 26.1 23.3 23.1 21.9
Greece 19.0 19.1 20.7 20.0 18.5
Iceland 16.3 17.4 16.8 16.7 18.3
Ireland 15.0 18.0 17.7 15.6 17.7
Italy 21.0 20.7 19.6 18.3 19.2
Japan 33.6 33.6 34.4 33.6 32.1
Korea 37.6 37.6 37.4 36.5 36.2
Mexico 20.3 20.3 18.7 16.6 15.1
Netherlands 27.2 26.1 25.4 24.5 24.6
New Zealand 17.8 16.2 13.0 13.9 16.6
Norway 26.0 25.7 24.7 23.7 23.8
Portugal 12.4 11.1 8.6 8.0 5.0
Spain 22.9 22.9 22.3 20.5 20.5
Sweden 19.2 18.2 16.6 15.0 14.0
Switzerland 32.5 32.3 30.2 28.4 28.9
Turkey 26.4 21.5 17.7 18.5 18.7
United Kingdom 17.1 16.2 15.3 14.0 13.9
United States 16.7 15.9 16.1 15.1 15.0
European Union 22.0 21.7 20.5 19.6 19.1
Total OECD 22.2 21.6 21.0 20.1 19.8
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Australia 17.5 17.8 18.9 19.0 18.6
Austria 22.3 21.6 21.4 21.3 21.8
Belgium 25.9 25.8 24.6 25.7 25.7
Canada 16.5 18.6 19.1 19.9 19.4
Czech Republic 27.3 29.9 27.4 26.1 27.8
Denmark 19.1 20.4 20.4 21.2 20.8
Finland 18.8 22.2 21.1 24.5 25.8
France 19.2 19.5 19.2 20.4 21.4
Germany 21.9 21.8 21.3 21.4 21.5
Greece 19.4 18.0 17.4 17.9 17.8
Iceland 18.5 17.7 17.9 18.6 17.9
Ireland 18.0 20.8 22.3 24.2 25.9
Italy 19.7 21.6 21.9 21.6 21.2
Japan 30.3 29.4 29.7 29.9 29.0
Korea 35.6 35.4 33.7 33.3 33.7
Mexico 14.8 19.3 22.4 24.0 20.5
Netherlands 26.2 27.4 26.7 27.9 25.2
New Zealand 17.3 17.2 16.2 15.8 15.4
Norway 24.8 26.4 28.4 30.1 27.3
Portugal 4.1 4.7 3.8 3.7 4.3
Spain 20.0 22.3 22.0 22.5 22.4
Sweden 17.7 20.7 20.2 20.5 21.3
Switzerland 27.9 28.5 27.9 30.3 30.7
Turkey 18.9 20.1 22.6 21.6 20.6
United Kingdom 15.5 15.7 15.6 16.9 17.6
United States 15.8 16.4 16.7 17.6 18.3
European Union 19.7 20.4 20.2 20.7 20.9
Total OECD 20.0 20.7 20.8 21.5 21.5
1999 2000 2001 2002
Australia 19.3 18.7 19.1 ..
Austria 21.2 22.0 21.7 22.9
Belgium 26.1 25.7 24.5 24.1
Canada 21.0 24.1 22.8 22.3
Czech Republic 25.4 24.4 .. ..
Denmark 21.5 22.8 23.5 22.8
Finland 25.8 27.8 27.3 26.4
France 22.3 22.4 22.0 20.9
Germany 20.8 20.6 20.2 21.1
Greece 16.8 17.6 18.3 18.2
Iceland 15.6 14.3 18.0 18.8
Ireland 24.7 25.2 22.8 20.5
Italy 20.7 20.0 20.0 19.7
Japan 27.8 27.7 26.4 ..
Korea 32.6 32.2 30.1 29.1
Mexico 20.5 20.7 18.0 ..
Netherlands 26.6 27.1 25.2 22.6
New Zealand 14.0 15.4 18.2 ..
Norway 29.1 36.5 35.1 32.1
Portugal 3.1 0.6 0.8 0.9
Spain 22.5 22.5 22.6 22.8
Sweden 21.7 22.6 22.1 21.2
Switzerland 31.4 33.6 29.5 ..
Turkey 13.7 15.2 12.6 ..
United Kingdom 15.5 15.3 15.4 15.1
United States 17.9 18.0 16.1 14.6
European Union 20.5 20.4 20.1 19.9
Total OECD 21.0 21.1 19.9 17.9
Note: Based on SNA93 or ESA95 except for Switzerland and Turkey
that report on SNA68 basis.
Source OECD.
Annex Table 26. General government total outlays
Percent of nominal GDP
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia 37.6 37.9 38.6 37.2 36.3
Austria 55.8 56.1 55.2 53.6 53.1
Belgium 58.9 57.0 55.1 53.4 53.4
Canada 47.5 46.1 45.4 45.8 48.8
Czech Republic (a) .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 53.3 55.0 57.2 57.3 57.0
Finland 47.9 48.5 47.0 45.2 48.6
France 52.7 51.9 51.4 50.4 50.7
Germany (b) 45.4 45.8 45.4 44.0 44.4
Greece 45.2 45.1 44.0 45.4 50.2
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 40.6 37.5 42.6 45.2 42.4
Ireland 53.9 51.4 48.7 42.5 43.2
Italy 51.4 50.8 51.5 52.8 54.4
Japan (c) 31.2 31.7 31.1 30.5 32.1
Korea 18.8 17.8 17.9 18-9 19.5
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. 43.2
Netherlands (d) 56.9 58.4 56.6 54.5 54.8
New Zealand .. 53.6 52.7 52.0 53.3
Norway 48.3 50.5 52.6 52.2 52.8
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 41.3 40.0 38.5 38.8 42.1
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 42.6 41.0 40.9 42.2 43.4
Sweden 62.0 58.3 58.6 58.6 59.4
United Kingdom 45.6 43.6 41.1 40.5 42.2
United States (e) 37.0 36.7 35.8 35.6 36.5
Euro area 49.2 48.9 48.5 47.9 48.7
European Union 49.2 48.5 47.8 47.4 48.3
Total OECD 40.6 40.3 39.6 39.3 40.3
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia 38.4 40.3 40.2 39.4 39.7
Austria 54.2 54.9 57.9 57.4 57.3
Belgium 54.4 54.7 55.6 53.3 52.8
Canada 52.3 53.3 0.5 49.7 48.5
Czech Republic (a) .. 38.0 43.1 44.8 43.9
Denmark 57-8 59.0 61.7 61.6 60.3
Finland 57.7 63.0 64.2 62.9 59.6
France 51.5 53.0 55.3 54.9 55.0
Germany (b) 47.1 48.1 49.3 49.0 49.4
Greece 46.7 49.4 52.0 49.9 50.0
Hungary 56.7 60.3 59.8 63.4 56.9
Iceland 43.7 44.7 44.6 44.4 43.7
Ireland 44.8 45.2 45.1 44.3 41.5
Italy 55.5 56.7 57.7 54.5 53.4
Japan (c) 31.8 32.8 34.7 35.2 36.1
Korea 20.7 21.9 21.3 20.9 20.6
Luxembourg 44.5 46.0 45.7 44.5 45.5
Netherlands (d) 54.8 55.8 56.0 53.6 51.4
New Zealand 51.5 49.5 46.0 43.0 41.9
Norway 54.9 56.3 55.1 54.1 51.6
Poland 53.4 54.9 54.3 49.4 47.2
Portugal 45.1 46.2 47.8 46.0 45.0
Slovak Republic .. .. .. 59.0 54.8
Spain 44.9 45.9 49.4 47.3 45.0
Sweden 62.3 67.5 73.0 70.9 67.6
United Kingdom 44.0 45.7 45.7 45.0 44.6
United States (e) 37.2 38.0 37.5 36.5 36.4
Euro area 50.1 51.3 53.0 51.8 51.4
European Union 49.9 51.3 52.7 51.5 50.9
Total OECD 41.7 42.7 43.3 42.4 42.1
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia 39.0 37.5 37.1 35.9 36.3
Austria 56.8 54.1 54.2 54.2 52.4
Belgium 53.0 51.4 50.7 50.1 49.4
Canada 46.6 44.3 44.4 42.5 41.0
Czech Republic (a) 42.3 41.7 40.5 42.2 43.4
Denmark 59.8 58.0 57.6 56.3 54.7
Finland 59.7 56.4 52.8 52.1 49.0
France 55.4 54.9 53.7 53.5 52.5
Germany (b) 50.3 49.3 48.8 48.7 45.7
Greece 48.2 47.8 47.4 47.5 49.7
Hungary 53.9 51.8 52.8 50.0 48.0
Iceland 43.3 41.7 42.4 43.3 42.8
Ireland 39.6 37.1 35.0 34.6 32.0
Italy 53.2 51.1 49.9 48.9 46.8
Japan (c) 36.6 35.4 36.5 38.1 38.6
Korea 22.0 22.9 25.6 24.6 24.4
Luxembourg 45.6 43.3 42.0 41.3 38.5
Netherlands (d) 49.6 48.2 47.2 46.9 45.3
New Zealand 41.0 41.6 42.9 41.4 40.2
Norway 49.2 47.3 49.7 48.3 43.4
Poland 46.2 45.6 43.8 43.4 45.3
Portugal 45.8 44.8 44.1 45.3 45.2
Slovak Republic 62.5 65.4 62.4 59.7 65.4
Spain 43.7 41.8 41.4 40.2 39.8
Sweden 65.2 63.1 60.7 60.2 57.4
United Kingdom 42.7 41.0 39.8 39.2 37.0
United States (e) 35.9 34.8 34.0 33.7 33.6
Euro area 51.5 50.2 49.3 48.9 47.0
European Union 50.5 49.1 48.2 47.7 45.9
Total OECD 41.8 40.6 40.2 40.0 39.3
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 37.1 36.3 36.2 35.7 35.2
Austria 51.8 51.3 51.6 51.0 50.6
Belgium 49.5 50.5 49.7 49.7 49.3
Canada 41.4 40.6 40.1 40.1 39.9
Czech Republic (a) 42.5 44.4 47.1 46.1 45.4
Denmark 55.3 55.5 56.6 56.4 55.8
Finland 49.1 50.0 51.0 50.8 50.4
France 52.5 53.4 54.4 54.1 53.6
Germany (b) 48.3 48.5 49.4 48.6 47.6
Greece 47.6 46.8 46.7 46.6 46.2
Hungary 48.5 51.6 48.4 48.2 46.9
Iceland 42.8 45.5 46.5 44.5 42.9
Ireland 34.1 33.5 35.2 35.1 34.9
Italy 48.5 47.7 48.5 47.9 48.5
Japan (c) 38.0 38.7 38.3 38.1 38.1
Korea 27.1 25.3 29.1 28.9 28.9
Luxembourg 39.1 44.2 46.6 46.3 46.4
Netherlands (d) 46.6 47.5 48.6 48.2 47.8
New Zealand 39.1 39.2 39.8 39.9 39.9
Norway 44.8 47.7 48.4 48.7 49.4
Poland 46.2 46.5 46.8 47.2 47.2
Portugal 46.3 46.1 46.8 46.1 45.1
Slovak Republic 55.5 50.8 47.6 45.2 44.0
Spain 39.4 39.7 39.3 39.1 38.9
Sweden 57.1 58.4 59.0 58.6 57.5
United Kingdom 40.3 40.8 42.8 43.0 43.4
United States (e) 34.7 35.5 35.9 35.7 35.7
Euro area 48.1 48.2 48.9 48.4 47.9
European Union 47.3 47.5 48.4 48.0 47.7
Total OECD 40.3 40.7 41.2 40.9 40.8
Note: Total outlays are defined as current outlays plus capital
outlays. Data refer to the general government sector, which is a
consolidation of accounts for the central, state and local governments
plus social security. One-off-revenues from the sale of mobile
telephone licenses are recorded as negative capital outlays for
countries listed in the note to Table 28. See OECD Economic Outlook
Sources and Methods (http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) Data are based on the IMF methodology used for the Government
Finance Statistics adjusted for losses of transformation institutions
and financial operations.
(b) The 1995 outlays are net of the debt taken on this year from the
Inherited Debt funds.
(c) The 1998 outlays would be 5.2 percentage points of GDP higher if
account were taken of the assumption by the central government of the
debt of the Japan Railway Settlement Corporation and the National Forest
Special Account. The 2000 outlays include capital transfers to the
Deposit Insurance Company.
(d) The 1995 outlays would be 4.9 percentage points of GDP higher if
capital transfers to a housing agency offering rentals to low income
people were taken into account.
(e) These data include outlays net of operating surpluses of public
enterprises.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 27. General government total tax and non-tax receipts
Per cent of nominal GDP
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia 36.7 37.5 36.2 35.2 34.8
Austria 51.9 51.6 51.7 50.5 50.6
Belgium 48.8 49.0 47.7 45.7 46.6
Canada 40.4 40.6 41.0 41.2 42.9
Czech Republic (a) .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 56.6 0.6 58.7 57.6 56.0
Finland 51.9 50.1 52.3 52.1 54.0
France 49.5 49.9 48.9 48.6 48.6
Germany 44.2 44.0 43.4 44.1 42.5
Greece 35.6 35.5 32.4 31.8 34.5
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 36.5 36.7 40.6 40.6 39.1
Ireland 43.7 43.3 44.4 40.8 40.4
Italy 39.2 39.1 40.2 41.1 42.6
Japan (b) 30.6 32.0 32.2 32.3 34.2
Korea 20.4 20.4 21.5 22.4 23.0
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. 48.1
Netherlands 52.4 53.2 52.4 49.5 49.4
New Zealand .. 51.0 48.8 48.3 48.9
Norway 54.1 55.1 55.3 54.0 55.4
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 33.4 32.8 34.8 35.7 35.5
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 36.6 38.0 37.8 39.6 39.5
Sweden 60.7 62.1 61.5 63.3 63.1
United Kingdom 42.9 41.8 41.6 41.3 40.7
United States (c) 31.7 32.4 32.2 32.4 32.1
Euro area 44.3 44.4 44.0 44.1 44.1
European Union 44.5 44.5 44.3 44.4 44.3
Total OECD 36.5 37.1 37.0 37.1 37.3
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia 34.2 33.9 34.4 34.6 35.9
Austria 51.2 52.9 53.7 52.4 52.0
Belgium 46.9 46.6 48.3 48.3 48.5
Canada 43.9 44.2 43.5 43.0 43.2
Czech Republic (a) .. 43.0 43.5 43.5 42.8
Denmark 55.4 56.8 58.9 59.1 58.0
Finland 56.7 57.5 56.9 57.2 55.7
France 49.1 48.8 49.3 49.4 49.5
Germany 44.2 45.5 46.2 46.6 46.1
Greece 35.6 37.2 38.6 40.7 39.9
Hungary 53.7 53.2 53.2 52.3 49.3
Iceland 40.8 41.9 40.0 39.6 40.7
Ireland 42.0 42.3 42.3 42.3 39.4
Italy 43.8 46.1 47.4 45.2 45.8
Japan (b) 33.7 33.6 32.2 31.4 31.4
Korea 22.5 23.3 23.8 24.0 24.8
Luxembourg 45.6 46.2 47.3 47.3 47.6
Netherlands 52.2 51.6 53.2 50.1 47.3
New Zealand 47.7 46.3 44.7 45.4 44.9
Norway 55.0 54.4 53.7 54.4 55.0
Poland 44.1 47.9 49.8 45.9 44.8
Portugal 37.5 41.5 39.7 38.3 39.6
Slovak Republic .. .. .. 52.7 54.0
Spain 40.3 42.3 42.4 40.8 38.4
Sweden 60.4 59.9 61.4 60.4 60.2
United Kingdom 40.9 39.3 37.7 38.2 38.9
United States (c) 32.2 32.2 32.5 32.9 33.3
Euro area 45.1 46.3 47.2 46.7 46.4
European Union 45.2 45.9 46.3 45.8 45.5
Total OECD 37.8 38.2 38.3 38.1 38.2
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia 36.8 37.1 37.9 37.8 36.9
Austria 52.8 52.1 51.7 51.8 50.8
Belgium 49.2 49.5 50.0 49.6 49.5
Canada 43.8 44.5 44.5 44.1 44.1
Czech Republic (a) 41.3 40.3 39.2 39.9 40.0
Denmark 58.8 58.3 58.7 59.5 57.2
Finland 56.7 55.1 54.4 54.2 56.1
France 51.3 51.8 51.1 51.7 51.1
Germany 46.9 46.6 46.6 47.3 47.1
Greece 40.8 43.7 44.9 45.7 47.7
Hungary 48.1 44.6 44.7 44.4 44.9
Iceland 41.6 41.7 42.9 45.7 45.3
Ireland 39.4 38.6 37.2 36.8 36.5
Italy 46.1 48.4 46.8 47.1 46.2
Japan (b) 31.6 31.6 31.0 30.9 31.1
Korea 25.8 26.5 27.5 27.7 30.5
Luxembourg 47.5 46.5 45.1 44.8 44.9
Netherlands 47.8 47.1 46.4 47.6 47.5
New Zealand 43.9 43.5 43.2 42.0 41.7
Norway 55.6 55.1 53.2 54.4 58.4
Poland 43.3 42.8 41.5 41.4 42.8
Portugal 41.0 41.2 41.0 42.4 42.3
Slovak Republic 55.0 59.2 57.1 51.9 51.5
Spain 38.8 38.6 38.3 39.0 39.0
Sweden 62.3 61.3 62.9 61.6 60.8
United Kingdom 38.5 38.8 39.9 40.3 40.9
United States (c) 33.7 33.9 34.3 34.4 35.1
Euro area 47.2 47.5 47.0 47.6 47.2
European Union 46.2 46.6 46.4 46.9 46.6
Total OECD 38.6 38.9 38.8 39.0 39.3
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 37.0 37.4 37.0 36.2 35.7
Austria 51.9 51.0 50.4 49.9 48.9
Belgium 50.0 50.5 49.9 49.7 48.8
Canada 42.8 41.4 41.2 40.9 40.8
Czech Republic (a) 39.7 40.5 40.5 40.4 40.3
Denmark 58.0 57.5 57.4 57.3 57.2
Finland 54.3 54.2 53.6 52.7 52.4
France 50.9 50.3 50.4 50.4 50.2
Germany 45.5 45.0 45.3 44.9 44.1
Greece 46.2 45.2 45.1 45.1 44.8
Hungary 43.8 42.3 43.1 43.9 43.6
Iceland 43.1 44.6 45.5 44.7 43.7
Ireland 35.0 33.3 34.2 33.8 33.5
Italy 45.8 45.2 45.8 45.0 44.6
Japan (b) 31.9 31.5 30.9 31.2 31.2
Korea 32.0 32.6 32.6 32.9 33.4
Luxembourg 45.3 46.7 46.3 44.5 43.7
Netherlands 46.6 45.9 46.2 45.7 45.9
New Zealand 41.1 41.8 42.5 42.1 41.9
Norway 58.5 58.6 58.2 58.3 57.8
Poland 43.2 42.8 42.6 42.2 42.3
Portugal 42.0 43.3 43.9 43.1 42.8
Slovak Republic 48.7 43.6 42.5 41.0 40.5
Spain 39.1 39.8 39.4 39.3 39.2
Sweden 61.6 59.5 59.3 59.2 58.5
United Kingdom 41.0 39.3 39.9 40.0 40.1
United States (c) 34.3 32.1 31.0 30.6 30.8
Euro area 46.4 46.0 46.1 45.7 45.2
European Union 46.2 45.5 45.8 45.5 45.1
Total OECD 38.9 37.8 37.4 37.1 37.1
Note: Data refer to the general government sector, which is a
consolidation for central, state and local governments plus social
security. Non-tax receipts consist of property income (including
dividends and other transfers from public enterprises), fees,
charges, sales, fines, capital transfers received by the general
government, etc. See OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) Data are based on the IMF methodology used for the Government
Finance Statistics.
(b) Includes deferred tax payments on postal savings accounts in 2000,
2001 and 2002.
(c) Excludes the operating surpluses of public enterprises.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 28. General government financial balances
( ) or deficit (-) as a per cent of nominal GDP
Surplus 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia -0.9 -0.4 -2.3 -2.0 -1.5
Austria -4.0 -4.5 -3.5 -3.1 -2.4
Belgium 10.1 -7.9 -7.3 -7.7 -6.8
Canada -7.1 -5.4 -4.3 -4.6 -5.9
Czech Republic (a) .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 3.3 2.5 1.5 0.3 -1.0
Finland 4.0 1.6 5.3 6.9 5.5
France -3.2 -2.0 -2.5 -1.8 -2.1
Germany -1.1 -1.8 -2.0 0.1 -2.0
Greece -9.6 -9.6 -11.6 -13.6 -15.7
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland -4.1 -0.9 -2.0 -4.6 -3.3
Ireland -10.2 -8.2 -4.2 -1.7 -2.8
Italy -12.2 -11.8 -11.3 -11.7 -11.8
Japan (b) -0.7 0.3 1.1 1.8 2.0
Korea 1.6 2.7 3.6 3.5 3.5
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. 4.9
Netherlands -4.5 -5.3 -4.2 -5.0 -5.3
New Zealand -6.7 -2.6 -4.0 -3.7 -4.3
Norway 5.9 4.6 2.6 1.8 2.6
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal -7.9 -7.2 -3.8 -3.1 -6.6
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain -6.0 -3.1 -3.1 -2.6 -3.9
Sweden -1.3 3.8 2.9 4.7 3.7
United Kingdom -2.6 -1.8 0.5 0.8 -1.6
United States (c) -5.3 -4.3 -3.6 -3.2 -4.3
Euro area -4.9 -4.6 -4.4 -3.7 -4.6
European Union -4.7 -4.0 -3.6 -2.9 -4.1
Total OECD -4.1 -3.2 -2.7 -2.2 -3.0
Memorandum items
General government financial balances
excluding social security
United States -5.4 -4.8 -4.4 -4.2 -5.4
Japan (d) -3.5 -2.5 -2.0 -1.4 -1.4
Surplus 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia -4.3 -6.4 -5.8 -4.8 -3.9
Austria -3.0 -2.0 -4.2 -5.0 -5.3
Belgium -7.5 -8.1 -7.3 -5.0 -4.3
Canada -8.4 -9.1 -8.7 -6.7 -5.3
Czech Republic (a) .. 5.0 0.4 -1.2 -1.1
Denmark -2.4 -2.2 -2.9 -2.4 -2.3
Finland -1.0 -5.5 -7.2 -5.7 -3.9
France -2.4 -4.2 -6.0 -5.5 -5.5
Germany -3.0 -2.6 -3.1 -2.4 -3.3
Greece -11.0 -12.2 -13.4 -9.3 -10.2
Hungary -3.0 -7.1 -6.6 -11.0 -7.6
Iceland -3.0 -2.9 -4.6 -4.8 -3.0
Ireland -2.9 -3.0 -2.7 -2.0 -2.1
Italy -11.7 -10.7 -10.3 -9.3 -7.6
Japan(b) 1.8 0.8 -2.4 -3.7 -4.7
Korea 1.8 1.4 2.5 3.1 4.2
Luxembourg 1.1 0.2 1.5 2.7 2.1
Netherlands -2.7 -4.2 -2.8 -3.5 -4.2
New Zealand -3.8 -3.3 -1.3 2.5 3.0
Norway 0.1 -1.9 -1.5 0.3 3.4
Poland -9.4 -7.1 -4.5 -3.5 -2.5
Portugal -7.6 -4.8 -8.1 -7.7 -5.5
Slovak Republic .. .. .. -6.3 -0.9
Spain -4.6 -3.7 -7.0 -6.5 -6.6
Sweden -1.9 -7.6 -11.6 -10.5 -7.4
United Kingdom -3.1 -6.4 -7.9 -6.7 -5.8
United States (c) -5.0 -5.9 -5.0 -3.6 -3.1
Euro area -5.0 -5.1 -5.8 -5.1 -5.0
European Union -4.7 -5.4 -6.4 -5.6 -5.4
Total OECD -3.8 -4.6 -5.0 -4.3 -4.0
Memorandum items
General government financial balances
excluding social security
United States -5.9 -6.7 -5.7 -4.5 -3.9
Japan (d) -0.8 -1.7 -4.7 -5.7 -6.6
Surplus 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia -2.2 -0.4 0.7 1.9 0.6
Austria -4.0 -2.0 -2.5 -2.4 -1.6
Belgium -3.8 -2.0 -0.7 -0.4 0.1
Canada -2.8 0.2 0.1 1.6 3.0
Czech Republic (a) -1.0 -1.4 -1.4 -2.4 -3.4
Denmark -1.0 0.4 1.1 3.2 2.5
Finland -2.9 -1.3 1.6 2.2 7.1
France -4.1 -3.0 -2.7 -1.8 -1.4
Germany -3.4 -2.7 -2.2 -1.5 1.3
Greece -7.4 -4.0 -2.5 -1.8 -2.0
Hungary -5.9 -7.2 -8.0 -5.6 -3.0
Iceland -1.6 0.0 0.5 2.4 2.5
Ireland -0.1 1.4 2.3 2.3 4.4
Italy -7.1 -2.7 -3.1 -1.8 -0.7
Japan (b) -5.0 -3.8 -5.5 -7.2 -7.4
Korea 3.8 3.6 1.9 3.1 6.2
Luxembourg 1.9 3.2 3.2 3.5 6.4
Netherlands -1.8 -1.1 -0.8 0.7 2.2
New Zealand 2.9 1.9 0.3 0.6 1.5
Norway 6.5 7.8 3.6 6.1 15.0
Poland -2.9 -2.8 -2.3 -2.0 -2.5
Portugal -4.8 -3.6 -3.2 -2.9 -2.9
Slovak Republic -7.5 -6.2 -5.3 -7.9 -13.9
Spain -5.0 -3.2 -3.0 -1.2 -0.8
Sweden -2.9 -1.7 2.3 1.3 3.4
United Kingdom -4.2 -2.2 0.1 1.1 3.9
United States (c) -2.2 -0.9 0.3 0.7 1.4
Euro area -4.3 -2.6 -2.3 -1.3 0.1
European Union -4.3 -2.5 -1.8 -0.8 0.7
Total OECD -3.2 -1.8 -1.4 -1.0 0.0
Memorandum items
General government financial balances
excluding social security
United States -3.1 -2.0 -0.9 -0.7 -0.1
Japan (d) -6.8 -5.5 -6.8 -8.2 -7.9
Surplus 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 0.0 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.5
Austria 0.1 -0.4 -1.3 -1.2 -1.8
Belgium 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.5
Canada 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8
Czech Republic (a) -2.7 -3.9 -6.6 -5.7 -5.1
Denmark 2.8 2.0 0.8 1.0 1.5
Finland 5.2 4.2 2.6 1.9 2.0
France -1.5 -3.1 -4.0 -3.7 -3.5
Germany -2.8 -3.5 -4.1 -3.7 -3.5
Greece -1.4 -1.5 -1.6 -1.6 -1.5
Hungary -4.7 -9.2 -5.2 -4.3 -3.3
Iceland 0.3 -1.0 -1.0 0.2 0.8
Ireland 0.9 -0.2 -1.0 -1.3 -1.3
Italy -2.7 -2.5 -2.7 -2.9 -3.9
Japan (b) -6.1 -7.1 -7.4 -6.8 -6.9
Korea 4.9 7.3 3.5 4.0 4.5
Luxembourg 6.2 2.4 -0.3 -1.8 -2.6
Netherlands 0.0 -1.6 -2.4 -2.5 -1.8
New Zealand 2.0 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.0
Norway 13.7 10.9 9.8 9.7 8.4
Poland -3.0 -3.7 -4.2 -5.0 -4.8
Portugal -4.3 -2.7 -2.9 -3.0 -2.3
Slovak Republic -6.8 -7.2 -5.1 -4.1 -3.5
Spain -0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3
Sweden 4.6 1.1 0.2 0.5 1.0
United Kingdom 0.7 -1.5 -2.9 -2.9 -3.2
United States (c) -0.5 -3.4 -4.9 -5.1 -4.9
Euro area -1.7 -2.3 -2.7 -2.6 -2.7
European Union -1.1 -2.0 -2.7 -2.6 -2.7
Total OECD -1.3 -2.9 -3.8 -3.8 -3.7
Memorandum items
General government financial balances
excluding social security
United States -2.1 -5.0 -6.6 -6.9 -6.8
Japan (d) -6.2 -7.2 -7.4 -6.8 -6.8
Note: Financial balances include one-off revenues from the sale of the
mobile telephone licenses. These revenues are substantial in a number
of countries including Australia (2000-2001), Austria (2000), Belgium
(2001), Denmark (2001), France (2001-2002), Germany (2000), Greece
(2001), Ireland (2002), Italy (2000), Netherlands (2000), New Zealand
(2001), Portugal (2000), Spain (2000) and the United Kingdom (2000).
Finally, being on a national account basis, the government financial
balance may differ from the numbers reported to the European Commission
under the Excessive Deficit Procedure for some EU countries and for
some years. See OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) Data are based on the IMF methodology used for the Government
Finance Statistics adjusted for losses of transformation institutions
and financial operations.
(b) Deferred tax payments on postal savings accounts are included in
2000, 2001 and 2002. The 2000 outlays include capital transfers to
the Deposit Insurance Company.
(c) The general government sector includes public enterprises.
(d) From 1991 onwards data are based on SNA93 and thus exclude private
pension funds.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 29. Cyclically-adjusted general government balances
Surplus ( ) or deficit (-) as a per cent of potential GDP
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia -0.5 -0.3 -2.4 -2.1 -1.1
Austria -3.2 -3.6 -3.1 -3.2 -3.1
Belgium -8.0 -6.4 -7.7 -8.8 -8.5
Canada -7.1 -6.1 -6.0 -6.2 -6.5
Denmark 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.5 -0.4
Finland 4.2 0.8 3.0 3.4 3.3
France -1.6 -0.7 -2.1 -2.2 -2.8
Germany -1.6 -2.2 -3.1 -1.3 -4.5
Greece -9.1 -7.7 -11.1 -14.2 -15.7
Iceland -4.3 -2.9 -3.0 -4.7 -3.3
Ireland -8.0 -6.5 -3.5 -1.8 -4.3
Italy -11.3 -11.2 -11.6 -12.5 -12.4
Japan (a) -0.2 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.2
Netherlands -3.9 -4.2 -3.4 -6.0 -7.6
New Zealand -8.4 -3.6 -3.8 -3.3 -2.8
Norway (b) 0.6 0.2 0.9 0.5 -0.9
Portugal -5.1 -5.7 -3.6 -3.9 -7.8
Spain -4.7 -2.6 -3.6 -3.6 -5.1
Sweden -3.1 1.2 -0.2 1.4 1.2
United Kingdom -2.4 -2.9 -1.9 -1.4 -3.0
United States -5.0 -4.2 -3.9 -3.7 -4.5
Euro area -4.2 -4.1 -4.8 -4.8 -6.2
European Union -4.1 -3.8 -4.3 -4.1 -5.5
Total OECD -3.9 -3.3 -3.3 -3.1 -3.9
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia -2.8 -4.7 -4.7 -4.3 -3.5
Austria -3.8 -2.6 -4.2 -5.0 -5.1
Belgium -8.6 -8.5 -5.8 -4.0 -3.5
Canada -6.9 -7.0 -6.8 -6.0 -4.8
Denmark -1.5 -0.6 0.0 -2.2 -2.3
Finland 2.1 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.5
France -2.7 -42.0 -4.9 -4.5 -4.5
Germany -3.7 -3.2 -2.1 -1.7 -2.8
Greece -11.3 -11.9 -11.4 -7.4 -8.3
Iceland -1.8 0.3 -1.3 -2.7 -0.6
Ireland -3.0 -2.2 -0.9 -0.1 -1.2
Italy -12.0 -10.3 -8.6 -8.1 -7.1
Japan (a) 1.4 0.5 -2.4 -3.5 -4.5
Netherlands -4.5 -5.0 -2.2 -3.2 -4.3
New Zealand -0.6 0.1 0.2 2.2 2.4
Norway (b) -4.3 -6.5 -6.6 -5.2 -2.1
Portugal -9.4 -5.7 -7.2 -6.3 -4.7
Spain -5.6 -3.8 -5.4 -4.8 -4.9
Sweden -2.1 -5.0 -6.6 -7.0 -5.5
United Kingdom -2.4 -4.4 -5.7 -5.6 -4.9
United States -4.3 -5.3 -4.4 -3.5 -2.9
Euro area -5.8 -5.3 -4.4 -4.0 -4.2
European Union -5.1 -5.1 -4.9 -4.5 -4.5
Total OECD -3.8 -4.4 -4.4 -4.0 -3.8
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia -2.0 -0.3 0.4 1.4 0.3
Austria -3.9 -1.9 -2.9 -2.9 -2.8
Belgium -2.3 -1.5 -0.5 -0.9 -1.4
Canada -1.8 0.9 0.6 1.4 2.2
Denmark -1.2 -0.4 0.3 2.2 1.2
Finland 1.3 0.7 2.4 2.8 6.4
France -2.6 -1.4 -1.6 -1.2 -1.6
Germany -2.5 -1.7 -1.4 -0.9 -1.4
Greece -5.7 -2.8 -1.2 -0.6 -1.2
Iceland -0.5 0.2 -0.1 1.5 0.8
Ireland 0.5 1.1 2.1 1.1 2.4
Italy -6.3 -2.2 -2.7 -1.3 -2.1
Japan (a) -5.3 -4.1 -5.2 -6.5 -7.1
Netherlands -2.2 -1.9 -2.2 -1.5 -1.1
New Zealand 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.3
Norway (b) -2.0 -1.5 -2.6 -1.5 -0.1
Portugal -4.5 -3.7 -3.8 -3.8 -4.2
Spain -3.1 -1.8 -2.3 -1.0 -1.3
Sweden -0.5 0.2 3.2 0.9 1.9
United Kingdom -3.4 -1.9 0.1 1.1 0.9
United States -2.2 -1.2 -0.2 0.1 0.9
Euro area -3.1 -1.6 -1.7 -1.0 -1.4
European Union -3.3 -1.7 -1.3 -0.7 -1.0
Total OECD -3.0 -1.7 -1.4 -1.2 -1.1
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia -0.2 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.7
Austria -0.1 -0.3 -0.9 -0.6 -1.3
Belgium -0.2 0.5 1.4 1.3 0.3
Canada 1.2 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.7
Denmark 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8
Finland 5.5 4.8 4.2 2.9 2.2
France -1.7 -3.0 -2.9 -2.5 -2.4
Germany -2.6 -2.6 -2.3 -1.9 -2.1
Greece -1.7 -1.5 -2.0 -2.1 -2.0
Iceland -1.2 -1.5 -1.0 0.1 0.3
Ireland -1.0 -2.4 -1.9 -1.7 -1.8
Italy -2.9 -2.1 -1.8 -2.1 -3.4
Japan (a) -5.5 -6.3 -6.9 -6.5 -6.6
Netherlands -1.7 -1.8 -1.2 -0.5 -0.2
New Zealand 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.0
Norway (b) -0.3 -1.3 -1.6 -1.7 -2.3
Portugal -4.7 -2.3 -1.6 -1.7 -1.3
Spain -0.4 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3
Sweden 4.1 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.9
United Kingdom 0.5 -1.3 -2.3 -2.5 -3.0
United States -2.0 -3.0 -4.5 -5.1 -5.0
Euro area -1.9 -1.9 -1.7 -1.5 -1.8
European Union -1.3 -1.7 -1.7 -1.5 -1.9
Total OECD -1.4 -2.8 -3.4 -3.6 -3.7
Note: Cyclically-adjusted balances exclude one-off revenues from
the sale of mobile telephone licenses for those countries listed
in the note to Table 28. For details on the methodology used for
estimating the cyclical component of government balances see
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) Includes deferred tax payments on postal savings accounts in
2000, 2001 and 2002. The 2000 outlays include capital transfers to
the Deposit Insurance Company.
(b) As a percentage of mainland potential GDP. The financial balances
shown exclude revenues from petroleum activities.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 30. General government primary balances
Surplus ( ) or deficit (-) as a percent of nominal GDP
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia 3.3 3.7 1.5 1.9 2.0
Austria -1.0 -1.3 -0.2 0.1 0.9
Belgium 0.6 2.2 2.6 3.2 4.4
Canada -3.0 -1.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.7
Denmark 8.4 7.5 5.8 4.3 2.8
Finland 2.9 0.7 4.4 5.7 3.7
France -1.0 0.2 -0.3 0.4 0.3
Germany 1.4 0.7 0.4 2.4 0.3
Greece -4.2 -2.8 -4.2 -6.1 -5.7
Iceland -3.9 -0.9 -1.3 -3.8 -2.0
Ireland -3.4 -0.5 2.1 4.3 3.4
Italy -3.9 -4.2 -3.3 -2.7 -1.8
Japan 1.4 2.3 2.7 3.3 3.3
Korea 1.7 2.8 3.6 3.3 3.2
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. 2.7
Netherlands 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.3
New Zealand -2.4 1.5 -0.6 0.0 -0.1
Norway 3.6 1.7 -0.8 -1.6 -0.9
Portugal 0.4 0.3 2.9 3.1 2.0
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain -3.1 -0.6 -0.4 0.2 -0.8
Sweden 0.9 5.5 3.9 5.3 3.9
United Kingdom 0.8 1.5 3.4 3.5 1.0
United States -2.0 -1.0 -0.3 0.2 -0.8
Euro area -0.9 -0.6 -0.4 0.4 -0.1
European Union -0.5 -0.1 0.3 1.1 0.2
Total OECD -0.7 0.0 0.5 1.1 0.3
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia -1.2 -2.7 -2.7 -0.6 0.2
Austria 0.4 1.5 -0.6 -1.5 -1.6
Belgium 3.3 2.7 3.3 4.2 4.5
Canada -3.2 -4.1 -3.7 -1.7 0.3
Denmark 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.9
Finland -2.9 -7.5 -7.6 -4.6 -3.0
France 0.1 -1.4 -3.0 -2.4 -2.2
Germany -0.6 0.1 -0.3 0.4 -0.1
Greece -1.4 -0.7 -0.8 4.7 1.6
Iceland -1.7 -1.8 -3.2 -3.4 -1.3
Ireland 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.6 1.9
Italy -0.4 1.5 2.3 1.7 3.3
Japan 2.9 1.9 -1.3 -2.5 -3.4
Korea 1.4 1.0 2.1 2.7 3.8
Luxembourg -0.9 -1.7 0.0 1.5 0.9
Netherlands 1.6 0.3 1.6 0.9 0.6
New Zealand -0.7 -0.5 1.2 3.9 4.4
Norway -3.6 -5.3 -4.3 -2.0 1.0
Portugal 1.2 3.8 -0.3 -1.1 0.8
Slovak Republic .. .. .. -2.8 1.5
Spain -1.2 0.0 -2.3 -1.9 -1.8
Sweden -1.7 -7.2 -1.2 -9.7 -6.0
United Kingdom -0.9 -4.2 -5.5 -4.1 -2.8
United States -1.3 -2.2 -1.4 -0.2 0.6
Euro area -0.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.0
European Union -0.3 -0.7 -1.5 -0.9 -0.4
Total OECD -0.3 -1.0 -1.4 -0.7 -0.3
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia 1.2 2.4 3.0 4.0 2.7
Austria -0.1 1.5 0.8 0.7 1.3
Belgium 4.7 5.7 6.5 6.2 6.6
Canada 2.5 4.9 4.8 5.8 6.2
Denmark 1.9 3.3 3.6 5.7 4.5
Finland -1.5 0.7 3.4 3.8 8.1
France -0.6 0.2 0.5 1.2 1.5
Germany -0.2 0.5 1.0 1.6 4.3
Greece 3.6 5.6 6.1 6.4 5.8
Iceland 0.0 1.3 1.9 3.7 3.5
Ireland 3.1 4.0 4.6 3.7 5.3
Italy 3.8 6.1 4.7 4.4 5.3
Japan -3.7 -2.5 -4.1 -5.7 -6.0
Korea 3.1 2.8 0.6 2.0 5.1
Luxembourg 1.0 2.4 2.2 2.8 5.4
Netherlands 2.9 3.3 3.4 4.5 5.4
New Zealand 3.7 2.5 0.7 0.7 1.6
Norway 4.2 5.6 1.4 3.7 12.4
Portugal 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4
Slovak Republic -5.0 -4.0 -2.9 -4.5 -9.7
Spain 0.0 1.2 0.9 2.2 2.3
Sweden -1.3 0.2 3.6 2.7 4.2
United Kingdom -1.2 0.8 2.9 3.4 6.0
United States 1.3 2.4 3.5 3.6 4.1
Euro area 0.9 2.0 2.1 2.5 3.8
European Union 0.6 1.9 2.3 2.8 4.1
Total OECD 0.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.6
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 1.9 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.2
Austria 2.9 2.4 1.5 1.6 0.9
Belgium 6.7 5.7 5.5 4.9 4.1
Canada 4.2 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.9
Denmark 4.6 3.6 2.2 2.3 2.7
Finland 5.9 4.4 2.8 2.1 2.2
France 1.3 -0.3 -1.1 -0.9 -0.6
Germany 0.0 -0.9 -1.4 -1.0 -0.8
Greece 5.6 4.8 3.6 3.4 3.5
Iceland 1.5 0.2 0.2 1.3 1.8
Ireland 1.1 -0.1 -0.8 -1.1 -1.3
Italy 3.3 2.9 2.2 1.8 0.9
Japan -4.7 -5.6 -5.7 -5.0 -5.1
Korea 4.0 6.1 2.4 2.8 3.3
Luxembourg 4.8 1.4 -1.5 -2.9 -3.6
Netherlands 2.5 0.8 -0.2 -0.3 0.3
New Zealand 1.9 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.6
Norway 10.5 7.4 5.2 4.9 3.7
Portugal -1.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.7
Slovak Republic -2.7 -3.4 -1.6 -1.0 -0.6
Spain 2.5 2.6 1.9 2.0 2.4
Sweden 5.3 1.9 0.5 0.8 1.4
United Kingdom 2.5 0.0 -1.3 -1.4 -1.7
United States 1.9 -1.4 -3.2 -3.4 -3.1
Euro area 1.8 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.4
European Union 2.1 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.1
Total OECD 1.1 -0.7 -1.7 -1.7 -1.6
Note: The primary balance is the difference between the financial
balance and net interest payments. For more details see footnotes
of Annex Tables 28 and 32 and OECD Economic Outlook Sources and
Methods (http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 31. Cyclically-adjusted general government primary balances
Surplus ( ) or deficit (-) as a per cent of potential GDP
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Australia 3.7 3.7 1.5 1.8 2.4 0.1 -1.3
Austria -0.3 -0.5 0.2 0.0 0.3 -0.3 1.0
Belgium 2.4 3.5 2.3 2.2 3.1 2.4 2.3
Canada -3.0 -1.9 -1.5 -1.3 -1.2 -1.9 -2.2
Denmark 6.0 6.2 5.1 4.5 3.4 2.4 2.5
Finland 3.2 -0.1 2.1 2.1 1.5 0.2 -0.4
France 0.5 1.4 0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -1.5
Germany 0.9 0.3 -0.6 1.1 -2.1 -1.3 -0.5
Greece -3.8 -1.2 -3.8 -6.6 -5.7 -1.6 -0.5
Iceland -4.2 -3.0 -2.2 -3.9 -2.0 -0.6 1.3
Ireland -1.4 0.8 2.7 4.2 2.1 2.6 2.8
Italy -3.2 -3.7 -3.5 -3.4 -2.4 -0.6 1.7
Japan (a) 1.8 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.5 2.5 1.6
Netherlands 0.5 0.3 1.1 -1.9 -3.4 -0.1 -0.5
New Zealand -3.9 0.5 -0.4 0.4 1.3 2.4 2.8
Norway (b) -2.1 -3.2 -2.9 -3.3 -4.8 -8.5 -10.4
Portugal 2.5 1.5 3.0 2.4 1.0 -0.2 3.0
Spain -2.0 -0.2 -0.8 -0.7 -2.0 -2.2 -0.1
Sweden -0.9 2.9 0.8 2.0 1.5 -1.9 -4.7
United Kingdom 1.0 0.5 1.2 1.4 -0.3 -0.1 -2.3
United States -1.8 -0.9 -0.6 -0.2 -0.9 -0.6 -1.7
Euro area -0.2 -0.2 -0.8 -0.5 -1.6 -0.9 -0.1
European Union 0.0 0.1 -0.3 0.0 -1.1 -0.6 -0.4
Total OECD -0.5 0.1 0.0 0.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.7
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Australia -1.6 -0.2 0.5 1.4 2.5 2.7 3.6
Austria -0.5 -1.5 -1.5 0.0 1.6 0.4 0.3
Belgium 4.6 5.0 5.2 6.0 6.1 6.7 5.8
Canada -2.0 -1.1 0.7 3.4 5.5 5.3 5.6
Denmark 3.3 1.1 0.9 1.7 2.6 2.9 4.7
Finland 1.2 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.6 4.1 4.4
France -2.0 -1.5 -1.3 0.7 1.7 1.5 1.8
Germany 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.7 1.5 1.8 2.2
Greece 0.7 5.9 3.0 5.0 6.5 7.1 7.4
Iceland 0.0 -1.4 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3 2.9
Ireland 3.7 4.2 2.7 3.6 3.7 4.5 2.6
Italy 3.6 2.7 3.7 4.4 6.5 5.1 4.8
Japan (a) -1.2 -2.3 -3.2 -3.9 -2.8 -3.8 -5.1
Netherlands 2.2 1.1 0.4 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.4
New Zealand 2.6 3.6 3.8 3.0 2.3 2.0 1.3
Norway (b) -9.9 -7.9 -4.9 -4.8 -4.2 -5.3 -4.4
Portugal 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.9 0.6 -0.3 -0.5
Spain -0.8 -0.4 -0.2 1.7 2.4 1.6 2.4
Sweden -7.0 -6.3 -4.0 1.0 2.2 4.6 2.3
United Kingdom -3.4 -3.0 -2.0 -0.5 1.1 3.0 3.4
United States -0.9 0.0 0.7 1.3 2.1 3.0 3.0
Euro area 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.9 3.0 2.7 2.8
European Union 0.0 0.2 0.3 1.6 2.7 2.8 2.9
Total OECD -0.7 -0.4 -0.1 0.7 1.7 1.9 1.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 2.4 1.8 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.4
Austria 0.3 2.7 2.4 1.8 2.1 1.3
Belgium 5.2 6.1 6.2 6.5 6.1 4.9
Canada 5.4 4.0 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.8
Denmark 3.3 3.9 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0
Finland 7.4 6.2 5.1 4.4 3.1 2.4
France 1.3 1.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.4
Germany 1.6 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.6
Greece 6.5 5.3 4.8 3.3 2.9 3.0
Iceland 1.9 0.0 -0.3 0.2 1.2 1.3
Ireland 3.3 -0.9 -2.2 -1.7 -1.5 -1.7
Italy 3.9 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.5 1.3
Japan (a) -5.7 -4.1 -4.8 -5.3 -4.7 -4.8
Netherlands 2.2 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.7 1.9
New Zealand 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.6
Norway (b) -3.7 -4.6 -5.7 -7.2 -7.8 -8.3
Portugal -0.9 -1.5 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.7
Spain 1.7 2.4 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.4
Sweden 2.8 4.9 1.7 0.8 1.1 1.3
United Kingdom 3.1 2.2 0.2 -0.8 -0.9 -1.5
United States 3.6 2.1 -1.1 -2.8 -3.4 -3.2
Euro area 2.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2
European Union 2.4 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.8
Total OECD 1.7 1.1 -0.6 -1.4 -1.5 -1.6
Note: The cyclically-adjusted primary balance is the difference between
the cyclically adjusted balance and net interest payments. It excludes
one-off revenues from the sale of mobile telephone licenses. See OECD
Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods) for details on the
methodology used for estimating the cyclical component of government
balances.
(a) Includes deferred tax payments on postal savings accounts in 2000,
2001 and 2102. The 2000 outlays include capital transfers to the
Deposit Insurance Company.
(b) As a percentage of mainland potential GDP. The financial balances
shown exclude revenues from petroleum activities.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 32. General government net debt interest payments
Per cent of nominal GDP
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Australia 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.1 3.7
Austria 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
Belgium 10.7 10.1 9.9 10.9 11.3 10.8 10.8
Canada 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.7 5.2 5.1 5.1
Denmark 5.1 5.0 4.3 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.2
Finland -1.0 -0.9 -0.9 -1.2 -1.7 -1.9 -1.9
France 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7
Germany (a) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.7
Greece 5.4 6.8 7.4 7.5 10.0 9.6 11.5
Iceland 0.1 -0.1 0.7 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.0
Ireland 6.9 7.6 6.4 6.0 6.2 5.7 5.2
Italy 8.3 7.6 8.0 9.0 9.9 11.3 12.2
Japan (b) 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1
Korea 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. -2.2 -2.0 -1.9
Netherlands 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.5
New Zealand 4.3 4.1 3.4 3.7 4.2 3.2 2.8
Norway -2.3 -2.9 -3.5 -3.4 -3.5 -3.7 -3.4
Portugal 8.3 7.5 6.6 6.1 8.6 8.8 8.5
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.7
Sweden 2.2 1.7 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4
United Kingdom 3.4 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.2
United States 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.7
Euro area 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.2
European Union 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.7
Total OECD 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Australia 3.2 4.2 4.1 3.4 2.8 2.2 2.2
Austria 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.1
Belgium 10.6 9.2 8.9 8.5 7.7 7.3 6.6
Canada 5.0 5.0 5.6 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.2
Denmark 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.4
Finland -0.3 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.6
France 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.0
Germany (a) 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.1
Greece 12.6 13.9 11.8 11.1 9.6 8.6 8.2
Iceland 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3
Ireland 4.8 4.5 4.0 3.2 2.6 2.4 1.5
Italy 12.6 11.0 10.9 10.9 8.8 7.8 6.2
Japan (b) 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5
Korea -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 -0.9 -1.3 -1.1
Luxembourg -1.6 -1.3 -1.1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.9 -0.7
Netherlands 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.2 3.8
New Zealand 2.5 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.1
Norway -2.8 -2.2 -2.4 -2.3 -2.2 -2.2 -2.4
Portugal 7.7 6.6 6.3 5.4 4.2 3.5 3.2
Slovak Republic .. 3.5 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.4 3.4
Spain 4.7 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.4 4.0 3.3
Sweden -0.4 0.8 1.4 1.6 2.0 1.4 1.4
United Kingdom 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.3
United States 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.8
Euro area 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.4 3.9
European Union 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.1 3.6
Total OECD 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.1 2.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7
Austria 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7
Belgium 6.5 6.2 5.7 5.3 4.8 4.7
Canada 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.1
Denmark 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3
Finland 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
France 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8
Germany (a) 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7
Greece 7.8 7.0 6.3 5.2 5.0 4.9
Iceland 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0
Ireland 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0
Italy 6.0 5.9 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.8
Japan (b) 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8
Korea -1.1 -0.8 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -1.2
Luxembourg -0.9 -1.3 -1.1 -1.2 -1.1 -1.0
Netherlands 3.2 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.2
New Zealand 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4
Norway -2.6 -3.2 -3.5 -4.5 -4.8 -4.7
Portugal 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1
Slovak Republic 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.2 2.9
Spain 3.1 2.8 2.6 1.8 1.8 2.0
Sweden 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3
United Kingdom 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6
United States 2.6 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.8
Euro area 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0
European Union 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8
Total OECD 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1
Note: In the case of Ireland and New Zealand where net interest
payments are not available, net property income paid is used as a
proxy. For Denmark, net interest payments include dividends received.
See OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) Includes interest payments on the debt of the Inherited Debt Funds
from 1995 onwards.
(b) Includes interest payments on the debt of the Japan Railway
settlement Corporation and the National Forest Special Account from
1998 onwards.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 33. General government gross financial liabilities
Per cent of nominal GDP
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Australia .. .. 26.2 23.9 23.4 26.5
Austria 53.6 57.5 58.9 58.1 57.2 57.5
Belgium 123.3 127.7 128.0 124.6 129.1 130.9
Canada 71.0 71.5 71.1 72.3 74.5 82.1
Denmark 76.8 73.3 71.8 70.0 70.8 71.8
Finland 19.7 20.3 19.1 16.9 16.6 25.1
France 38.8 40.1 40.0 39.9 39.5 40.3
Germany (a) 40.7 41.8 42.3 40.9 41.4 38.9
Greece 47.7 53.0 62.7 65.7 79.6 82.2
Iceland 30.6 28.2 31.6 37.3 37.0 39.2
Ireland 110.6 111.8 108.2 98.9 94.2 95.6
Italy 92.7 97.3 99.5 102.5 111.6 115.5
Japan (b) 75.1 75.5 73.4 70.4 68.3 64.5
Korea 14.5 12.7 9.9 9.2 8.2 7.2
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. 4.4 3.8
Netherlands 71.0 73.2 76.1 76.0 76.9 76.8
New Zealand .. .. .. .. .. ..
Norway 40.7 33.7 32.8 32.8 29.3 27.5
Poland .. .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 54.0 60.8 61.0 59.0 58.3 60.7
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 49.8 49.0 45.3 46.9 48.8 49.9
Sweden 68.6 61.1 54.8 49.8 45.7 55.1
United Kingdom 58.5 60.0 54.0 47.7 43.4 43.5
United States 62.6 64.1 64.7 65.0 66.6 71.4
Euro area 56.4 58.5 59.1 59.3 61.7 62.2
European Union 58.7 60.4 59.7 58.6 59.8 60.2
Total OECD 61.9 63.1 62.0 61.2 62.0 63.7
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Australia 30.7 37.6 43.5 43.1 40.4 36.8
Austria 57.2 61.8 64.7 69.2 69.1 64.7
Belgium 132.8 138.1 135.8 133.9 130.5 124.8
Canada 89.9 96.9 98.2 100.8 100.3 96.2
Denmark 76.0 90.1 83.6 79.5 76.8 73.4
Finland 45.2 58.3 61.0 65.8 66.5 64.8
France 44.7 51.6 55.3 62.9 66.5 68.2
Germany (a) 41.8 47.4 47.9 57.1 60.3 61.8
Greece 87.8 110.1 107.9 108.7 111.3 108.2
Iceland 47.2 54.3 56.9 60.4 57.7 54.4
Ireland 92.5 96.5 90.9 82.9 74.1 65.0
Italy 125.0 126.9 133.3 132.4 134.2 131.2
Japan (b) 68.4 74.3 79.3 86.6 93.9 99.9
Korea 6.9 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.3 9.2
Luxembourg 4.7 5.7 5.4 5.6 6.2 6.1
Netherlands 77.9 79.3 76.4 77.2 75.2 69.9
New Zealand 70.8 62.7 56.9 50.8 50.1
Norway 32.2 40.5 36.9 34.4 30.7 27.5
Poland .. .. .. .. .. 48.7
Portugal 54.4 59.1 62.1 64.3 62.9 59.1
Slovak Republic .. 27.0 23.9 21.4 25.8 28.3
Spain 52.4 63.5 68.2 73.8 81.4 80.8
Sweden 73.9 78.9 83.4 82.1 84.6 82.7
United Kingdom 48.5 58.0 55.6 60.5 60.0 60.8
United States 74.0 75.6 74.8 74.2 73.0 70.8
Euro area 65.4 70.3 72.4 77.4 81.4 81.1
European Union 65.0 71.6 73.2 77.8 79.7 79.1
Total OECD 67.4 71.7 72.9 75.5 77.0 76.1
2004 2005
Australia 17.7 17.1
Austria 66.9 67.1
Belgium 98.8 95.3
Canada 73.6 70.8
Denmark 49.5 47.9
Finland 53.2 51.1
France 72.0 74.0
Germany (a) 66.7 67.9
Greece 100.9 98.4
Iceland 39.3 38.8
Ireland 32.0 30.8
Italy 116.7 116.7
Japan (b) 161.2 167.2
Korea 16.9 17.9
Luxembourg 5.7 5.6
Netherlands 55.9 56.3
New Zealand 36.6 35.1
Norway 24.4 28.7
Poland 48.5 51.0
Portugal 60.2 59.8
Slovak Republic 44.9 46.4
Spain 60.9 58.6
Sweden 59.4 58.0
United Kingdom 55.0 56.4
United States 66.0 68.5
Euro area 76.3 76.6
European Union 73.2 73.6
Total OECD 80.3 82.2
Note: Gross debt data are not always comparable across countries due to
a different definition or treatment of debt components. Notably, they
include the funded portion of government employee pension liabilities
for some OECD countries, including Australia and the United States. The
debt position of these countries is thus overstated relative to
countries that have large unfunded liabilities for such pensions which
according to ESA95/SNA93 are not counted in the debt figures, but
rather as a memorandum item to the debt. General government financial
liabilities presented here are defined according to ESA95/SNA93 for all
countries with the exception of Austria, Belgium, Greece, Ireland,
Luxembourg, Netherlands and Portugal where debt measures follow the
definition of debt applied under the Maastricht Treaty. Maastricht debt
for European Union countries is shown in Annex Table 58. For more
details see OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) Includes the debt of the Inherited Debt Fund from 1995 onwards.
(b) Includes the debt of the Japan Railway Settlement Corporation and
the National Forest Special Account from 1998 onwards.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 34. General government net financial liabilities
Per cent of nominal GDP
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Australia .. .. 14.0 11.3 11.2 14.2
Austria 33.3 36.2 38.4 38.1 37.5 37.4
Belgium 113.5 117.7 118.2 115.1 116.8 118.1
Canada 39.7 39.3 38.2 41.1 43.3 50.0
Denmark 21.7 19.3 20.5 19.2 19.0 21.7
Finland -28.2 -28.0 -29.2 -33.4 -35.5 -34.2
France 12.5 13.3 15.1 15.7 17.5 18.8
Germany (a) 20.1 21.1 22.0 20.5 21.0 20.2
Iceland 9.0 8.2 9.9 17.9 19.4 20.1
Italy 81.3 85.5 87.6 90.4 81.0 85.7
Japan (b) 67.1 55.7 47.1 38.6 24.8 12.7
Korea -8.2 -10.3 -13.7 -16.5 -17.2 -15.9
Netherlands 44.0 27.2 30.9 34.5 35.5 36.2
New Zealand .. .. .. .. .. ..
Norway -41.2 -42.6 -42.7 -41.9 -41.7 -37.9
Spain 29.3 29.9 30.6 30.7 31.8 332.0
Sweden 12.1 6.2 0.2 -5.8 -7.6 -4.9
United Kingdom 31.3 25.9 20.6 15.7 15.0 15.4
United States 45.4 47.4 48.5 48.7 49.9 53.6
Euro area 35.1 35.7 37.4 37.9 36.9 38.3
European Union 35.4 34.9 35.1 34.4 33.2 34.2
Total OECD 43.0 41.7 -40.2 38.6 36.6 36.9
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Australia 19.7 25.1 27.7 25.2 22.4 19.7
Austria 38.7 43.5 45.7 50.5 50.1 47.8
Belgium 119.4 123.9 123.1 123.2 120.6 115.8
Canada 58.5 64.4 67.4 69.3 67.5 63.5
Denmark 23.8 26.1 26.4 26.7 26.3 23.9
Finland -24.9 -16.1 -16.4 -12.5 -15.1 -15.6
France 20.4 27.1 28.3 38.9 42.6 43.3
Germany (a) 24.5 28.1 29.3 39.6 42.5 43.4
Iceland 27.1 35.3 38.5 40.5 40.3 38.3
Italy 94.2 102.0 107.1 105.1 106.8 102.9
Japan (b) 14.5 17.9 20.5 24.8 30.5 35.3
Korea -15.3 -15.5 -15.2 -18.0 -19.4 -22.5
Netherlands 39.8 40.9 42.3 53.2 53.7 55.3
New Zealand .. 47.9 40.8 34.7 30.7 28.4
Norway -35.6 -32.4 -31.0 -32.6 -36.5 -42.9
Spain 35.4 42.3 43.3 49.2 53.4 52.4
Sweden 4.5 10.3 20.4 25.2 25.7 23.1
United Kingdom 22.0 31.5 31.6 37.4 39.3 41.4
United States 57.0 59.0 0.6 58.9 58.3 56.1
Euro area 41.5 46.2 47.7 54.6 58.2 57.9
European Union 38.8 45.0 46.8 53.2 55.4 55.0
Total OECD 40.6 44.5 45.9 48.6 49.8 49.3
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 16.4 12.8 7.7 4.9 4.1 3.1
Austria 46.2 47.0 45.1 45.0 45.0 45.2
Belgium 110.3 105.5 100.6 98.3 96.4 92.7
Canada 60.8 53.5 44.9 40.6 38.0 35.0
Denmark 24.2 13.6 10.1 8.3 6.1 5.2
Finland -25.8 -62.0 -41.7 -42.2 -45.0 -47.0
France 41.7 33.6 34.8 37.4 39.4 42.7
Germany (a) 46.1 45.3 42.4 44.1 48.5 52.1
Iceland 31.8 24.1 23.9 25.8 25.1 25.0
Italy 104.0 99.2 94.9 93.5 94.2 93.9
Japan (b) 46.2 52.8 58.6 63.7 71.8 79.1
Korea -24.5 -25.6 -28.4 -31.8 -36.7 -38.8
Netherlands 53.7 50.2 44.5 41.5 41.7 43.2
New Zealand 25.9 23.9 20.9 20.6 18.1 14.8
Norway -46.9 -52.7 -60.1 -71.5 -82.8 -90.4
Spain 51.9 45.9 42.8 41.4 38.7 36.4
Sweden 19.9 9.4 1.4 -3.1 3.7 2.5
United Kingdom 42.1 36.6 33.6 30.2 30.4 31.9
United States 52.3 47.8 42.9 42.2 44.4 46.9
Euro area 58.1 53.4 51.4 51.9 53.4 55.0
European Union 552.0 50.2 47.7 47.3 48.7 50.1
Total OECD 49.3 46.3 43.9 43.9 46.2 48.6
2004 2005
Australia 2.4 1.8
Austria 45.2 45.4
Belgium 89.1 85.6
Canada 32.8 30.4
Denmark 4.0 2.3
Finland -46.9 -46.4
France 45.2 47.2
Germany (a) 54.5 56.4
Iceland 24.3 22.2
Italy 93.5 93.4
Japan (b) 85.7 91.7
Korea -40.7 -42.7
Netherlands 44.9 45.4
New Zealand 11.8 9.1
Norway -95.5 -99.1
Spain 34.0 31.7
Sweden 1.9 0.7
United Kingdom 33.3 34.8
United States 49.5 52.0
Euro area 55.9 56.5
European Union 51.0 51.7
Total OECD 50.7 52.7
Note: Net debt measures are not always comparable across countries due
to a different definition or treatment of debt (and asset) components.
First, the treatment of government liabilities in respect of their
employee pension plans may be different (see footnote to Annex Table
33). Second while general government financial liabilities presented
here for most countries are defined b ESA95/SNA93 for some EU
countries, i.e. Austria, Belgium, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg,
Netherlands and Portugal, debt measures follow the definition of debt
applied under the Maastricht Treaty. Third, a range of items included
as general government assets differs across countries. For example,
equity participation is excluded from government assets in some
countries, whereas foreign exchange, gold and SDR holdings are
considered as assets of the government in the United States and
the United Kingdom. For details see OECD Economic Outlook Sources and
Methods (http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) Includes the debt of the Inherited Debt Fund from 1995 onwards.
(b) Includes the debt of the Japan Railway Settlement Corporation and
the National Forest Special Account from 1998 onwards.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 35. Short-term interest rates
Per cent, per annum
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Australia 17.6 14.5 10.2 6.5 5.2 5.7
Austria 7.5 9.0 9.5 9.5 7.0 5.1
Belgium 8.8 9.6 9.4 9.4 8.2 5.7
Canada 12.1 12.7 8.8 6.6 5.0 5.5
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. 13.1 9.1
Denmark 9.6 10.9 9.7 11.0 10.4 6.1
Finland 12.6 14.0 13.1 13.3 7.8 5.4
France 9.4 10.3 9.6 10.3 8.6 5.8
Germany 7.1 8.5 9.2 9.5 7.3 5.4
Greece 19.0 23.0 23.3 21.7 21.3 19.3
Hungary .. .. .. .. 17.2 26.9
Iceland 27.9 14.8 14.6 10.5 8.8 4.9
Ireland 10.0 11.3 10.4 14.3 9.1 5.9
Italy 12.6 12.2 12.2 14.0 10.2 8.5
Japan 5.4 7.7 7.4 4.5 3.0 2.2
Korea .. .. 18.3 16.4 13.0 13.3
Luxembourg 8.8 9.6 9.4 9.4 8.2 5.7
Mexico 44.6 35.0 19.8 15.9 15.5 14.5
Netherlands 7.4 8.7 9.3 9.4 6.9 5.2
New Zealand 13.5 13.9 10.0 6.7 6.3 6.7
Norway 11.4 11.5 10.6 11.8 7.3 5.9
Poland .. .. .. .. 34.9 31.8
Portugal 14.9 16.9 17.7 16.1 12.5 11.1
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. 13.1 9.1
Spain 15.0 15.2 13.2 13.3 11.7 8.0
Sweden 11.5 13.7 11.6 12.9 8.4 7.4
Switzerland 7.3 8.9 8.2 7.9 4.9 4.2
Turkey .. 51.9 109.6 97.8 90.3 150.6
United Kingdom 13.9 14.8 11.5 9.6 5.9 5.5
United States 9.3 8.2 5.9 3.8 3.2 4.7
Euro area 9.9 10.7 10.6 11.2 8.6 6.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia 7.7 7.2 5.4 5.0 5.0 6.2
Austria 4.6 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.0 4.4
Belgium 4.8 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.0 4.4
Canada 7.1 4.4 3.5 5.0 4.9 5.8
Czech Republic 10.9 12.0 15.9 14.3 6.9 5.4
Denmark 6.1 3.9 3.7 4.1 3.3 4.9
Finland 5.8 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.0 4.4
France 6.6 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.0 4.4
Germany 4.5 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.0 4.4
Greece 15.5 12.8 10.4 11.6 8.9 4.4
Hungary 32.0 24.0 20.1 18.0 14.7 11.0
Iceland 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.4 8.6 11.2
Ireland 6.2 5.4 6.1 5.4 3.0 4.4
Italy 10.5 8.8 6.9 5.0 3.0 4.4
Japan 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.2
Korea 14.1 12.7 13.4 15.2 6.8 7.1
Luxembourg 4.8 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.0 4.4
Mexico 47.8 32.9 21.3 26.1 22.4 16.2
Netherlands 4.4 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.0 4.4
New Zealand 9.0 9.3 7.7 7.3 4.8 6.5
Norway 5.5 4.9 3.7 5.8 6.5 6.7
Poland 27.7 21.3 23.1 19.9 14.7 18.9
Portugal 9.8 7.4 5.7 4.3 3.0 4.4
Slovak Republic 8.2 11.5 20.2 18.1 14.8 8.2
Spain 9.4 7.5 5.4 4.2 3.0 44.0
Sweden 8.7 5.8 4.1 4.2 3.1 4.0
Switzerland 2.9 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 3.2
Turkey 136.3 143.6 119.2 115.7 96.6 37.0
United Kingdom 6.7 6.0 6.8 7.3 5.4 6.1
United States 6.0 5.4 5.7 5.5 5.4 6.5
Euro area 6.5 4.8 4.3 3.9 3.0 4.4
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.4
Austria 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
Belgium 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
Canada 4.0 2.6 2.9 3.1 4.1
Czech Republic 5.2 3.5 2.3 2.1 2.2
Denmark 4.6 3.5 2.4 2.2 2.3
Finland 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
France 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
Germany 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
Greece 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
Hungary 10.8 8.9 8.0 8.6 7.6
Iceland 11.0 8.0 5.7 7.6 9.0
Ireland 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
Italy 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
Japan 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea 5.3 4.8 4.3 4.2 5.0
Luxembourg 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
Mexico 12.2 7.5 6.5 6.1 7.1
Netherlands 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
New Zealand 5.7 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.8
Norway 7.2 6.9 4.2 3.4 4.6
Poland 15.7 8.8 5.6 5.7 6.8
Portugal 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
Slovak Republic 7.5 7.5 5.8 5.4 5.5
Spain 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
Sweden 4.1 4.1 3.0 3.1 4.1
Switzerland 2.9 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.8
Turkey 70.2 64.2 44.0 29.5 20.5
United Kingdom 5.0 4.0 3.6 4.4 5.0
United States 3.7 1.8 1.2 1.5 2.7
Euro area 4.3 3.3 2.3 2.0 2.2
Fourth quarter
2003 2004 2005
Australia 4.9 5.0 5.5
Austria 2.0 2.0 2.5
Belgium 2.0 2.0 2.5
Canada 2.7 3.5 4.4
Czech Republic 2.1 2.1 2.6
Denmark 2.2 2.2 2.7
Finland 2.0 2.0 2.5
France 2.0 2.0 2.5
Germany 2.0 2.0 2.5
Greece 2.0 2.0 2.5
Hungary 9.5 7.8 7.5
Iceland 5.8 8.5 9.3
Ireland 2.0 2.0 2.5
Italy 2.0 2.0 2.5
Japan 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korea 4.0 4.3 5.4
Luxembourg 2.0 2.0 2.5
Mexico 5.6 6.5 7.5
Netherlands 2.0 2.0 2.5
New Zealand 5.3 5.5 5.8
Norway 2.8 4.0 5.0
Poland 5.3 6.0 7.2
Portugal 2.0 2.0 2.5
Slovak Republic 5.5 5.4 5.9
Spain 2.0 2.0 2.5
Sweden 2.7 3.7 4.2
Switzerland 0.3 0.3 1.2
Turkey 33.2 26.5 18.4
United Kingdom 3.7 4.8 5.1
United States 1.1 1.9 3.4
Euro area 2.0 2.0 2.5
Note: Three-month money market rates where available, or rates on
proximately similar financial instruments. See OECD Economic Outlook
Sources and Methods (http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 36. Long-term interest rates
Per cent, per annum
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Australia 13.4 13.2 10.7 9.2 7.3 9.0
Austria 7.1 8.7 8.5 8.1 6.7 7.0
Belgium 8.6 10.1 9.3 8.7 7.2 7.7
Canada 9.8 10.8 9.4 8.1 7.2 8.4
Denmark 9.7 10.6 9.3 9.0 7.3 7.8
Finland 12.1 13.2 11.7 12.0 8.8 9.0
France 8.8 9.9 9.0 8.6 6.8 7.2
Germany 7.1 8.7 8.5 7.9 6.5 6.9
Greece .. .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland .. 16.4 17.7 13.1 13.4 7.0
Ireland 9.2 10.3 9.4 9.3 7.6 8.0
Italy 12.8 13.5 13.3 13.3 11.2 10.5
Japan 5.1 7.0 6.3 5.3 4.3 4.4
Korea 14.2 15.1 16.5 15.1 12.1 12.3
Luxembourg .. 9.3 8.8 8.2 6.7 7.2
Mexico 44.6 34.8 19.7 16.1 15.5 13.8
Netherlands 7.2 8.9 8.7 8.1 6.4 6.9
New Zealand 12.8 12.4 10.1 8.4 6.9 7.6
Norway 10.8 10.7 10.0 9.6 6.9 7.4
Portugal .. .. .. .. .. 10.5
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. 13.1 9.2
Spain 13.8 14.6 12.8 11.7 10.2 10.0
Sweden 11.2 13.2 10.7 10.0 8.5 9.5
Switzerland 5.2 6.4 6.2 6.4 4.6 5.0
Turkey 58.3 51.9 71.9 79.6 86.6 138.5
United Kingdom 10.2 11.8 10.1 9.1 7.5 8.2
United States 8.5 8.6 7.9 7.0 5.9 7.1
Euro area .. 10.9 10.3 9.8 7.9 8.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia 9.2 8.2 6.9 5.5 6.1 6.3
Austria 7.1 6.3 5.7 4.7 4.7 5.6
Belgium 7.4 6.3 5.6 4.7 4.7 5.6
Canada 8.1 7.2 6.1 5.3 5.6 5.9
Denmark 8.3 7.2 6.3 5.0 4.9 5.7
Finland 8.8 7.1 6.0 4.8 4.7 5.5
France 7.5 6.3 5.6 4.6 4.6 5.4
Germany 6.9 6.2 5.7 4.6 4.5 5.3
Greece .. .. 9.8 8.5 6.3 6.1
Iceland 9.7 9.2 8.7 7.7 8.5 11.2
Ireland 8.2 7.2 6.3 4.7 4.8 5.5
Italy 12.2 9.4 6.9 4.9 4.7 5.6
Japan 3.4 3.1 2.4 15.0 1.7 1.7
Korea 12.4 10.9 11.7 12.8 8.7 8.5
Luxembourg 7.2 6.3 5.6 4.7 4.7 5.5
Mexico 39.8 34.4 22.5 24.8 24.1 16.9
Netherlands 6.9 6.2 5.6 4.6 4.6 5.4
New Zealand 7.8 7.9 7.2 6.3 6.4 6.9
Norway 7.4 6.8 5.9 5.4 0.5 6.3
Portugal 11.5 8.6 6.4 4.9 4.8 5.6
Slovak Republic 10.1 9.7 9.4 21.7 15.9 8.5
Spain 11.3 8.7 6.4 4.8 4.7 5.5
Sweden 10.2 8.0 6.6 5.0 5.0 5.4
Switzerland 4.5 4.0 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.9
Turkey 111.5 124.9 106.0 113.6 106.6 35.8
United Kingdom 8.2 7.8 7.1 5.5 5.1 5.3
United States 6.6 6.4 6.4 5.3 5.6 6.0
Euro area 8.4 7.1 5.9 4.7 4.6 5.4
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.7 6.1
Austria 5.1 5.0 4.1 4.5 5.1
Belgium 5.1 4.9 4.2 4.6 5.1
Canada 5.5 5.3 4.8 5.1 5.4
Denmark 5.1 5.1 4.2 4.5 5.1
Finland 5.0 5.0 4.2 4.6 5.1
France 4.9 4.9 4.1 4.6 5.1
Germany 4.8 4.8 4.1 4.5 5.0
Greece 5.3 5.0 4.3 4.6 5.1
Iceland 10.4 8.0 6.5 7.5 8.5
Ireland 5.0 5.0 4.1 4.6 5.1
Italy 5.2 5.0 43.0 4.7 5.2
Japan 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.8
Korea 6.7 6.5 4.8 5.1 6.4
Luxembourg 4.9 4.7 3.9 4.4 4.9
Mexico 13.8 8.5 7.4 7.2 8.1
Netherlands 5.0 4.9 4.1 4.5 4.9
New Zealand 6.4 6.5 5.8 5.9 6.4
Norway 6.2 6.1 5.7 5.7 6.0
Portugal 5.2 5.0 4.2 4.6 5.1
Slovak Republic 7.8 6.2 4.7 4.9 5.2
Spain 5.1 5.0 4.1 4.4 4.9
Sweden 5.1 5.3 4.6 5.0 5.6
Switzerland 3.4 3.2 2.6 2.9 3.1
Turkey 87.4 62.4 44.8 29.8 21.1
United Kingdom 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.7 5.2
United States 5.0 4.6 4.0 4.6 5.3
Euro area 5.0 4.9 4.2 4.5 5.1
Fourth quarter
2003 2004 2005
Australia 5.4 5.9 6.2
Austria 4.4 4.7 5.3
Belgium 4.4 4.8 5.3
Canada 4.8 5.3 5.5
Denmark 4.2 4.8 5.3
Finland 4.4 4.8 5.3
France 4.4 4.7 5.3
Germany 4.3 4.7 5.2
Greece 4.5 4.8 5.3
Iceland 6.6 8.0 8.7
Ireland 4.5 4.7 5.3
Italy 4.5 4.9 5.4
Japan 1.6 1.7 1.8
Korea 4.8 5.5 6.9
Luxembourg 4.4 4.6 5.1
Mexico 6.7 7.7 8.6
Netherlands 4.4 4.6 5.1
New Zealand 5.8 6.1 6.4
Norway 5.7 5.8 6.1
Portugal 4.4 4.7 5.3
Slovak Republic 4.7 5.0 5.4
Spain 4.3 4.6 5.1
Sweden 4.7 5.2 5.8
Switzerland 2.8 2.9 3.2
Turkey 33.6 27.3 18.7
United Kingdom 4.6 4.8 5.6
United States 4.3 4.9 5.5
Euro area 4.4 4.7 5.3
Note: 10-year benchmark government bond yields where available or yield
on proximately similar financial instruments (for Korea a 5-year bond
is used). See also OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 37. Nominal exchange rates (vis-a-vis the US dollar)
Average of daily rates
Monetary unit 1993 1994 1995 1996
Australia Dollar 1.473 1.369 1.350 1.277
Austria Schilling 11.63 11.42 10.08 10.58
Belgium Franc 34.55 33.46 29.50 30.98
Canada Dollar 1.290 1.366 1.372 1.364
Czech Republic Koruny 29.15 28.79 26.54 27.15
Denmark Krone 6.482 6.360 5.604 5.798
Finland Markka 5.721 5.223 4.367 4,592
France Franc 5.662 5.552 4.991 5.116
Germany Deutschemark 1.653 1.623 1.433 1.505
Greece Drachma 229.1 242.2 231.6 240.7
Hungary Forint 91.9 105.1 125.7 152.6
Iceland Krona 67.64 69.99 64.77 66.69
Ireland Pound 0.683 0.670 0.624 0.625
Italy Lira 1572 1613 1629 1543
Japan Yen 111.2 102.2 94.1 108.8
Korea Won 802.4 804.3 771.4 804.4
Luxembourg Franc 34.55 33.46 29.50 30.98
Mexico Peso 3.115 3.389 6.421 7.601
Netherlands Guilder 1.857 1.820 1.605 1.686
New Zealand Dollar 1.851 1.687 1.524 1.454
Norway Krone 7.094 7.057 6.337 6.457
Poland Zloty 1.814 2.273 2.425 2.695
Portugal Escudo 160.7 166.0 149.9 154.2
Slovak Republic Koruna 30.8 32.04 29.74 30.65
Spain Peseta 127.2 134.0 124.7 126.7
Sweden Krona 7.785 7.716 7.134 6.707
Switzerland Franc 1.477 1.367 1.182 1.236
Turkey Lira 10 964 29 778 45 738 81 281
United Kingdom Pound 0.666 0.653 0.634 0.641
United States Dollar 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Euro area Euro .. .. .. ..
SDR 0.716 0.699 0.659 0.689
Monetary unit 1997 1998 1999 1999
Australia Dollar 1.348 1.592 1.550 1.550
Austria Schilling 12.20 12.38 12.91
Belgium Franc 35.76 36.30 37.86
Canada Dollar 1.385 1.483 1.486 1.486
Czech Republic Koruny 31.70 32.28 34.59 34.59
Denmark Krone 6.604 6.699 6.980 6.980
Finland Markka 5.187 5.345 5.580
France Franc 5.837 5.899 6.157
Germany Deutschemark 1.734 1.759 1.836
Greece Drachma 272.9 295.3 305.7
Hungary Forint 186.6 214.3 237.1 237.1
Iceland Krona 70.97 71.17 72.43 72.43
Ireland Pound 0.660 0.703 0.739
Italy Lira 1703 1736 1817
Japan Yen 121.0 130.9 113.9 113.9
Korea Won 950.5 1400.5 1186.7 1186.7
Luxembourg Franc 35.76 36.30 37.86
Mexico Peso 7.924 9.153 9.553 9.553
Netherlands Guilder 1.951 1.983 2.068
New Zealand Dollar 1.513 1.869 1.892 1.892
Norway Krone 7.072 7.545 7.797 7.797
Poland Zloty 3.277 3.492 3.964 3.964
Portugal Escudo 175.2 180.1 188.2
Slovak Republic Koruna 33.62 35.23 41.36 41.36
Spain Peseta 146.4 149.4 156.2
Sweden Krona 7.635 7.947 8.262 8.262
Switzerland Franc 1.450 1.450 1.503 1.503
Turkey Lira 151 595 260 473 418 984 18 984
United Kingdom Pound 0.611 0.604 0.618 0.618
United States Dollar 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Euro area Euro .. .. 0.939 0.939
SDR 0.726 0.737 0.731 0.731
Monetary unit 2000 2001 2002
Australia Dollar 1.727 1.935 1.841
Austria Schilling
Belgium Franc
Canada Dollar 1.485 1.548 1.570
Czech Republic Koruny 38.64 38.02 32.73
Denmark Krone 8.088 8.321 7.884
Finland Markka
France Franc
Germany Deutschemark
Greece Drachma
Hungary Forint 282.3 286.5 257.4
Iceland Krona 78.84 97.67 91.59
Ireland Pound
Italy Lira
Japan Yen 107.8 121.5 125.3
Korea Won 1130.6 1290.4 1251.0
Luxembourg Franc
Mexico Peso 9.453 9.344 9.660
Netherlands Guilder
New Zealand Dollar 2.205 2.382 2.163
Norway Krone 8.797 8.993 7.986
Poland Zloty 4.346 4.097 4.082
Portugal Escudo
Slovak Republic Koruna 46.23 48.35 45.30
Spain Peseta
Sweden Krona 9.161 10.338 9.721
Switzerland Franc 1.688 1.687 1.557
Turkey Lira 624 325 1 1228 269 1 1512 342
United Kingdom Pound 0.661 0.694 0.667
United States Dollar 1.000 1.000 1.000
Euro area Euro 1.086 1.118 1.062
SDR 0.758 0.785 0.773
Estimates and assumptions (a)
Monetary unit 2003 2004 2005
Australia Dollar 1.548 1.412 1.412
Austria Schilling
Belgium Franc
Canada Dollar 1.404 1.333 1.333
Czech Republic Koruny 28.34 27.64 27.640
Denmark Krone 6.626 6.494 6.494
Finland Markka
France Franc
Germany Deutschemark
Greece Drachma
Hungary Forint 225.3 224.9 224.9
Iceland Krona 77.04 76.52 76.52
Ireland Pound
Italy Lira
Japan Yen 118.0 116.4 116.4
Korea Won 1190.5 1185.6 1185.6
Luxembourg Franc
Mexico Peso 10.756 10.990 10.990
Netherlands Guilder
New Zealand Dollar 1.734 1.630 1.630
Norway Krone 7.118 7.099 7.099
Poland Zloty 3.916 4.040 4.040
Portugal Escudo
Slovak Republic Koruna 37.00 35.78 35.780
Spain Peseta
Sweden Krona 8.146 7.911 7.911
Switzerland Franc 1.356 1.362 1.362
Turkey Lira 1 1512 066 1 1616 901 1 1725 524
United Kingdom Pound 0.615 0.597 0.597
United States Dollar 1.000 1.000 1.000
Euro area Euro 0.893 0.874 0.874
SDR 0.716 0.698 0.698
Note: No rate are shown for individual euro area countries after 1999.
a) On the technical assumption that exchange rates remain at their
levels of 3 November 2003, except for Turkey, where exchange rates vary
according to official exchange rate policy.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 38. Effective exchange rates
Indices 1995 = 100, average of daily rates
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Australia 106.9 107.7 100.9 95.7 103.1
Austria 87.9 88.1 90.2 93.2 95.4
Belgium 85.2 86.1 88.7 90.7 94.7
Canada 113.2 116.5 110.7 105.6 100.8
Czech Republic .. .. .. 95.9 99.3
Denmark 86.5 86.0 88.7 92.9 95.1
Finland 99.9 97.0 85.2 76.7 87.0
France 86.4 85.9 89.6 93.3 96.1
Germany 79.4 80.1 84.0 88.6 93.0
Greece 133.8 120.8 113.7 106.0 101.2
Hungary .. .. .. 140.1 126.0
Iceland 110.4 110.9 110.5 104.0 99.6
Ireland 98.6 97.5 101.7 96.6 98.2
Italy 126.1 127.3 126.2 108.7 108.6
Japan 53.2 59.9 65.0 80.4 93.4
Korea 111.3 107.4 100.1 98.6 99.7
Luxembourg 91.0 91.6 93.5 94.1 96.8
Mexico 193.5 186.9 187.1 196.5 190.3
Netherlands 81.4 82.0 85.2 89.3 93.6
New Zealand 92.0 89.5 83.3 87.3 93.6
Norway 95.8 95.0 96.7 95.7 96.4
Poland .. .. .. 139.0 113.5
Portugal 93.3 95.8 101.3 97.8 96.9
Slovak Republic .. .. .. 97.9 96.7
Spain 117.0 118.4 117.1 104.6 99.7
Sweden 115.7 116.7 119.6 98.4 99.6
Switzerland 80.5 80.2 79.7 83.5 91.9
Turkey 1 546.9 1023.7 610.9 427.8 173.5
United Kingdom 109.0 111.1 108.4 100.2 103.4
United States 83.3 85.4 87.1 92.6 98.0
Euro area 81.1 81.6 86.9 86.0 92.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia 100.0 109.7 111.0 103.5 103.6 96.3
Austria 100.0 99.1 97.2 99.2 99.9 97.7
Belgium 100.0 98.4 94.5 96.8 96.3 92.5
Canada 100.0 101.9 102.2 97.4 97.1 98.0
Czech Republic 100.0 101.6 98.6 100.3 99.9 101.2
Denmark 100.0 99.1 96.8 99.3 98.7 94.8
Finland 100.0 97.6 95.4 98.2 101.1 96.6
France 100.0 100.4 97.7 100.0 99.3 95.7
Germany 100.0 98.6 95.2 98.7 98.6 94.3
Greece 100.0 98.4 96.6 93.9 94.6 88.4
Hungary 100.0 85.2 78.9 71.5 69.0 65.5
Iceland 100.0 99.5 101.7 104.5 106.3 107.4
Ireland 100.0 102.6 102.4 99.4 96.0 89.5
Italy 100.0 110.0 111.5 113.9 113.5 109.4
Japan 100.0 87.2 83.3 86.6 99.3 108.1
Korea 100.0 101.6 94.1 68.1 77.9 83.4
Luxembourg 100.0 98.9 96.7 97.7 97.5 94.9
Mexico 100.0 84.9 83.3 74.0 70.6 72.1
Netherlands 100.0 98.6 93.9 97.2 97.1 92.2
New Zealand 100.0 106.3 108.9 97.8 94.4 85.6
Norway 100.0 100.1 101.1 98.0 97.9 95.8
Poland 100.0 93.2 86.6 84.8 79.2 81.6
Portugal 100.0 99.6 98.3 98.2 97.7 95.4
Slovak Republic 100.0 100.9 105.6 106.6 100.6 102.3
Spain 100.0 101.0 96.9 98.1 97.3 94.3
Sweden 100.0 110.1 106.6 106.3 106.1 106.3
Switzerland 100.0 98.7 93.1 97.2 97.8 96.1
Turkey 100.0 58.6 34.9 21.1 14.1 10.3
United Kingdom 100.0 102.3 119.2 127.0 127.5 130.9
United States 100.0 105.6 113.1 124.8 124.4 127.5
Euro area 100.0 102.0 95.0 100.7 99.0 90.1
Estimates and assumptions (a)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 90.3 93.6 104.4 112.3 112.4
Austria 98.1 98.6 101.6 102.1 102.4
Belgium 93.6 95.2 99.6 99.5 99.6
Canada 95.1 93.6 103.4 108.4 108.4
Czech Republic 106.2 118.2 117.3 118.2 118.3
Denmark 96.4 97.6 101.7 101.8 102.0
Finland 98.6 100.3 105.2 105.3 105.4
France 96.6 98.0 102.3 102.6 102.8
Germany 95.5 97.1 102.5 103.1 103.4
Greece 89.1 90.7 94.4 94.5 94.7
Hungary 66.7 71.2 70.5 69.3 69.4
Iceland 91.0 93.2 98.1 96.9 97.0
Ireland 90.7 92.8 101.3 101.4 101.4
Italy 110.7 112.7 117.8 118.3 118.6
Japan 99.7 95.5 98.4 102.2 102.3
Korea 77.1 79.7 79.3 78.1 78.1
Luxembourg 95.4 96.5 99.6 99.7 99.8
Mexico 74.1 71.8 63.0 61.3 61.3
Netherlands 93.5 95.6 101.4 101.8 101.9
New Zealand 84.7 91.5 1.0 105.5 105.5
Norway 99.0 107.3 104.9 102.8 102.9
Poland 90.0 86.1 77.4 73.5 73.6
Portugal 96.3 97.2 99.7 99.9 100.0
Slovak Republic 99.8 100.1 105.7 107.3 107.4
Spain 95.4 96.8 100.2 100.3 100.4
Sweden 97.8 100.2 105.6 106.8 106.9
Switzerland 100.0 105.1 106.5 103.9 103.9
Turkey 5.8 4.3 3.8 3.4 3.2
United Kingdom 129.6 131.1 126.5 128.1 128.2
United States 134.3 134.8 126.9 124.8 124.9
Euro area 92.4 95.5 106.4 107.6 108.1
Note: For details on the method of calculation, see the section on
exchange rates and competitiveness indicators in OECD Economic Outlook
Sources and Methods (http://www.oexd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
(a) On the technical assumption that exchange rates remain at their
levels of 3 November 2003, except for Turkey, where exchange rates
vary according to official exchange rate policy.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 39. Export volumes of goods and services
National accounts basis, percentage changes from previous year
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Australia 4.3 12.2 3.5 2.9 8.5 13.1
Austria -4.8 2.3 9.8 9.7 7.8 5.2
Belgium 2.3 4.6 10.3 8.8 4.6 2.8
Canada 4.3 2.9 8.9 1.0 4.7 1.8
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 0.4 4.3 11.2 4.2 6.2 6.1
Finland 1.4 2.9 3.1 3.0 1.5 -7.4
France (a) -0.8 2.7 8.6 10.6 4.8 5.5
Germany -1.5 0.3 4.8 10.7 14.3 13.0
Greece 16.8 6.0 -2.1 2.0 -3.5 4.1
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 5.9 3.3 -3.6 2.9 0.0 -7.2
Ireland 2.9 13.7 9.0 10.3 8.7 5.7
Italy 0.8 4.5 5.1 7.8 7.5 -1.4
Japan -5.5 -0.5 5.9 9.1 7.0 4.1
Korea 27.0 22.7 12.2 -4.3 4.1 11.2
Luxembourg 3.0 3.3 11.1 12.6 5.6 9.2
Mexico 4.5 9.5 5.8 5.7 5.3 5.1
Netherlands 1.8 6.2 8.1 7.5 5.6 5.6
New Zealand -0.4 5.6 6.1 -1.4 4.9 10.8
Norway 2.2 1.1 6.4 11.0 8.6 6.1
Poland .. .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 6.8 11.2 8.2 12.2 9.5 1.2
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 0.2 5.3 3.8 1.4 4.7 8.3
Sweden 3.4 4.3 2.8 3.2 1.8 -1.9
Switzerland 0.2 2.0 5.7 5.3 2.6 -0.7
Turkey -5.1 26.4 18.4 -0.3 2.6 3.7
United Kingdom 4.3 6.1 0.7 4.5 5.5 -0.1
United States (a) 7.4 11.2 16.1 11.8 8.7 6.5
Total OECD 1.7 5.0 7.8 7.9 7.2 5.2
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Australia 5.4 8.0 9.0 5.0 10.6 11.5
Austria 1.5 -1.4 5.6 3.0 5.2 12.4
Belgium 2.4 0.9 9.0 4.7 2.3 6.1
Canada 7.2 10.8 12.7 8.5 5.6 8.3
Czech Republic .. .. 0.2 16.7 8.2 9.2
Denmark -0.9 -1.5 7.0 2.9 4.3 4.1
Finland 10.1 16.3 13.6 8.5 5.7 13.7
France (a) 5.3 -0.1 7.9 7.7 3.2 12.0
Germany -2.0 -5.4 7.7 6.0 5.3 11.4
Greece 10.0 -2.6 7.4 3.0 3.5 20.0
Hungary .. .. 13.7 13.4 8.4 26.4
Iceland -2.0 7.0 9.9 -2.1 9.8 5.8
Ireland 13.9 9.7 15.1 20.0 12.2 17.4
Italy 7.3 9.0 9.8 12.6 0.6 6.4
Japan 3.9 -0.1 3.5 4.1 6.5 11.3
Korea 11.3 11.3 16.1 24.6 11.2 21.4
Luxembourg 2.7 4.8 7.7 4.6 5.8 14.8
Mexico 5.0 8.1 17.8 30.2 18.2 10.7
Netherlands 1.8 4.8 9.7 8.8 4.6 8.8
New Zealand 3.7 4.6 10.0 3.8 3.7 3.9
Norway 4.7 3.2 8.4 4.9 10.2 7.7
Poland .. .. 13.1 22.9 12.0 12.2
Portugal 3.2 -3.3 8.4 8.8 7.1 7.1
Slovak Republic .. .. 12.2 4.8 -1.3 19.0
Spain 7.5 7.8 16.7 9.4 10.4 15.3
Sweden 2.2 8.3 14.1 11.5 3.7 13.8
Switzerland 3.1 1.0 2.7 2.8 2.4 8.4
Turkey 11.0 7.7 15.2 8.0 22.0 19.1
United Kingdom 4.3 4.4 9.2 9.3 8.6 8.4
United States (a) 6.2 3.3 8.9 10.3 8.2 12.3
Total OECD 4.2 4.6 8.9 8.9 6.6 11.0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia -0.2 4.6 10.8 1.4 -0.1 -2.7
Austria 8.1 8.5 13.4 7.5 3.7 0.1
Belgium 5.7 5.4 8.6 1.3 0.8 -1.3
Canada 9.1 10.7 8.8 -3.1 -0.1 -1.8
Czech Republic 10.0 6.1 17.0 11.9 2.8 6.2
Denmark 4.3 12.3 13.0 3.0 5.8 1.9
Finland 9.2 6.5 19.3 -0.8 4.9 1.8
France (a) 8.3 4.2 13.4 1.8 1.3 -2.2
Germany 6.4 5.1 14.4 6.1 3.4 0.3
Greece 5.3 18.1 14.1 -1.1 -7.7 1.1
Hungary 16.7 13.1 21.8 8.8 3.8 4.3
Iceland 2.0 4.0 5.0 7.7 3.7 0.0
Ireland 21.0 15.2 20.6 8.3 6.2 -6.9
Italy 3.4 0.1 11.7 1.1 -1.0 -2.6
Japan -2.3 1.5 12.3 -6.0 8.1 7.5
Korea 14.1 15.8 20.5 0.7 14.9 13.8
Luxembourg 14.1 14.8 16.8 2.6 -0.3 1.2
Mexico 12.1 12.4 16.4 -3.6 1.4 -0.3
Netherlands 7.4 5.1 11.3 1.7 0.1 -0.5
New Zealand 1.8 8.0 6.5 2.4 5.8 1.2
Norway 0.6 2.8 4.0 4.1 -0.5 -0.8
Poland 14.3 -2.6 23.2 3.1 4.8 9.8
Portugal 9.1 2.9 7.8 1.8 2.1 3.3
Slovak Republic 13.2 5.2 13.8 6.5 5.9 19.8
Spain 8.2 7.7 10.0 3.6 0.0 4.1
Sweden 8.6 7.4 11.3 -0.8 0.4 5.0
Switzerland 5.4 5.1 10.1 0.0 -0.4 -0.5
Turkey 12.0 -7.0 19.2 7.4 11.0 11.2
United Kingdom 2.8 4.3 9.4 2.5 -0.9 -0.9
United States (a) 2.1 3.4 9.7 -5.4 -1.6 1.4
Total OECD 5.1 5.2 12.0 0.0 1.9 1.5
2004 2005
Australia 7.1 9.1
Austria 3.7 6.8
Belgium 4.7 6.9
Canada 5.0 6.6
Czech Republic 9.2 9.5
Denmark 6.1 7.0
Finland 8.6 9.9
France (a) 4.6 7.1
Germany 4.6 7.2
Greece 6.6 7.5
Hungary 7.2 9.0
Iceland 4.8 5.0
Ireland 4.0 7.4
Italy 4.9 5.6
Japan 9.5 9.8
Korea 13.1 12.2
Luxembourg 3.9 5.9
Mexico 6.5 7.8
Netherlands 2.6 5.2
New Zealand 3.5 6.7
Norway 2.2 3.2
Poland 10.5 11.5
Portugal 5.1 6.6
Slovak Republic 9.3 9.0
Spain 5.2 7.2
Sweden 5.0 6.6
Switzerland 3.8 5.9
Turkey 10.9 11.2
United Kingdom 6.5 8.0
United States (a) 8.5 8.7
Total OECD 6.5 7.9
Note: Regional aggregates are calculated inclusive of intra-regional
trade as the sum of volumes expressed in 2000 US$.
(a) Volume data use hedonic price deflators for certain components.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 40. Import volumes of goods and services
National accounts basis, percentage changes from previous year
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Australia -3.3 2.7 17.1 20.6 -4.0 -2.4
Austria -6.0 4.8 9.3 8.0 6.9 5.8
Belgium 3.9 6.8 10.7 10.0 4.8 2.8
Canada 7.2 5.3 13.5 5.9 2.0 2.5
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 9.5 -3.1 8.3 4.1 1.2 3.0
Finland 2.9 9.4 10.6 9.1 -0.6 -12.9
France (a) 6.5 7.6 8.6 8.4 5.5 2.4
Germany 2.9 4.5 5.0 9.0 11.7 12.2
Greece 13.9 2.1 7.3 10.5 8.4 5.8
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 0.9 23.3 -4.6 -10.3 1.0 4.1
Ireland 5.6 6.2 4.9 13.5 5.1 2.4
Italy 4.0 12.2 5.9 8.9 11.5 2.3
Japan 3.2 11.3 19.5 15.7 7.0 -1.1
Korea 18.7 19.9 13.7 17.1 13.9 19.2
Luxembourg 1.7 7.3 10.5 9.1 5.0 9.1
Mexico -7.6 5.1 36.7 18.0 19.7 15.2
Netherlands 3.5 5.6 6.4 7.7 3.8 4.9
New Zealand 2.8 8.6 -0.9 13.5 3.6 -5.2
Norway 11.8 -6.5 -2.4 2.2 2.5 0.5
Poland .. .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 16.9 23.1 18.0 5.9 14.5 7.2
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 17.2 24.8 16.1 17.7 9.6 10.3
Sweden 3.8 7.6 4.5 7.7 0.7 -4.9
Switzerland 7.9 5.9 5.5 4.8 3.0 -1.4
Turkey -3.5 23.0 -4.5 6.9 33.0 -5.2
United Kingdom 6.9 7.9 12.8 7.4 0.5 -4.5
United States (a) 8.4 6.1 3.8 3.9 3.8 -0.5
Total OECD 5.6 7.4 8.8 8.6 6.0 2.6
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Australia 7.1 4.2 14.3 7.9 8.3 10.5
Austria 1.4 -1.1 8.2 5.6 4.9 12.0
Belgium 3.2 0.5 7.3 4.7 2.4 4.9
Canada 4.7 7.4 8.0 5.7 5.1 14.2
Czech Republic .. .. 7.6 21.2 13.4 8.1
Denmark -0.4 -2.7 12.3 7.3 3.5 10.0
Finland 0.5 1.5 12.4 7.4 5.9 11.2
France (a) 1.7 -3.8 8.6 7.6 1.6 7.3
Germany 0.4 -5.4 7.4 5.8 3.3 8.4
Greece 1.1 0.6 1.5 8.9 7.0 14.2
Hungary .. .. 8.8 -0.7 6.2 24.6
Iceland -5.9 -7.7 4.2 4.0 16.7 8.5
Ireland 8.2 7.5 15.5 16.4 12.5 16.8
Italy 7.4 -10.9 8.1 9.7 -0.3 10.1
Japan -0.7 -1.4 7.8 12.8 13.2 1.2
Korea 5.3 6.2 21.6 22.4 14.2 3.2
Luxembourg -3.1 5.2 6.7 4.2 7.6 13.9
Mexico 19.6 1.9 21.3 -15.0 22.9 22.7
Netherlands 1.5 0.3 9.4 10.5 4.4 9.5
New Zealand 8.3 5.3 13.1 9.0 7.7 2.2
Norway 1.6 4.9 5.8 5.7 8.8 12.4
Poland .. .. 11.3 24.2 28.0 21.4
Portugal 10.7 -3.3 8.8 7.4 4.9 10.0
Slovak Republic .. .. -5.4 11.5 19.8 13.8
Spain 6.8 -5.2 11.4 11.1 8.0 13.3
Sweden 1.5 -2.2 12.2 7.2 3.0 12.5
Switzerland -3.7 -0.5 8.9 6.9 1.9 6.1
Turkey 10.9 35.8 -21.9 29.6 20.5 22.4
United Kingdom 6.8 3.3 5.8 5.6 9.7 9.8
United States (a) 6.6 9.1 12.0 8.2 8.6 13.7
Total OECD 4.0 3.2 9.4 8.2 7.4 10.1
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 6.0 9.2 7.1 -4.1 12.0 9.4
Austria 5.7 9.0 11.6 5.9 1.2 1.0
Belgium 7.3 4.5 8.4 1.1 1.1 -0.2
Canada 5.1 7.8 8.0 -5.0 0.6 3.8
Czech Republic 6.6 5.4 17.0 13.6 4.3 6.9
Denmark 8.9 5.5 11.3 1.9 4.2 0.8
Finland 7.9 3.5 16.9 0.2 1.3 0.9
France (a) 11.6 6.2 15.3 1.4 0.8 1.2
Germany 8.6 8.1 11.0 1.2 -1.6 2.9
Greece 9.2 15.0 8.9 -3.4 -4.7 2.4
Hungary 22.8 12.3 21.1 6.1 6.1 7.7
Iceland 23.4 4.2 8.0 -9.0 -2.3 6.5
Ireland 25.5 12.1 21.3 6.5 2.3 -9.7
Italy 8.9 5.6 8.9 1.0 1.5 1.6
Japan -6.8 3.0 9.4 0.1 2.0 4.5
Korea -22.1 28.8 20.0 -3.0 16.4 13.2
Luxembourg 15.3 14.6 14.8 4.8 -1.6 1.6
Mexico 16.6 14.1 21.5 -1.5 1.6 -1.7
Netherlands 8.5 5.8 10.5 2.4 -0.2 -0.5
New Zealand 1.4 11.9 0.2 1.6 8.8 9.1
Norway 8.5 -1.8 2.7 0.9 1.7 2.5
Poland 18.5 1.0 15.6 -5.4 2.6 7.3
Portugal 14.2 8.5 5.5 0.9 -0.4 -3.0
Slovak Republic 16.9 -6.3 10.2 11.7 5.3 14.7
Spain 13.2 12.6 10.6 4.0 1.8 7.1
Sweden 11.3 4.9 11.5 -3.5 -2.7 5.2
Switzerland 8.3 7.4 8.4 -0.3 -3.5 -2.4
Turkey 2.3 -3.7 25.4 -24.8 15.7 16.6
United Kingdom 9.3 7.9 9.1 4.5 3.6 1.1
United States (a) 11.8 10.9 13.2 -2.9 3.7 3.6
Total OECD 7.4 8.4 12.0 -0.3 2.4 3.1
2004 2005
Australia 6.8 7.7
Austria 3.8 7.4
Belgium 4.9 6.7
Canada 6.2 7.3
Czech Republic 8.6 8.9
Denmark 5.5 7.2
Finland 8.1 9.0
France (a) 5.0 7.2
Germany 4.4 7.1
Greece 5.7 5.3
Hungary 6.0 8.9
Iceland 7.1 8.5
Ireland 2.6 7.7
Italy 5.5 5.8
Japan 5.2 5.1
Korea 13.5 13.9
Luxembourg 4.1 6.0
Mexico 7.2 8.4
Netherlands 1.8 5.7
New Zealand 7.1 6.7
Norway 4.0 3.9
Poland 9.0 9.5
Portugal 3.1 6.1
Slovak Republic 8.0 9.5
Spain 7.6 8.3
Sweden 4.8 6.9
Switzerland 4.4 6.5
Turkey 13.3 12.6
United Kingdom 7.0 8.0
United States (a) 7.3 7.1
Total OECD 6.3 7.4
Note: Regional aggregates are calculated inclusive of intra-regional
trade as the sum of volumes expressed in 2000 US$.
(a) Volume data use hedonic price deflators for certain components.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 41. Export prices of goods and services
Goods and services, percentage changes from previous year, national
currency terms
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Australia 1.2 3.8 8.0 6.0 1.1 -5.1
Austria 0.5 -1.7 2.2 2.3 0.9 0.7
Belgium -6.3 -3.3 3.8 6.9 -1.6 -0.8
Canada -0.4 2.0 0.3 2.1 -0.7 -3.6
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark -5.4 -1.3 -0.8 6.8 0.7 1.7
Finland -3.6 1.7 4.9 5.7 0.4 -0.3
France (a) -3.6 -0.5 2.6 3.7 -1.2 -0.6
Germany -1.2 -1.0 1.7 2.5 -0.2 1.0
Greece 12.2 8.9 11.9 13.9 15.9 14.0
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 19.9 12.0 18.3 26.3 17.6 8.4
Ireland -6.3 0.5 5.6 7.3 -8.1 -0.3
Italy -3.0 1.0 3.4 6.6 3.0 3.9
Japan -12.8 -4.4 -2.3 3.5 1.4 -2.3
Korea 2.6 2.9 1.0 -0.3 5.1 2.4
Luxembourg -2.3 -2.1 2.0 4.3 0.1 1.2
Mexico 79.9 150.6 64.5 18.9 25.2 7.6
Netherlands -15.8 -5.4 0.2 4.0 -0.8 0.1
New Zealand 1.5 4.9 2.8 9.4 -0.2 -2.9
Norway -19.2 1.8 0.6 10.7 3.0 -1.2
Poland .. .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 4.5 10.8 11.7 11.8 6.3 3.4
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain -0.4 3.5 4.7 6.0 0.8 1.5
Sweden -1.5 2.6 5.1 6.5 1.8 1.6
Switzerland 0.5 -0.7 1.6 5.7 2.0 3.6
Turkey 28.8 30.8 74.9 53.2 38.2 61.0
United Kingdom -8.2 2.9 0.3 8.2 4.4 1.6
United States (a) -1.5 2.6 5.3 1.9 0.7 1.4
Total OECD -2.0 3.7 4.5 4.9 1.9 1.1
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Australia 2.0 1.0 -4.0 6.0 -2.6 -0.1
Austria 0.4 0.3 1.3 1.9 1.1 0.8
Belgium -0.9 -1.5 1.3 1.4 1.9 4.7
Canada 2.9 4.4 5.9 6.4 0.6 0.2
Czech Republic .. .. 5.2 6.4 2.7 5.7
Denmark 2.5 -0.3 0.6 1.4 1.7 3.0
Finland 6.1 6.5 1.3 4.9 -0.4 -0.8
France (a) -1.7 -2.2 -0.1 0.7 1.6 2.0
Germany 1.0 0.7 1.0 2.0 0.1 1.2
Greece 10.1 9.1 8.6 8.7 5.6 3.6
Hungary .. .. 18.5 60.9 23.7 11.5
Iceland -1.3 4.3 5.6 4.6 -0.1 2.0
Ireland -2.0 6.8 0.2 1.9 -0.3 1.2
Italy 0.9 10.4 3.3 8.8 1.0 0.3
Japan -2.5 -6.6 -3.0 -1.9 2.9 1.7
Korea 3.1 1.1 1.4 1.7 -2.6 5.0
Luxembourg 1.8 5.7 3.1 1.5 1.5 4.0
Mexico 5.2 3.3 5.9 79.6 22.8 7.1
Netherlands -2.0 -2.1 0.5 0.9 0.5 2.7
New Zealand 5.5 2.2 -2.7 -0.4 -2.6 -2.4
Norway -7.0 2.0 -2.7 1.9 6.9 2.0
Poland .. .. 31.7 19.6 7.6 13.9
Portugal 0.5 4.9 6.4 5.6 -1.7 2.6
Slovak Republic .. .. 12.1 8.4 3.9 -0.2
Spain 2.9 5.0 4.6 5.9 1.5 3.3
Sweden -2.8 9.1 3.7 6.9 -4.6 -0.2
Switzerland 1.7 1.1 -0.4 -1.2 0.6 3.0
Turkey 62.5 59.9 164.8 73.0 69.0 87.0
United Kingdom 1.6 8.8 1.0 3.2 1.3 -4.0
United States (a) -0.3 0.0 1.1 2.4 -1.3 -1.5
Total OECD 0.7 0.3 2.4 5.3 1.7 1.6
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 2.4 -5.0 13.1 7.0 -2.2 -5.8
Austria 0.2 -0.1 2.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.5
Belgium -1.2 0.0 9.6 1.5 -0.9 -1.0
Canada -0.3 1.1 6.2 1.5 -1.5 -0.2
Czech Republic 3.5 0.5 2.7 -0.7 -6.3 1.5
Denmark -2.6 -1.0 9.2 2.2 -2.9 0.3
Finland -1.0 -5.1 3.4 -2.5 -4.7 -3.1
France (a) -1.4 -1.4 2.3 -0.1 -1.6 -0.6
Germany 0.2 -0.8 2.9 0.9 0.2 -0.3
Greece 4.1 1.9 8.0 1.3 2.4 1.1
Hungary 14.9 3.9 9.1 2.9 -4.5 2.9
Iceland 4.9 -0.1 4.0 21.5 -1.7 -5.0
Ireland 2.8 2.4 5.8 4.1 1.0 -3.9
Italy 1.0 0.0 4.3 3.7 -1.0 -0.6
Japan 0.5 -8.5 -3.8 1.3 -1.8 -3.3
Korea 23.0 -20.1 -5.1 -1.0 -10.8 -2.4
Luxembourg 2.7 2.7 7.9 2.2 -2.7 -1.4
Mexico 9.4 6.6 3.5 -2.7 3.2 12.8
Netherlands -1.4 -0.7 8.2 1.6 -0.8 -0.5
New Zealand 5.1 -0.2 15.2 7.6 -8.0 -7.7
Norway -7.9 10.7 35.7 -2.3 -9.1 1.0
Poland 13.2 5.9 1.7 1.3 4.8 7.7
Portugal 0.8 0.2 5.4 2.3 0.2 -2.0
Slovak Republic 2.0 5.6 12.4 5.4 0.7 -5.0
Spain 0.6 0.4 7.3 2.7 1.1 0.5
Sweden -1.3 -1.6 2.2 2.8 -1.9 -1.7
Switzerland -0.9 1.3 2.7 1.4 -1.9 -1.8
Turkey 60.1 52.1 39.9 86.9 19.0 7.7
United Kingdom -3.8 -0.6 2.2 -0.7 1.3 0.7
United States (a) -2.2 -0.8 1.4 -0.7 -0.3 2.2
Total OECD 0.8 -1.3 3.5 1.2 -0.9 0.2
2004 2005
Australia -5.3 -0.5
Austria 1.0 1.8
Belgium -0.4 1.1
Canada -0.1 1.4
Czech Republic 0.6 1.4
Denmark 2.0 1.8
Finland -0.4 1.5
France (a) -1.0 0.1
Germany 0.8 1.9
Greece 1.3 1.3
Hungary 2.0 3.3
Iceland 4.0 3.8
Ireland 1.1 2.5
Italy 0.5 2.2
Japan -1.5 -0.5
Korea -3.2 -2.0
Luxembourg 1.3 1.6
Mexico 4.6 4.0
Netherlands -0.3 0.9
New Zealand -1.5 0.7
Norway 3.5 1.5
Poland 8.6 1.2
Portugal 0.3 1.1
Slovak Republic -4.5 -3.5
Spain 0.8 1.7
Sweden -0.5 1.7
Switzerland -0.3 0.3
Turkey 7.3 9.4
United Kingdom -0.3 0.7
United States (a) 1.4 1.3
Total OECD 0.3 1.2
Note: Regional aggregates are calculated inclusive of intra-regional
trade. They are calculated as the geometric averages of prices weighted
by trade volumes expressed in 2000 US$.
(a) Certain components are estimated on a hedonic basis.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 42. Import prices of goods and services
Goods and services, percentage changes from previous year, national
currency terms
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Australia 9.9 3.0 -4.0 -1.4 4.1 1.3
Austria -0.6 -2.0 2.3 3.3 0.6 1.2
Belgium -9.8 -4.1 2.4 5.8 -1.3 -1.0
Canada 1.9 -1.2 -2.1 0.2 1.4 -1.6
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark -11.2 -1.6 -1.4 6.8 -0.6 2.8
Finland -7.0 -0.4 1.2 5.2 1.1 2.8
France (a) -12.8 -1.4 1.7 6.0 -1.6 -0.1
Germany -11.5 -4.8 1.8 5.3 -0.9 2.3
Greece 8.0 6.9 9.2 14.7 13.7 12.3
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 13.8 7.4 19.2 31.5 19.3 4.5
Ireland -10.2 1.3 6.4 6.2 -3.7 2.4
Italy -14.2 -1.7 4.8 6.9 -1.8 0.5
Japan -31.6 -7.1 -4.6 6.7 8.1 -5.1
Korea -4.1 0.2 -1.6 -5.4 7.3 1.9
Luxembourg -1.7 -1.2 0.8 3.8 1.6 2.5
Mexico 135.0 131.5 68.4 14.9 16.2 9.1
Netherlands -16.6 -3.1 -0.2 4.6 -1.3 0.3
New Zealand -2.0 -4.9 -3.2 8.1 1.5 2.3
Norway -1.7 6.9 4.4 7.0 1.2 -0.4
Poland .. .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal -6.8 9.5 11.7 10.6 4.1 1.0
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain -16.2 -2.8 0.1 1.9 -2.8 -1.4
Sweden -6.8 3.8 4.1 5.7 3.3 0.3
Switzerland -9.3 -3.6 4.0 8.4 -0.4 0.6
Turkey 28.8 33.1 79.0 66.7 28.4 60.2
United Kingdom -4.4 2.4 -0.9 6.5 3.3 0.3
United States (a) 0.0 5.9 4.9 2.5 2.6 -0.5
Total OECD -5.2 3.3 4.1 5.1 2.4 0.7
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Australia 4.2 5.7 -4.3 3.4 -6.6 -1.7
Austria 0.3 0.8 1.2 0.5 2.1 1.8
Belgium -2.4 -2.6 1.7 1.4 2.2 5.9
Canada 4.4 6.4 6.6 3.4 -1.1 0.8
Czech Republic .. .. 2.7 5.8 1.0 5.2
Denmark -0.8 -0.5 0.7 1.2 -0.1 2.2
Finland 7.7 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9
France (a) -3.2 -3.2 0.3 0.6 2.4 1.6
Germany -1.2 -1.0 0.6 0.8 0.5 3.1
Greece 12.3 7.4 5.6 7.5 5.0 2.8
Hungary .. .. 15.6 53.8 25.4 12.0
Iceland -0.8 8.9 5.5 3.4 2.9 -0.4
Ireland -1.2 4.5 2.4 3.8 -0.5 0.7
Italy 1.1 14.8 4.8 11.1 -2.9 1.4
Japan -5.1 -8.3 -4.3 -1.3 8.5 5.7
Korea 3.5 0.3 1.0 4.3 3.0 11.6
Luxembourg 2.7 3.2 2.1 1.3 0.9 3.6
Mexico 4.3 3.7 5.3 95.2 21.2 3.6
Netherlands -1.1 -2.1 0.1 0.2 1.2 2.2
New Zealand 6.2 -1.4 -3.9 -1.8 -3.6 -0.5
Norway -1.8 1.5 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.3
Poland .. .. 27.0 18.0 10.4 15.7
Portugal -4.2 4.4 4.3 3.9 1.6 2.7
Slovak Republic .. .. 12.6 7.2 6.7 1.0
Spain 1.2 6.1 5.8 4.4 0.7 3.5
Sweden -2.4 13.9 4.0 5.7 -4.2 0.8
Switzerland 2.6 -2.0 -4.8 -3.3 0.4 4.6
Turkey 63.1 48.9 163.3 85.0 80.4 74.1
United Kingdom 0.0 8.6 3.0 5.9 0.1 -7.1
United States (a) 0.2 -0.9 1.0 2.7 -1.8 -3.6
Total OECD 0.4 0.0 2.7 5.9 1.9 1.4
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 6.8 -4.5 7.3 5.8 -4.6 -8.5
Austria 0.1 -0.1 3.2 -0.3 -1.7 0.0
Belgium -2.1 0.8 11.8 1.5 -1.9 -2.6
Canada 3.7 -0.2 2.1 3.0 0.6 -6.1
Czech Republic -1.4 1.2 5.5 -3.1 -7.9 1.1
Denmark -2.5 -2.4 9.7 2.3 -0.2 -1.6
Finland -2.6 -2.0 7.0 -2.8 -2.9 0.4
France (a) -2.8 -1.5 5.2 -1.1 -3.0 -0.4
Germany -2.0 -1.0 7.7 0.9 -1.7 -2.1
Greece 3.8 1.7 9.3 1.6 0.6 0.9
Hungary 13.9 6.4 10.8 2.4 -5.3 3.5
Iceland -0.7 0.7 6.8 21.2 -2.2 -2.0
Ireland 2.5 2.6 7.5 3.6 -0.9 -2.0
Italy -1.3 0.2 12.4 2.0 -2.4 -1.1
Japan -2.7 -7.9 1.3 3.0 -1.9 -1.5
Korea 27.6 -17.5 6.0 4.3 -10.3 -1.5
Luxembourg 1.2 2.3 7.7 3.0 -2.0 -1.3
Mexico 12.2 3.3 0.1 -3.0 2.1 13.8
Netherlands -1.5 0.5 8.3 0.5 -0.6 -1.4
New Zealand 5.5 0.6 14.8 2.4 -6.7 -10.0
Norway 1.4 -1.1 6.6 0.0 -6.2 0.9
Poland 10.8 7.1 7.7 1.3 5.2 10.3
Portugal -1.2 -0.3 8.2 0.4 -2.4 -1.7
Slovak Republic -0.4 7.7 12.0 8.4 -0.2 -7.5
Spain -0.3 0.7 9.7 0.5 -1.0 -1.6
Sweden -0.5 1.1 4.5 4.6 0.4 -1.5
Switzerland -3.8 -1.3 5.9 1.0 -2.6 0.2
Turkey 62.5 48.2 50.6 89.2 30.2 9.0
United Kingdom -5.8 -1.2 3.1 0.0 -2.0 0.1
United States (a) -5.4 0.1 4.5 -2.9 0.3 3.9
Total OECD -0.5 -0.9 6.0 0.9 -1.1 0.4
2004 2005
Australia -6.1 -1.5
Austria 0.9 1.5
Belgium -0.7 1.1
Canada -0.9 1.6
Czech Republic 0.5 1.3
Denmark 1.9 1.4
Finland 0.4 2.4
France (a) -1.5 -0.4
Germany -0.7 1.5
Greece 1.2 1.4
Hungary 2.5 3.3
Iceland 2.1 2.6
Ireland -0.3 2.0
Italy 0.7 2.4
Japan -1.4 -0.3
Korea -2.5 -0.6
Luxembourg 0.3 1.0
Mexico 5.8 4.4
Netherlands -0.5 0.9
New Zealand -1.6 0.5
Norway 3.2 1.2
Poland 9.2 3.2
Portugal -1.0 0.0
Slovak Republic -2.9 -2.0
Spain 0.2 1.7
Sweden -1.7 0.7
Switzerland 1.9 0.3
Turkey 5.4 7.2
United Kingdom 0.5 0.8
United States (a) 1.4 1.5
Total OECD 0.3 1.2
Note: Regional aggregates are calculated inclusive of intra-regional
trade. They are calculated as the geometric averages of prices weighted
by trade volumes expressed in 2000 US$.
(a) Certain components are estimated on a hedonic basis.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 43. Competitive positions: relative consumer prices
Indices, 1995 = 100
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Australia 103.1 103.1 113.4 120.5 118.6 116.2
Austria 94.1 96.8 96.1 94.1 96.2 94.6
Belgium 93.6 96.6 94.0 92.0 95.8 94.7
Canada 111.4 114.0 120.7 125.7 125.4 129.1
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 94.5 98.8 98.2 95.5 99.2 95.5
Finland 115.1 117.6 121.1 126.9 130.2 124.3
France 99.5 100.7 98.4 95.6 98.9 95.8
Germany 89.9 93.1 90.6 87.3 89.9 88.7
Greece 84.4 85.7 87.5 87.4 91.7 93.0
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 110.6 116.8 123.7 115.9 112.7 115.1
Ireland 111.0 110.2 106.0 102.8 107.5 104.0
Italy 124.6 127.4 126.0 127.9 132.8 133.5
Japan 78.4 82.9 87.3 78.0 70.8 76.3
Korea 88.2 86.4 95.8 110.0 107.5 107.0
Luxembourg 95.7 96.7 95.2 93.6 96.5 95.6
Mexico 91.5 88.2 111.4 116.4 120.4 133.3
Netherlands 100.2 102.3 99.5 94.2 96.2 94.3
New Zealand 89.0 103.1 109.0 102.0 100.7 95.5
Norway 106.0 107.8 110.6 109.7 108.0 104.3
Poland .. .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 82.4 80.3 80.6 82.9 87.3 92.9
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 95.8 97.5 102.4 108.3 114.9 116.3
Sweden 109.9 109.8 112.5 114.5 118.8 124.5
Switzerland 89.1 92.6 90.8 84.6 90.4 90.2
Turkey 111.5 103.2 99.0 106.9 119.6 121.8
United Kingdom 106.3 106.4 114.6 113.9 117.9 120.4
United States 125.8 114.1 106.3 106.1 104.0 102.1
Euro area 96.6 102.6 98.1 94.0 102.7 99.3
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Australia 105.0 96.9 101.7 100.0 109.4 108.4
Austria 96.0 97.1 97.3 100.0 97.4 94.1
Belgium 95.4 95.3 96.8 100.0 97.6 92.8
Canada 119.3 111.2 102.2 100.0 100.1 99.4
Czech Republic .. 92.1 96.7 100.0 106.6 108.4
Denmark 96.1 96.9 96.6 100.0 98.5 95.9
Finland 107.4 89.8 93.2 100.0 94.2 90.6
France 97.1 98.2 98.0 100.0 99.4 95.4
Germany 92.7 95.8 96.4 100.0 96.0 91.3
Greece 95.5 96.2 96.9 100.0 102.8 103.4
Hungary .. 107.9 105.3 100.0 101.1 107.2
Iceland 115.1 108.4 101.5 100.0 99.3 100.9
Ireland 107.2 99.4 99.1 100.0 101.6 100.4
Italy 131.3 110.9 107.8 100.0 110.7 111.2
Japan 78.5 91.1 98.3 100.0 83.6 78.9
Korea 100.6 97.8 98.9 100.0 103.6 97.7
Luxembourg 96.5 96.4 97.6 100.0 97.7 94.7
Mexico 144.5 154.4 147.6 100.0 111.7 129.2
Netherlands 95.9 96.3 96.4 100.0 97.3 92.1
New Zealand 86.6 88.6 93.3 100.0 106.0 108.0
Norway 104.2 100.3 97.7 100.0 98.8 100.0
Poland .. 92.3 93.4 100.0 107.4 111.1
Portugal 101.2 98.1 96.6 100.0 99.9 98.6
Slovak Republic .. 98.9 97.8 100.0 99.8 105.4
Spain 115.9 103.2 98.6 100.0 101.6 97.1
Sweden 124.5 102.3 100.9 100.0 107.7 102.3
Switzerland 88.6 90.2 94.3 100.0 96.4 89.0
Turkey 117.1 125.6 92.2 100.0 101.0 108.0
United Kingdom 116.0 103.4 103.8 100.0 101.7 119.1
United States 99.9 101.3 101.5 100.0 103.1 108.4
Euro area 103.1 97.0 96.6 10.0 99.0 90.3
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 99.1 99.4 94.6 91.0 96.0 107.2
Austria 94.3 93.4 90.9 91.0 91.2 93.3
Belgium 93.5 92.1 88.4 89.1 90.1 93.8
Canada 93.8 93.0 93.5 90.6 89.8 99.2
Czech Republic 118.7 117.0 119.3 127.2 141.1 137.0
Denmark 98.0 98.1 94.5 95.9 97.4 101.6
Finland 91.7 91.6 87.6 88.8 89.5 92.3
France 96.0 94.0 89.6 89.4 90.5 94.2
Germany 92.2 90.1 84.5 84.4 84.9 88.4
Greece 102.1 102.8 96.1 97.0 99.5 104.0
Hungary 108.0 111.2 112.7 121.9 134.3 136.9
Iceland 103.2 106.2 110.1 97.0 102.9 108.4
Ireland 97.3 94.2 89.9 93.5 98.5 109.1
Italy 112.7 111.6 107.2 108.4 110.6 116.1
Japan 79.7 89.4 94.7 84.8 79.3 79.1
Korea 74.5 84.6 90.9 86.0 90.5 92.1
Luxembourg 95.0 94.3 92.5 93.0 94.1 97.1
Mexico 130.5 142.7 154.9 165.0 165.1 148.5
Netherlands 94.6 94.0 89.0 91.5 94.7 100.3
New Zealand 96.5 91.8 83.2 82.5 89.9 101.3
Norway 97.4 97.8 96.5 100.2 107.9 105.8
Poland 117.9 114.9 126.9 143.4 136.9 122.5
Portugal 99.4 99.5 97.3 99.8 102.0 105.6
Slovak Republic 107.6 107.1 118.1 119.5 120.9 136.6
Spain 98.0 97.8 9.5 97.8 100.1 104.3
Sweden 99.3 97.4 95.8 87.8 89.9 94.1
Switzerland 90.5 89.4 86.8 88.6 91.7 91.4
Turkey 118.9 125.6 140.5 114.7 124.7 139.0
United Kingdom 128.0 127.8 131.5 128.8 129.6 124.9
United States 117.0 115A 119.0 125.8 125.9 119.3
Euro area 92.2 88.5 79.5 81.1 83.9 93.0
Note: Competitiveness-weighted relative consumer prices in dollar
terms. Competitiveness weights take into account the structure of
competition in both export and import markets of the manufacturing
sector of 42 countries. An increase in the index indicates a real
effective appreciation and a corresponding deterioration of the
competitive position. For details on the method of calculation see
Durand, M., C. Madasehi and F. Terribile (1998), "Trends in OECD
Countries' International Competitiveness: The Influence of Emerging
Market Economies", OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 195.
See also OECD Eronomic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http.//www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 44. Competitive positions: relative unit labour costs
Indices, 1995 = 100
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
Australia 180.8 164.6 161.5 163.9 149.9 133.1
Austria 109.3 115.7 109.8 104.0 104.2 102.1
Belgium 93.1 96.3 93.6 91.7 97.6 97.3
Canada 102.3 109.3 117.8 121.8 125.0 128.5
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark 82.3 90.2 95.4 89.6 97.8 93.8
Finland 127.6 125.8 129.8 136.0 143.0 137.2
France 109.5 108.5 104.1 100.5 106.8 102.0
Germany 77.7 83.6 83.1 80.5 83.0 83.6
Greece 88.2 85.1 93.8 99.7 106.3 97.8
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 96.4 118.0 128.2 113.6 109.6 113.2
Ireland 163.8 151.1 138.6 127.6 133.0 126.8
Italy 134.1 133.5 130.9 130.6 129.9 133.1
Japan 65.7 69.5 71.8 65.2 60.9 66.6
Korea 65.2 68.4 84.0 99.4 96.7 98.4
Luxembourg 121.9 123.3 111.9 105.8 106.7 104.3
Mexico 103.5 105.0 109.1 120.9 123.0 137.4
Netherlands 99.1 106.8 104.5 97.5 99.1 97.6
New Zealand 80.0 89.8 99.9 92.8 93.0 92.0
Norway 94.1 95.3 100.4 98.7 97.5 95.5
Poland .. .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 87.4 83.7 86.9 94.6 89.8 91.7
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 82.9 84.1 89.5 96.5 108.6 109.6
Sweden 131.6 132.5 137.4 144.2 148.7 151.2
Switzerland 76.6 81.9 83.4 78.9 84.9 85.3
Turkey 97.2 88.5 80.8 122.2 173.4 190.6
United Kingdom 106.2 109.3 116.6 112.7 116.7 120.0
United States 148.8 125.7 116.4 117.5 114.4 112.1
Euro area 94.2 101.6 97.2 92.2 101.0 98.8
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Australia 115.8 101.4 102.8 100.0 103.6 104.6
Austria 103.6 105.8 98.8 100.0 102.0 91.9
Belgium 97.3 96.5 96.9 100.0 94.7 87.7
Canada 117.6 105.0 97.8 100.0 105.9 106.2
Czech Republic .. 90.2 98.1 100.0 107.1 104.8
Denmark 96.1 101.0 96.6 100.0 104.2 98.6
Finland 107.5 82.0 86.7 100.0 94.1 88.9
France 100.1 101.5 100.5 100.0 99.6 94.2
Germany 89.8 91.5 92.5 100.0 97.4 92.5
Greece 94.2 88.2 92.1 100.0 102.7 105.7
Hungary .. 122.7 122.1 100.0 92.4 92.6
Iceland 110.9 101.1 99.2 100.0 98.8 104.2
Ireland 122.9 113.0 109.0 100.0 99.1 91.6
Italy 131.1 120.0 114.1 100.0 111.8 113.3
Japan 73.4 89.1 98.5 100.0 84.8 80.3
Korea 90.6 87.3 89.8 100.0 107.1 93.5
Luxembourg 104.2 103.1 101.6 100.0 96.0 92.5
Mexico 153.0 164.7 160.6 100.0 101.8 111.8
Netherlands 100.4 99.8 96.3 100.0 96.7 93.5
New Zealand 82.3 85.3 93.3 100.0 111.1 116.6
Norway 93.4 90.4 94.0 100.0 101.2 107.5
Poland .. 90.1 96.1 100.0 102.7 102.3
Portugal 100.6 91.6 95.0 100.0 91.3 92.6
Slovak Republic .. 83.3 89.2 100.0 107.6 125.7
Spain 112.4 102.4 99.2 100.0 104.4 103.1
Sweden 148.3 105.9 100.1 100.0 111.6 105.0
Switzerland 83.5 82.7 91.2 100.0 96.5 92.5
Turkey 172.0 171.3 111.5 100.0 100.2 112.4
United Kingdom 111.3 98.3 100.5 100.0 103.4 125.2
United States 108.0 106.6 105.5 100.0 101.1 106.1
Euro area 103.1 99.1 96.6 100.0 100.5 91.3
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Australia 93.3 91.1 86.6 81.5 86.0 98.8
Austria 82.0 79.1 72.0 70.5 71.7 73.6
Belgium 89.0 89.6 84.7 87.0 89.7 93.2
Canada 101.6 101.8 101.4 101.8 102.4 115.2
Czech Republic 115.1 116.6 115.7 119.2 125.6 122.6
Denmark 102.2 104.6 104.2 106.5 109.2 115.5
Finland 91.3 91.6 82.9 87.2 85.6 88.6
France 90.4 87.3 81.8 80.6 80.7 83.8
Germany 94.7 96.1 93.1 93.0 92.2 95.7
Greece 101.1 102.8 98.1 98.5 100.6 105.7
Hungary 85.4 85.5 78.2 86.3 97.9 101.9
Iceland 113.4 124.9 135.1 116.9 123.1 132.5
Ireland 81.8 81.6 74.1 71.9 75.1 84.4
Italy 119.2 120.7 113.1 115.0 122.7 130.9
Japan 87.1 97.9 101.1 95.9 87.2 86.8
Korea 65.0 67.4 71.0 69.2 76.1 78.3
Luxembourg 92.7 88.8 88.1 92.4 91.2 92.1
Mexico 108.3 112.8 122.0 129.5 131.4 119.3
Netherlands 97.7 95.1 93.2 93.2 97.3 104.9
New Zealand 107.9 107.9 97.0 95.1 103.7 116.8
Norway 109.7 117.3 120.9 127.9 144.4 145.3
Poland 107.9 101.1 100.4 104.9 94.0 83.2
Portugal 94.4 96.8 97.5 100.3 102.1 104.4
Slovak Republic 133.7 132.2 146.7 153.6 163.7 180.6
Spain 106.0 106.0 106.3 110.2 114.9 121.7
Sweden 101.3 95.4 89.0 81.7 83.4 87.9
Switzerland 95.9 96.2 95.9 100.7 107.5 108.7
Turkey 125.6 147.1 168.5 121.2 118.0 126.2
United Kingdom 138.3 140.6 144.9 142.7 145.7 138.3
United States 115.5 113.8 118.4 122.9 120.5 112.5
Euro area 93.1 92.0 83.1 84.5 88.6 99.4
Note.: Competitiveness-weighted relative unit labour costs in the
manufacturing sector in dollar terms. Competitiveness weights take into
account the structure of competition in both export and import markets
of the manufacturing sector of 42 countries. An increase in the index
indicates a real effective appreciation and a corresponding
deterioration of the competitive position. For details on the method of
calculation see Durand, M., C. Madaschi and F. Terribile (1998). Trends
in OECD Countries' International Competitiveness: The Influence of
Emerging Market Economies". OECD Economics Department Working Papers,
No. 195. See also OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 45. Export performance for total goods and services
Percentage changes from previous year
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
Australia 2.3 3.4 -6.7 -6.6 2.2 8.2 -0.6
Austria -6.7 -2.7 3.2 2.2 2.1 2.9 0.5
Belgium -0.9 -1.6 2.6 0.9 -0.9 -1.0 -0.4
Canada -2.6 -3.0 3.7 -3.7 0.6 1.40 0.8
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark -3.6 -1.3 4.5 -2.9 1.8 4.7 -3.2
Finland 0.10 -1.9 -3.8 -3.9 -0.9 -6.4 9.9
France -3.1 -3.5 1.0 2.60 -0.8 1.40 1.6
Germany -3.9 -5.6 -2.8 3.0 9.6 12.1 -5.1
Greece 15.1 0.8 -7.9 -4.3 -6.9 4.1 8.8
Hungary .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 0.7 -3.0 -12 -4.9 -4.6 -8.6 -4.6
Ireland -1.5 6.3 0.5 2.3 3.5 3.3 9.5
Italy -1.2 -1.1 -2.3 0.2 2.7 -4.2 5.4
Japan -9.6 -8.5 -3.6 1.4 0.6 -2.8 -4.2
Korea 25.6 14.7 1.2 -12 -0.9 5.7 4.1
Luxembourg -1.3 -2.9 3.1 4.5 0.2 5.9 0.1
Mexico -3.4 3.2 1.1 1.5 1.2 4.5 -1.7
Netherlands -1.7 -0.2 0.1 -0.6 -0.4 1.6 -0.9
New Zealand -2.3 -1.0 -5.3 -12 1.4 7.9 -2.1
Norway -2.6 -5.0 -2.0 3.3 4.8 5.1 1.3
Poland .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal 1.8 3.2 -0.2 3.1 3.2 -3.6 -0.5
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Spain -3.6 -1.7 -3.8 -5.3 -1.7 4.2 3.2
Sweden -0.7 0.3 -4.0 -3.6 -2.3 -3.7 -0.6
Switzerland -2.3 -4.2 -1.9 -2.5 -3.7 -5.1 -0.4
Turkey -3.5 22.0 11.5 -6.8 -0.2 3.0 12.0
United Kingdom 1.5 0.4 -5.8 -2.9 0.1 -3.7 1.0
United States 4.1 4.1 3.1 3.1 2.6 0.6 -0.5
Total OECD -1.6 -1.4 -0.7 0.2 1.8 1.5 -0.4
Memorandum items
China .. .. .. .. .. 9.4 10.0
Dynamic Asia (b) .. .. .. .. .. 5.4 5.5
Other Asia .. .. .. .. .. 6.6 4.9
Latin America -7.0 1.9 4.9 2.1 3.0 -1.3 1.8
Africa & Middle-East 3.9 -2.2 -0.3 -0.3 2.0 -3.5 5.7
Central & East Europe .. .. .. .. .. -9.6 -17.7
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Australia 1.8 -0.5 -6.0 1.5 3.3 2.2 -2.1
Austria -0.6 -0.5 -3.5 0.0 2.5 0.6 2.2
Belgium 1.2 1.6 -2.9 -2.9 -3.4 -2.5 -1.3
Canada 2.5 1.3 0.1 -2.7 -4.0 -0.8 0.7
Czech Republic .. -4.5 9.2 1.3 -1.1 1.7 1.2
Denmark -2.1 -1.1 -4.3 -1.6 -5.8 -3.6 5.8
Finland 12.6 7.6 1.7 -0.5 3.4 3.4 1.5
France -0.7 1.2 -0.1 -2.8 1.7 1.1 -2.3
Germany -7.1 0.5 -2.0 -1.1 0.9 -0.7 -1.0
Greece -5.6 2.0 -3.4 -2.8 8.8 -1.6 11.3
Hungary .. 7.5 6.6 3.1 15.6 9.2 6.6
Iceland 6.6 1.8 -9.3 2.6 -2.9 -4.3 -2.5
Ireland 8.4 6.7 11.1 5.3 7.0 13.3 7.4
Italy 6.9 3.5 4.8 -5.4 -3.4 -3.2 -5.7
Japan -8.3 -7.2 -6.3 -1.0 -0.1 -2.3 -6.1
Korea 3.1 6.3 12.7 2.4 10.3 13.2 9.2
Luxembourg 5.2 -0.3 -2.7 1.0 5.0 5.1 7.7
Mexico -0.5 5.5 20.0 9.2 -2.5 1.1 2.5
Netherlands 5.5 2.2 1.6 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 -1.3
New Zealand -0.7 -0.6 -5.7 -4.6 -4.9 0.0 0.6
Norway 1.9 -0.1 -2.5 3.9 -2.3 -7.1 -3.8
Poland .. 8.6 16.4 6.5 3.1 8.3 -6.8
Portugal -2.0 0.5 0.9 1.4 -2.9 -0.2 -4.3
Slovak Republic .. 6.4 -2.9 -7.4 8.4 5.8 -0.2
Spain 8.5 8.9 1.6 5.1 4.7 -0.4 1.8
Sweden 6.2 6.1 3.6 -2.8 3.1 1.6 1.9
Switzerland 0.4 -4.5 -5.0 -3.3 -1.5 -0.6 -1.3
Turkey 5.2 11.8 2.3 14.9 9.2 6.9 -12
United Kingdom 2.5 1.3 0.7 2.2 -1.8 -4.4 -2.3
United States -1.6 -0.9 2.7 -0.1 0.5 -0.9 -2.4
Total OECD -0.6 0.4 0.6 -0.3 0.2 -0.4 -1.4
Memorandum items
China 9.2 23.8 0.6 10.3 18.6 6.3 2.1
Dynamic Asia (b) 2.2 2.1 1.4 -3.8 1.1 -1.5 -0.3
Other Asia 3.6 1.9 4.1 0.8 2.3 4.6 3.5
Latin America 4.7 -4.9 -3.8 -0.9 -1.7 0.8 -2.3
Africa & Middle-East 4.2 -4.3 -7.2 -1.7 -0.7 3.1 -3.3
Central & East Europe 13.3 -2.8 -2.8 -4.5 -4.4 -2.9 4.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia -1.4 2.0 -5.3 -8.3 -1.7 -1.0
Austria 1.1 5.3 1.9 -3.9 -2.5 -1.2
Belgium -2.9 -0.2 -0.7 -3.9 -1.0 -0.6
Canada -3.7 -1.0 -3.6 -5.4 -2.2 -0.8
Czech Republic 4.3 9.0 0.8 1.2 2.5 1.1
Denmark 1.6 2.6 4.5 -1.4 0.1 -0.5
Finland 6.1 -2.7 1.6 -3.1 1.0 0.9
France 2.3 0.5 -0.7 -5.3 -1.7 -0.7
Germany 1.9 4.4 0.6 -3.1 -2.1 -0.9
Greece 1.9 -2.0 -11 -2.9 -0.4 -0.4
Hungary 8.6 6.1 2.1 0.6 1.0 1.0
Iceland -5.0 6.6 1.7 -2.7 -1.0 -2.1
Ireland 8.3 7.5 3.7 -9.6 -2.4 -0.4
Italy -0.4 -0.3 -3.1 -6.2 -1.8 -2.5
Japan -1.8 -4.4 2.6 1.6 -0.3 -1.2
Korea 6.1 0.8 9.2 7.1 3.4 1.3
Luxembourg 4.9 1.3 -1.3 -0.7 -1.5 -1.3
Mexico 3.4 -1.2 -1.5 -3.7 -0.6 0.6
Netherlands 0.0 0.5 -1.2 -3.1 -3.2 -2.4
New Zealand -4.4 3.7 -0.1 -4.4 -4.2 -2.1
Norway -6.6 3.2 -2.2 -3.2 -3.6 -4.1
Poland 9.4 -0.7 2.1 4.6 3.3 2.8
Portugal -2.8 -0.1 0.9 0.1 -0.9 -0.9
Slovak Republic 0.2 1.5 3.1 14.2 2.2 0.6
Spain -0.8 2.4 -1.0 2.2 -0.5 -0.2
Sweden 0.0 -1.9 -2.2 1.6 -1.6 -1.3
Switzerland -1.6 -0.7 -2.3 -3.9 -2.6 -2.0
Turkey 6.4 4.4 7.2 6.2 3.5 2.5
United Kingdom -2.4 1.9 -3.1 -3.5 0.3 0.2
United States -2.0 -4.7 -3.4 -1.9 1.0 -0.2
Total OECD -0.2 -0.2 -0.8 -2.2 -0.6 -0.6
Memorandum items
China 15.4 12.0 16.8 8.7 4.5 8.7
Dynamic Asia (b) -4.4 -5.8 0.6 5.3 3.7 1.0
Other Asia 5.4 6.2 -0.5 2.1 1.0 0.0
Latin America -4.2 5.7 0.8 0.4 -1.0 -1.6
Africa & Middle-East -5.6 4.1 -0.1 -1.1 -1.5 -1.2
Central & East Europe -2.9 -0.1 4.4 -0.8 -0.4 -1.0
Note: Regional aggregates are calculated inclusive of intra-regional
trade. Export performance is the ratio between export volumes and
export markets for total goods and services. The calculation of export
markets is based on a weighted average of import volumes in each
exporting country's markets, with weights based on trade flows in 2000.
(b) Dynamic Asia includes Chinese Taipei; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Philippines; Singapore and Thailand.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 46. Shares in World exports and imports
Percentage, values for goods and services, national accounts basis
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
A. Exports
Canada 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5
France 6.1 6.1 6.2 5.6 5.5 5.6
Germany 12.1 10.8 10.7 9.4 9.3 9.6
Italy 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.7
Japan 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.4 8.2 7.7
United Kingdom 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.2 5.1
United States 13.1 13.9 13.7 14.0 13.7 13.0
Other OECD countries 23.6 23.9 23.9 23.9 24.3 25.3
Total OECD 76.6 76.6 76.5 74.9 74.5 74.5
Non-OECD Asia 10.3 11.6 12.5 13.7 14.6 14.9
Latin America 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.8
Other non-OECD countries 10.4 9.2 8.4 8.6 8.0 7.9
Total of non-OECD countries 23.4 23.4 23.5 25.1 25.5 25.5
B. Imports
Canada 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.3
France 6.4 6.2 6.1 5.2 5.2 5.3
Germany 10.0 10.8 10.8 9.5 9.4 9.5
Italy 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.1 4.0 4.1
Japan 6.8 6.7 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
United Kingdom 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.3
United States 14.8 14.3 14.3 15.4 15.6 14.6
Other OECD countries 24.0 23.9 24.0 23.6 23.9 24.5
Total OECD 76.9 76.1 75.7 73.3 73.6 73.0
Non-OECD Asia 10.2 11.3 12.4 14.3 15.1 15.6
Latin America 2.0 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.2
Other non-OECD countries 10.9 10.3 9.3 9.5 8.2 8.2
Total of non-OECD countries 23.1 23.9 24.3 26.7 26.4 27.0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
A. Exports
Canada 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.1
France 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.3 4.8 4.9
Germany 9.1 8.0 9.2 8.9 8.1 8.6
Italy 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.3 3.9 4.1
Japan 6.9 6.7 6.2 6.4 6.5 5.7
United Kingdom 5.3 5.5 0.5 5.5 5.2 5.2
United States 13.2 14.0 14.2 14.1 14.0 13.6
Other OECD countries 25.3 24.7 26.0 26.0 25.2 25.9
Total OECD 73.6 72.8 75.2 74.5 71.9 72.1
Non-OECD Asia 15.2 16.0 14.7 15.1 16.2 16.0
Latin America 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9
Other non-OECD countries 8.4 8.2 7.2 7.6 9.0 9.0
Total of non-OECD countries 26.4 27.2 24.8 25.5 28.1 27.9
B. Imports
Canada 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6
France 5.1 4.7 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.6
Germany 8.9 8.3 8.8 8.7 8.0 8.1
Italy 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9
Japan 6.6 6.2 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.4
United Kingdom 5.4 5.6 5.9 5.9 5.5 5.7
United States 14.8 15.6 16.7 17.8 18.7 18.2
Other OECD countries 24.8 24.3 25.2 25.3 24.6 24.8
Total OECD 72.8 72.0 74.6 75.8 74.6 74.2
Non-OECD Asia 15.7 16.0 13.7 14.0 15.3 14.9
Latin America 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.0 2.9 3.0
Other non-OECD countries 8.3 8.4 8.0 7.3 7.2 7.8
Total of non-OECD countries 27.2 28.0 25.4 24.2 25.4 25.8
2002 2003 2004 2005
A. Exports
Canada 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6
France 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.7
Germany 9.0 9.4 9.3 9.2
Italy 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9
Japan 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.4
United Kingdom 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.8
United States 12.7 11.6 11.7 11.7
Other OECD countries 26.2 26.8 26.5 26.2
Total OECD 71.4 70.9 70.4 69.6
Non-OECD Asia 16.8 16.9 17.6 18.4
Latin America 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.6
Other non-OECD countries 9.1 9.6 9.4 9.3
Total of non-OECD countries 28.6 29.1 29.6 30.4
B. Imports
Canada 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3
France 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.4
Germany 8.0 8.3 8.1 8.0
Italy 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.9
Japan 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4
United Kingdom 5.8 5.5 5.6 5.5
United States 18.1 17.1 17.0 16.8
Other OECD countries 25.2 25.8 25.5 25.4
Total OECD 73.8 73.6 72.7 71.7
Non-OECD Asia 15.5 15.7 16.4 17.3
Latin America 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3
Other non-OECD countries 8.2 8.5 8.6 8.8
Total of non-OECD countries 26.2 26.4 27.3 28.3
Note: Regional aggregates are calculated inclusive of intra-regional
trade.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 47. Trade balances for goods and services
$ billion, national accounts basis
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia -4.8 -2.1 -3.1 -7.7 -3.2
Austria 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.8
Belgium 2.9 2.3 3.8 3.9 4.0
Canada 3.6 5.0 3.8 0.2 0.8
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark -0.5 1.9 3.2 3.3 6.8
Finland 0.9 0.1 -0.8 -2.4 -2.3
France -1.6 -8.9 -8.2 -9.1 -12.1
Germany 45.9 54.8 59.5 59.2 90.9
Greece -2.8 -2.5 -3.7 -5.3 -8.3
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1
Ireland 0.3 1.4 2.3 2.1 2.2
Italy 8.3 3.6 0.6 -1.6 0.6
Japan 79.7 72.8 64.4 45.5 28.5
Korea 5.8 10.0 13.5 4.9 -2.9
Luxembourg 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.4
Mexico 5.2 10.8 2.5 -0.1 -2.9
Netherlands 4.9 4.2 6.9 6.3 11.0
New Zealand -0.4 0.2 1.5 0.2 0.1
Norway -2.6 -2.0 -0.5 3.6 7.7
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal -0.5 -2.0 -4.0 -3.1 -4.7
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 4.3 -0.4 -4.8 -13.6 -17.5
Sweden 4.5 3.3 3.3 1.3 1.2
Switzerland 1.8 1.7 0.6 -0.7 0.8
Turkey -1.6 -1.8 0.8 -1.6 -6.4
United Kingdom -4.7 -8.3 -30.4 -34.6 -25.2
United States -131.9 -142.3 -106.3 -80.7 -71.5
Earn area 63.6 52.9 52.2 37.6 66.0
European Union 62.9 49.8 28.3 7.6 48.9
Total OECD 17.8 1.9 5.6 -28.7 0.1
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia 1.1 -0.9 -1.5 -4.5 -5.2
Austria 1.2 1.4 0.8 -0.8 -1.9
Belgium 4.3 5.8 7.3 10.1 12.2
Canada -3.4 -2.2 0.0 6.7 18.9
Czech Republic .. .. -0.1 -1.1 -2.5
Denmark 7.9 9.7 9.4 8.1 7.4
Finland -1.1 1.0 4.1 5.8 10.2
France -5.7 8.1 19.3 18.3 22.7
Germany -3.9 -4.8 3.4 6.5 15.9
Greece -8.6 -8.2 -7.6 -6.3 -8.6
Hungary .. .. -3.0 -2.5 0.0
Iceland -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3
Ireland 2.4 4.1 5.3 5.4 7.6
Italy -0.2 -1.3 32.1 35.7 44.6
Japan 56.2 82.2 97.0 96.5 74.8
Korea -8.9 -4.7 0.2 -4.6 -7.2
Luxembourg 0.3 1.0 1.3 1.8 2.2
Mexico -9.1 -18.3 -15.8 -20.3 7.6
Netherlands 12.0 11.6 18.0 21.3 24.7
New Zealand 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.7
Norway 9.5 8.8 7.7 7.7 9.2
Poland .. .. 0.8 2.1 3.0
Portugal -5.8 -7.3 -6.0 -6.2 -6.7
Slovak Republic .. .. -0.6 0.7 0.3
Spain -17.8 -17.4 -4.0 -0.8 -1.0
Sweden 4.2 4.5 7.3 9.7 16.8
Switzerland 3.5 8.3 11.3 11.5 11.9
Turkey -4.1 -4.7 -10.2 0.5 -7.3
United Kingdom -10.9 -13.3 -9.8 -7.3 -5.6
United States -20.7 -27.9 -60.5 -87.1 -84.2
Earn area -23.1 -5.7 74.1 90.7 121.8
European Union -22.0 -4.8 81.1 101.3 140.3
Total OECD 3.3 36.5 107.7 108.3 160.6
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia -0.7 1.5 -6.5 -10.7 -4.3
Austria -2.6 -3.2 -1.2 -1.8 -1.2
Belgium 11.4 10.9 10.2 10.5 7.3
Canada 24.7 12.6 12.3 24.2 41.6
Czech Republic -3.7 -3.2 -0.7 -0.7 -1.7
Denmark 9.0 6.0 3.5 8.3 9.4
Finland 9.6 9.8 11.4 10.9 11.1
France 25.9 41.4 38.7 32.1 16.9
Germany 24.7 28.7 32.1 17.0 7.3
Greece -9.9 -8.9 -10.2 -10.7 -9.7
Hungary 0.2 0.4 -0.7 -1.3 -1.8
Iceland 0.0 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6
Ireland 8.5 10.1 9.7 12.8 12.3
Italy 60.8 47.4 40.6 24.4 10.7
Japan 23.4 47.4 72.4 69.4 68.4
Korea -21.2 -6.2 42.4 27.9 14.1
Luxembourg 2.1 2.4 2.8 3.3 4.1
Mexico 6.9 -0.4 -9.0 -7.8 -11.3
Netherlands 23.7 22.3 21.4 17.4 19.3
New Zealand 0.3 0.2 0.2 -0.5 0.6
Norway 14.3 13.1 2.8 11.8 28.8
Poland -2.2 -6.1 -8.3 -9.9 -10.9
Portugal -7.4 -8.2 -9.9 -11.9 -12.0
Slovak Republic -2.3 -2.0 -2.3 -0.9 -0.5
Spain 3.1 5.6 0.3 -7.4 -12.7
Sweden 17.8 17.9 15.6 15.5 13.5
Switzerland 12.4 12.4 13.1 13.8 12.6
Turkey -11.4 -11.0 -7.4 -6.3 -15.0
United Kingdom 0.0 1.7 -14.1 -25.8 -29.5
United States -89.0 -89.4 -151.7 -249.9 -365.5
Earn area 150.0 158.2 145.9 96.4 53.5
European Union 171.6 183.8 150.8 94.4 46.9
Total OECD 123.4 153.1 107.1 -46.9 -198.6
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 1.0 -6.1 -15.5 -15.8 -14.3
Austria 0.5 4.5 3.6 3.8 3.9
Belgium 7.6 9.1 11.8 12.6 14.2
Canada 40.9 32.0 36.9 39.6 39.9
Czech Republic -1.5 -1.7 -2.2 -2.0 -1.7
Denmark 10.3 10.3 14.9 17.1 18.8
Finland 10.1 11.3 12.0 13.0 14.5
France 21.7 30.1 19.5 21.0 24.6
Germany 36.9 85.9 95.9 116.6 131.3
Greece -8.6 -9.1 -11.5 -12.2 -12.2
Hungary -0.8 -1.5 -3.9 -3.9 -4.3
Iceland -0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3
Ireland 15.4 22.7 25.3 29.9 33.1
Italy 15.9 13.2 2.2 -0.6 -2.3
Japan 26.4 51.3 60.5 83.9 112.0
Korea 9.8 6.8 7.2 5.4 -1.8
Luxembourg 3.4 3.7 4.2 4.8 5.3
Mexico -14.1 -12.6 -11.7 -16.5 -20.7
Netherlands 20.1 21.5 27.9 32.1 32.7
New Zealand 1.6 0.9 0.0 -0.9 -0.9
Norway 29.2 27.2 28.4 29.2 30.3
Poland -6.8 -6.4 -7.9 -8.5 -9.7
Portugal -10.8 -9.2 -7.9 -6.8 -6.4
Slovak Republic -1.7 -1.7 -0.5 -0.7 -1.3
Spain -9.7 -9.7 -13.8 -19.3 -24.2
Sweden 13.2 14.5 17.5 20.4 23.1
Switzerland 13.3 18.0 20.1 17.6 18.0
Turkey 3.0 -3.1 -7.8 -8.9 -9.6
United Kingdom -39.8 -47.1 -57.7 -69.6 -75.9
United States -348.9 -423.6 -496.5 -526.5 -555.8
Earn area 102.8 174.1 169.1 194.9 214.5
European Union 86.5 151.8 143.9 162.8 180.4
Total OECD -161.7 -168.4 -249.4 -245.4 -240.0
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 48. Investment income, net
$ billion
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia -4.9 -5.8 -8.6 -10.4 -13.2
Austria -0.6 -0.8 -0.9 -0.9 -0.9
Belgium (a) 1.5 1.8 2.1 4.0 4.8
Canada -14.0 -17.1 -17.5 -20.5 -19.4
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark -3.5 -4.1 -3.7 -3.8 -5.1
Finland -1.3 -1.6 -1.7 -2.7 -3.7
France -1.7 -1.7 -1.0 -0.3 -1.6
Germany 5.3 5.2 9.4 14.3 20.6
Greece -1.5 -1.7 -1.8 -1.9 -2.0
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2
Ireland -2.6 -3.1 -3.9 -4.3 -5.0
Italy -4.2 -4.9 -5.5 -7.2 -14.6
Japan 9.3 16.3 20.6 22.9 22.7
Korea -2.3 -1.6 -1.3 -0.6 -0.1
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. ..
Mexico -7.5 -6.8 -7.3 -8.3 -8.7
Netherlands -0.2 1.4 1.2 2.9 -0.6
New Zealand -1.5 -2.0 -2.1 -1.9 -1.6
Norway -1.3 -1.4 -2.5 -2.8 -3.4
Poland (b) .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal -1.0 -0.8 -0.8 -0.6 -0.1
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain -1.8 -2.6 -3.3 -2.8 -3.5
Sweden -2.0 -1.6 -1.8 -2.3 -4.5
Switzerland 5.8 6.8 8.9 8.1 8.8
Turkey -1.9 -2.1 -2.5 -2.3 -2.5
United Kingdom 4.2 1.4 1.3 -1.2 -5.1
United States 15.5 14.3 18.7 19.8 28.5
Euro area -8.3 -8.7 -6.0 0.6 -6.7
European Union -9.6 -12.9 -10.2 -6.8 -21.4
Total OECD -12.5 -12.6 -4.0 -3.0 -10.6
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia -12.2 -10.1 -8.1 -12.4 -14.0
Austria -1.4 -1.4 -1.5 -1.7 -2.4
Belgium (a) 5.7 6.4 6.9 7.4 7.3
Canada -17.4 -17.5 -20.8 -18.9 -22.7
Czech Republic .. .. -0.1 0.0 -0.1
Denmark -5.1 -4.9 -3.8 -3.8 -3.8
Finland -4.7 -5.4 -4.9 -4.4 -4.4
France -3.3 -6.0 -6.6 -6.0 -8.4
Germany 20.3 21.8 16.6 2.9 0.1
Greece -2.0 -2.4 -1.6 -1.4 -1.8
Hungary .. .. -1.2 -1.4 0.1
Iceland -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2
Ireland -4.6 -5.6 -5.3 -5.4 -7.3
Italy -17.5 -22.0 -17.4 -16.9 -15.9
Japan 26.0 35.7 40.7 40.4 44.1
Korea -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -1.3
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. 1.6
Mexico -8.6 -9.6 -11.4 -13.0 -13.3
Netherlands 0.4 -1.0 0.9 3.7 7.3
New Zealand -2.5 -2.5 -2.9 -3.4 -4.0
Norway -4.0 -2.8 -2.8 -2.2 -1.9
Poland (b) .. .. -3.4 -2.6 -2.0
Portugal 0.2 0.6 0.2 -0.6 0.0
Slovak Republic .. .. 0.0 -0.1 0.0
Spain -4.3 -5.8 -3.6 -7.8 -4.1
Sweden -6.4 -10.0 -8.8 -5.9 -5.5
Switzerland 8.8 8.3 9.1 7.9 11.9
Turkey -2.7 -2.6 -2.7 -3.3 -3.2
United Kingdom -5.9 0.2 -0.3 5.1 3.3
United States 24.1 23.3 24.3 17.1 25.0
Euro area -11.2 -20.8 -16.2 -30.1 -28.0
European Union -28.6 -35.4 -29.1 -34.7 -34.0
Total OECD -17.3 -13.8 -9.0 -27.3 -15.6
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia -15.2 -13.8 -11.4 -11.6 -10.8
Austria -0.9 -1.5 -2.0 -2.9 -2.5
Belgium (a) 6.8 6.3 6.9 6.5 6.3
Canada -21.5 -20.9 -20.0 -22.6 -21.4
Czech Republic -0.7 -0.8 -1.1 -1.3 -1.4
Denmark -3.7 -3.4 -2.8 -2.5 -4.0
Finland -3.6 -2.4 -3.1 -2.0 -1.7
France -1.9 7.4 9.1 18.9 13.8
Germany 1.2 -1.5 -7.6 -10.3 -1.7
Greece -2.1 -1.7 -1.6 -0.7 -0.9
Hungary 0.0 -1.3 -1.8 -1.6 -1.4
Iceland -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3
Ireland -8.2 -9.7 -10.5 -13.7 -13.5
Italy -15.4 -10.1 -10.9 -11.2 -12.0
Japan 53.4 58.1 54.7 57.8 60.3
Korea -1.8 -2.5 -5.6 -5.2 -2.4
Luxembourg 1.3 0.5 0.2 -0.5 -1.3
Mexico -14.0 -12.8 -13.3 -12.9 -14.8
Netherlands 3.5 7.0 -2.7 3.6 -1.6
New Zealand -4.7 -4.9 -2.6 -3.1 -3.2
Norway -1.9 -1.7 -1.2 -1.9 -1.7
Poland (b) -1.1 -1.1 -1.2 -1.0 -1.5
Portugal -1.0 -1.5 -1.6 -1.8 -3.1
Slovak Republic 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4
Spain -6.1 -6.8 -7.5 -9.5 -8.3
Sweden -6.3 -4.9 -3.2 -2.0 -1.4
Switzerland 12.6 16.2 17.6 20.2 21.8
Turkey -2.9 -3.0 -3.0 -3.5 -4.0
United Kingdom 1.8 6.4 21.4 3.9 14.8
United States 24.5 20.7 6.9 17.1 19.6
Euro area -26.5 -14.0 -31.4 -23.5 -26.3
European Union -34.6 -16.0 -16.0 -24.1 -16.9
Total OECD -8.2 15.9 1.8 5.7 21.7
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia -10.2 -11.7 -14.3 -15.8 -15.5
Austria -3.1 -2.1 -2.7 -2.7 -2.7
Belgium (a) 5.6 6.7 9.2 9.6 10.3
Canada -24.1 -17.5 -20.9 -23.2 -22.1
Czech Republic -2.2 -3.8 -4.4 -5.2 -5.5
Denmark -3.0 -2.8 -3.4 -4.6 -5.4
Finland -1.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.6
France 14.8 12.0 12.5 12.6 12.8
Germany -6.4 1.0 -6.4 -5.5 -4.1
Greece -1.8 -2.0 -2.7 -2.4 -2.6
Hungary -1.3 -1.6 -1.8 -1.8 -1.8
Iceland -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2
Ireland -16.4 -24.5 -28.8 -32.8 -32.4
Italy -10.4 -14.8 -15.7 -14.3 -15.5
Japan 69.1 65.8 69.5 78.2 80.8
Korea -1.2 0.5 0.7 1.5 2.1
Luxembourg -1.6 -2.6 -3.2 -3.4 -3.6
Mexico -13.9 -12.3 -12.1 -12.8 -13.1
Netherlands -3.5 -8.8 -10.1 -5.7 -6.4
New Zealand -3.0 -3.2 -4.0 -3.8 -3.8
Norway -0.9 0.5 1.7 2.1 2.1
Poland (b) -1.4 -1.8 -1.3 -2.4 -2.5
Portugal -3.0 -3.1 -3.8 -4.2 -4.5
Slovak Republic -0.3 -0.5 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4
Spain -9.8 -9.8 -12.2 -12.9 -13.6
Sweden -1.4 -1.8 -2.6 -2.5 -2.3
Switzerland 14.8 11.7 14.3 15.5 17.1
Turkey -5.0 -4.5 -6.3 -6.7 -6.9
United Kingdom 23.3 32.1 28.2 21.0 22.0
United States 10.7 -4.0 6.6 5.7 -1.4
Euro area -36.6 -48.6 -64.2 -61.6 -61.7
European Union -17.7 -21.2 -42.0 -47.7 -47.4
Total OECD 13.1 -3.9 -14.7 -17.1 -18.7
Note: The classification of non-factor services and investment income
is affected by the change in reporting system to the International
Monetary Fund, Fifth Balance of Payments Manual.
(a) Including Luxembourg until 1994.
(b) Data in 1993 are OECD estimates.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 49. Total transfers, net
$ billion
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.3
Austria -0.0 -0.1 -0.0 -0.1 -0.0
Belgium (a) -0.9 -1.4 -1.7 -1.8 -2.0
Canada -0.3 -0.9 -0.9 -1.0 -0.8
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark -0.3 -0.2 -1.0 -1.2 -1.2
Finland -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.7 -1.0
France -4.6 -5.4 -6.7 -7.7 -9.8
Germany -12.7 -16.5 -18.7 -18.5 -21.9
Greece 2.4 3.0 3.6 4.0 4.7
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.0 -0.0
Ireland 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.4
Italy -1.8 -1.3 -2.3 -3.9 -4.0
Japan -1.7 -3.2 -3.4 -3.1 -4.8
Korea 1.4 1.8 2.3 1.1 1.1
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. ..
Mexico 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.6 3.8
Netherlands -1.7 -2.0 -1.9 -1.9 -2.9
New Zealand 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Norway -0.8 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -1.2
Poland (b) .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal (c) 2.9 3.8 4.3 4.6 5.5
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 1.1 2.6 4.5 4.6 2.7
Sweden -1.2 -1.3 -1.4 -1.8 -1.9
Switzerland -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6
Turkey 1.9 2.4 2.2 3.5 4.5
United Kingdom -3.0 -5.9 -6.3 -7.3 -8.8
United States -24.1 -23.3 -25.3 -26.2 -26.7
Euro area -14.3 -16.3 -17.9 -20.0 -26.2
European Union -18.8 -23.7 -26.7 -30.3 -38.0
Total OECD -39.8 -44.8 -49.1 -52.8 -60.1
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8
Austria -0.1 -1.0 -1.0 -1.1 -1.7
Belgium (a) -2.1 -2.5 -2.6 -3.3 -4.2
Canada -1.1 -0.9 -0.6 -0.3 -0.1
Czech Republic .. .. 0.1 0.1 0.6
Denmark -1.6 -1.7 -1.7 -2.0 -2.4
Finland -1.0 -0.8 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4
France -9.3 -11.1 -8.2 -11.5 -5.9
Germany -35.4 -32.8 -33.3 -36.8 -38.7
Greece 6.2 6.5 6.5 6.9 8.0
Hungary .. .. 0.8 0.9 0.2
Iceland -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0
Ireland 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.8
Italy -7.6 -7.8 -7.3 -7.2 -4.2
Japan -12.0 -3.8 -5.1 -6.1 -7.7
Korea 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.2
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. -0.6
Mexico 3.0 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0
Netherlands -4.1 -4.3 -4.5 -5.3 -6.4
New Zealand 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3
Norway -1.2 -1.5 -1.3 -1.7 -2.1
Poland (b) .. .. 0.9 1.3 1.0
Portugal (c) 6.0 7.8 6.7 5.4 7.2
Slovak Republic .. .. 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spain 2.7 2.1 1.3 1.3 4.7
Sweden -2.0 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -2.6
Switzerland -0.6 -0.7 -0.7 -0.9 -1.1
Turkey 5.1 4.1 3.8 3.1 4.5
United Kingdom -2.2 -9.9 -7.9 -8.2 -11.9
United States 10.7 -33.2 -37.1 -37.6 -35.2
Euro area -42.2 -41.8 -41.0 -50.2 -40.5
European Union -48.0 -54.8 -51.9 -61.7 -57.4
Total OECD -41.3 -84.6 -84.6 -95.8 -90.9
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.9
Austria -1.8 -1.7 -1.9 -2.0 -1.3
Belgium (a) -4.1 -3.7 -4.3 -4.6 -3.9
Canada 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8
Czech Republic 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4
Denmark -2.6 -1.8 -2.3 -2.7 -3.0
Finland -0.9 -0.7 -1.0 -1.0 -0.7
France -7.4 -12.8 -12.8 -13.7 -13.3
Germany -33.9 -30.5 -30.3 -26.7 -26.2
Greece 8.0 8.3 8.0 6.6 5.6
Hungary 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3
Iceland -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 0.0
Ireland 2.2 2.0 1.5 1.3 0.9
Italy -6.6 -4.2 -7.4 -5.4 -4.3
Japan -9.0 -8.9 -8.8 -12.1 -9.8
Korea 0.0 0.7 3.4 1.9 0.7
Luxembourg -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.5
Mexico 4.4 5.3 6.0 6.3 7.1
Netherlands -6.8 -6.1 -7.2 -6.4 -6.3
New Zealand 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
Norway -1.5 -1.4 -1.5 -1.4 -1.4
Poland (b) 1.7 2.0 2.9 2.2 2.4
Portugal (c) 4.4 3.8 4.1 3.9 3.4
Slovak Republic 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1
Spain 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.0 1.4
Sweden -2.0 -2.4 -2.6 -2.7 -2.6
Switzerland -1.0 -0.8 -0.9 -1.0 -0.7
Turkey 4.4 4.9 5.7 5.2 5.2
United Kingdom -7.4 -9.7 -13.6 -11.9 -14.7
United States -38.9 -41.3 -48.4 -46.8 -55.7
Euro area -45.0 -43.3 -48.4 -45.6 -45.0
European Union -57.1 -57.2 -66.9 -63.0 -65.3
Total OECD -93.4 -93.6 -105.3 -105.1 -113.8
2001 2002 2103 2004 2005
Australia 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8
Austria -1.2 -1.6 -1.5 -1.8 -1.9
Belgium (a) -3.9 -4.2 -5.7 -4.7 -4.7
Canada 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.1
Czech Republic 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9
Denmark -2.4 -2.6 -3.3 -3.8 -4.2
Finland -0.7 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -0.9
France -14.6 -13.3 -13.4 -13.2 -13.2
Germany -24.6 -25.0 -32.6 -33.6 -34.9
Greece 5.7 5.0 6.1 5.8 5.9
Hungary 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7
Iceland 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ireland 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3
Italy -5.8 -5.4 -3.5 -4.3 -4.5
Japan -7.9 -4.9 -8.9 -9.0 -9.0
Korea -0.2 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 -1.2
Luxembourg -0.5 -0.7 -0.3 -0.6 -0.6
Mexico 9.2 10.3 11.2 11.5 12.0
Netherlands -6.7 -6.4 -7.3 -8.4 -9.3
New Zealand 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
Norway -1.7 -2.4 -2.3 -2.7 -2.4
Poland (b) 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9
Portugal (c) 3.4 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.4
Slovak Republic 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Spain 1.6 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.6
Sweden -2.5 -2.9 -3.9 -4.1 -4.3
Switzerland -4.0 -4.2 -4.9 -5.0 -5.3
Turkey 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.8
United Kingdom -9.5 -13.2 -18.3 -18.4 -19.3
United States -46.6 -58.9 -61.7 -55.0 -55.0
Euro area -47.0 -45.6 -52.2 -54.5 -56.7
European Union -61.4 -64.3 -77.6 -80.9 -84.5
Total OECD -102.1 -114.8 -134.7 -130.5 -133.7
(a) Including Luxembourg until 1994.
(b) Data in 1993 are OECD estimates.
(c) Break between 1995 and 1996, reflecting change in methodology to the
International Monetary Fund, Fifth Balance of Payments Manual (capital
transfers from European Union are excluded from the current account as
from 1996).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 50. Current account balances
$ billion
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia -8.4 -6.7 -10.0 -16.3 -14.0
Austria 0.3 -0.2 -0.3 0.3 1.2
Belgium (a) 4.4 4.1 5.2 5.1 6.2
Canada -11.2 -13.5 -14.9 -21.8 -19.8
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark -4.5 -3.0 -1.6 -1.7 0.6
Finland -0.7 -1.7 -2.7 -5.8 -7.0
France 2.4 -4.5 -4.6 -4.6 -9.8
Germany 38.7 43.8 50.7 55.4 44.6
Greece -2.1 -1.7 -1.5 -3.3 -4.7
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1
Ireland -0.9 -1.1 0.0 -0.6 -0.4
Italy 2.2 -2.5 -7.0 -11.2 -16.8
Japan 85.4 84.1 79.2 63.3 44.1
Korea 4.7 10.0 14.5 5.3 -2.0
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. ..
Mexico -1.3 4.3 -2.3 -5.7 -7.6
Netherlands 4.3 4.2 7.1 9.4 8.1
New Zealand -1.8 -1.7 -0.4 -1.6 -1.4
Norway -4.7 -4.4 -4.0 -0.1 3.1
Poland (b) .. .. .. ..
Portugal (c) 1.2 0.4 -1.0 0.2 -0.2
Slovak Republic .. .. .. ..
Spain 3.9 -0.2 -3.7 -10.9 -18.1
Sweden 0.0 0.0 -0.6 -3.1 -6.3
Switzerland 7.0 7.6 9.1 7.1 8.8
Turkey -1.5 -0.8 1.6 0.9 -2.6
United Kingdom -3.4 -12.7 -35.3 -43.0 -39.0
United States -147.2 -160.7 -121.2 -99.5 -79.0
Euro area 53.5 41.4 42.2 33.9 3.2
European Union 45.7 25.8 4.7 -13.9 -41.5
Total OECD -33.2 -56.2 -43.8 -82.4 -112.0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia -9.2 -9.5 -8.1 -15.2 -17.4
Austria 0.0 -0.7 -1.4 -3.3 -6.2
Belgium (a) 7.2 9.9 13.0 14.2 15.3
Canada -22.4 -21.1 -21.7 -13.0 -4.4
Czech Republic .. .. 0.5 -0.8 -1.4
Denmark 1.2 3.1 3.9 2.3 1.2
Finland -6.8 -5.1 -1.1 1.1 5.4
France -5.7 4.8 9.6 7.4 11.0
Germany -22.0 -19.0 -13.9 -29.3 -27.0
Greece -2.6 -3.6 -1.9 -1.4 -4.5
Hungary .. .. -3.5 -4.0 0.3
Iceland -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1
Ireland 0.3 0.6 1.8 1.5 1.7
Italy -24.3 -30.2 7.9 12.5 25.0
Japan 68.3 112.6 131.9 130.4 111.1
Korea -8.3 -4.0 1.0 -3.9 -8.5
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. 2.5
Mexico -14.5 -24.4 -23.4 -29.6 -1.5
Netherlands 7.5 6.8 13.2 17.3 25.8
New Zealand -1.1 -1.6 -1.7 -2.0 -3.1
Norway 4.3 4.4 3.6 3.8 5.2
Poland (b) .. .. -4.6 1.0 0.9
Portugal (c) -0.7 -0.3 0.3 -2.3 -0.2
Slovak Republic .. .. -0.6 0.8 0.5
Spain -19.9 -21.6 -5.7 -6.4 0.8
Sweden -4.7 -7.4 -2.7 2.4 8.5
Switzerland 10.7 15.3 19.2 17.3 21.3
Turkey 0.3 -I.0 -6.4 2.6 -2.3
United Kingdom -19.0 -22.9 -17.9 -10.3 -14.2
United States 3.7 -48.0 -82.0 -117.7 -105.2
Euro area -67.0 0.0 21.9 11.5 49.7
European Union -89.5 -85.6 5.2 5.9 45.1
Total OECD -58.0 -62.9 9.5 -24.4 40.8
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia -14.0 -10.7 -16.5 -20.6 -13.2
Austria -5.4 -6.5 -5.2 -6.7 -5.0
Belgium (a) 13.8 13.8 13.3 12.8 9.4
Canada 3.4 -8.2 -7.7 1.7 20.6
Czech Republic -4.1 -3.6 -1.3 -1.5 -2.7
Denmark 2.7 0.7 -1.6 3.1 2.3
Finland 5.1 6.8 7.3 7.7 9.1
France 20.8 37.8 39.3 41.3 17.2
Germany -13.7 -9.4 -12.3 -25.0 -25.3
Greece -6.4 -5.3 -3.7 -5.3 -7.7
Hungary 0.3 -0.7 -2.2 -2.4 -2.9
Iceland -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 -0.6 -0.9
Ireland 2.0 1.9 0.7 0.3 -0.3
Italy 39.1 33.7 23.0 8.1 -5.8
Japan 65.8 96.8 119.0 114.8 119.5
Korea -22.8 -9.4 39.8 24.5 12.2
Luxembourg 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.7
Mexico -2.5 -7.5 -16.1 -13.9 -17.8
Netherlands 21.5 25.1 13.0 15.7 8.1
New Zealand -3.9 -4.4 -2.2 -3.0 -2.5
Norway 11.0 10.0 0.0 8.4 24.8
Poland (b) -3.3 -5.7 -6.9 -12.5 -10.0
Portugal (c) -4.2 -6.1 -7.8 -9.7 -11.6
Slovak Republic -2.0 -1.8 -2.0 -1.0 -0.7
Spain 0.4 2.5 -3.0 -13.9 -19.4
Sweden 9.7 10.3 9.7 10.7 9.4
Switzerland 22.0 25.5 25.9 30.3 31.6
Turkey -2.4 -2.6 2.0 -1.3 -9.8
United Kingdom -10.9 -1.6 -6.3 -33.8 -29.3
United States -117.2 -127.7 -204.7 -290.8 -411.5
Euro area 75.3 96.2 661.2 27.0 -28.7
European Union 76.8 105.6 68.0 6.9 -46.3
Total OECD 6.7 55.4 -5.5 -161.5 -309.3
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia -7.1 -16.2 -29.1 -30.6 -28.9
Austria -3.7 0.8 -0.6 -0.6 -0.7
Belgium (a) 9.2 11.5 15.3 17.5 19.8
Canada 17.4 14.9 16.6 17.9 19.4
Czech Republic -3.3 -4.6 -5.9 -6.3 -6.4
Denmark 4.9 4.4 7.9 7.8 8.3
Finland 8.7 10.1 11.6 12.8 14.7
France 21.2 28.4 16.3 18.1 22.0
Germany 3.8 54.9 49.3 70.0 84.8
Greece -7.2 -8.7 -11.2 -11.9 -11.9
Hungary -1.7 -2.7 -4.9 -4.9 -5.3
Iceland -0.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5
Ireland -0.7 -1.0 -2.5 -2.4 1.0
Italy -0.7 -7.2 -17.5 -19.2 -22.3
Japan 87.7 112.5 122.9 155.0 185.6
Korea 8.3 6.0 8.0 7.0 0.2
Luxembourg 1.8 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.4
Mexico -18.2 -13.9 -11.4 -16.3 -20.4
Netherlands 7.8 5.8 9.6 17.0 16.1
New Zealand -1.3 -2.2 -3.9 -4.4 -4.5
Norway 25.9 25.1 27.9 28.7 30.0
Poland (b) -5.4 -5.4 -6.3 -8.0 -9.4
Portugal (c) -10.4 -8.7 -7.3 -6.2 -6.0
Slovak Republic -1.7 -1.9 -0.7 -1.0 -1.6
Spain -16.4 -15.8 -29.5 -35.9 -41.5
Sweden 8.5 9.9 11.1 13.8 16.5
Switzerland 21.8 24.8 28.6 27.3 28.9
Turkey 3.4 -1.5 -7.6 -9.0 -9.7
United Kingdom -25.9 -28.2 -47.7 -67.0 -73.2
United States -393.7 -480.9 -548.6 -575.8 -612.2
Euro area 13.3 71.4 35.5 61.3 78.4
European Union 0.8 57.4 6.7 15.8 30.0
Total OECD -267.4 -288.4 -408.2 -405.2 -19.2
Note: The balance-of-payments data in this table are based on
the concepts and definition of the International Monetary Fund,
high Balance of Payments Manual.
(a) Including Luxembourg until 1994.
(b) Data in 1993 are OECD estimates.
(c) Break between 1995 and 1996, reflecting change in methodology
to the International Monetary Fund, Fifth Balance of Payments
Manual (capital transfers from European Union are excluded
from the current account as from 1996).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 51. Current account balances as a percentage of GDP
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Australia -4.9 -3.3 -3.8 -5.6 -4.6
Austria 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.7
Belgium (a) 3.8 2.8 3.3 3.2 3.1
Canada -3.0 -3.2 -3.0 -3.9 -3.4
Czech Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Denmark -5.3 -2.8 -1.4 -1.6 0.4
Finland -1.0 -1.9 -2.6 -5.0 -5.1
France 0.3 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.8
Germany 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.6 2.9
Greece -4.4 -3.1 -2.3 -4.9 -5.6
Hungary .. .. .. .. ..
Iceland 0.5 -3.3 -3.7 -1.9 -2.1
Ireland -3.1 -0.2 0.0 -1.5 -0.8
Italy 0.3 -0.3 -0.8 -1.3 -1.5
Japan 4.2 3.4 2.7 2.1 1.5
Korea 4.4 7.5 8.0 2.4 -0.8
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. ..
Mexico -0.7 2.8 -1.3 -2.6 -2.9
Netherlands 2.4 1.8 2.9 3.9 2.7
New Zealand -6.3 -4.8 -0.9 -3.7 -3.1
Norway -6.2 -4.8 -4.1 -0.1 2.1
Poland .. .. .. .. ..
Portugal (c) 3.3 1.0 -2.0 0.3 -0.3
Slovak Republic .. .. .. .. ..
Spain 1.6 0.0 -1.0 -2.8 -3.5
Sweden 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -1.5 -2.5
Switzerland 5.0 4.4 4.9 3.9 3.8
Turkey -1.8 -0.9 2.1 0.9 -1.7
United Kingdom -0.6 -1.8 -4.2 -5.1 -4.0
United States -3.3 -3.4 -2.4 -1.8 -1.4
Euro area 1.7 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.1
European Union 1.2 0.5 0.1 -0.3 -0.6
Total OECD -0.3 -0.4 -0.3 -0.5 -0.6
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Australia -3.0 -3.1 -2.7 -4.5 -4.8
Austria 0.0 -0.4 -0.8 -1.6 -2.6
Belgium (a) 3.6 4.4 6.0 6.0 5.6
Canada -3.7 -3.6 -3.9 -2.3 -0.8
Czech Republic .. .. 1.3 -1.9 -2.6
Denmark 0.9 2.1 2.8 1.5 0.7
Finland -5.4 -4.7 -1.3 1.1 4.1
France -0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.7
Germany -1.2 -1.0 -0.7 -1.4 -1.1
Greece -2.8 -3.5 -2.1 -1.4 -3.8
Hungary .. .. -8.9 -9.5 1.0
Iceland -4.1 -2.4 0.7 2.0 0.8
Ireland 0.7 1.0 3.7 2.7 2.6
Italy -2.1 -2.4 0.8 1.2 2.3
Japan 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.1
Korea -2.8 -1.2 0.3 -1.0 -1.7
Luxembourg .. .. .. .. 13.9
Mexico -4.6 -6.7 -5.8 -7.0 -0.5
Netherlands 2.4 2.1 4.1 5.0 6.2
New Zealand -2.7 -4.1 -3.8 -3.9 -5.1
Norway 3.7 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.5
Poland .. .. -5.2 1.0 0.7
Portugal (c) -0.8 -0.2 0.4 -2.4 -0.1
Slovak Republic .. .. -4.7 4.9 2.7
Spain -3.6 -3.6 -1.1 -1.3 0.1
Sweden -1.8 -2.8 -1.3 1.1 3.4
Switzerland 4.6 6.3 8.1 6.6 6.9
Turkey 0.2 -0.6 -3.5 2.7 -1.6
United Kingdom -1.8 -2.1 -1.9 -1.0 -1.3
United States 0.1 -0.8 -1.2 -1.7 -1.4
Euro area -1.2 -0.9 0.4 0.2 0.7
European Union -1.2 -1.1 0.1 0.1 0.5
Total OECD -0.3 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.2
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Australia -3.5 -2.7 -4.5 -5.3 -3.4
Austria -2.3 -3.2 -2.5 -3.2 -2.6
Belgium (a) 5.1 5.6 5.3 5.1 4.1
Canada 0.5 -1.3 -1.2 0.3 2.9
Czech Republic -7.1 -6.7 -2.2 -2.7 -5.3
Denmark 1.5 0.4 -0.9 1.7 1.5
Finland 4.0 5.6 5.6 6.1 7.6
France 1.3 2.7 2.7 2.9 1.3
Germany -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -1.2 -1.4
Greece -5.1 -4.4 -3.1 -4.3 -6.9
Hungary 0.6 -1.4 -4.7 -5.1 -6.2
Iceland -1.8 -1.7 -6.9 -7.0 -10.3
Ireland 2.8 2.4 0.8 0.3 -0.4
Italy 3.2 2.9 1.9 0.7 -0.6
Japan 1.4 2.2 3.0 2.6 2.5
Korea -4.4 -1.6 12.7 6.0 2.7
Luxembourg 12.7 11.0 9.4 8.9 13.7
Mexico -0.8 -1.9 -3.8 -2.9 -3.1
Netherlands 5.2 6.6 3.3 3.9 2.2
New Zealand -5.9 -6.5 -4.0 -6.2 -4.8
Norway 6.9 6.3 0.0 5.3 15.0
Poland -2.3 -4.0 -4.4 -8.1 -6.1
Portugal (c) -3.8 -5.7 -6.9 -8.5 -10.9
Slovak Republic -9.6 -8.5 -9.0 -4.9 -3.7
Spain 0.1 0.5 -0.5 -2.3 -3.4
Sweden 3.6 4.2 3.9 4.2 3.9
Switzerland 7.4 9.9 9.9 11.7 13.1
Turkey -1.3 -1.3 1.2 -1.0 -4.9
United Kingdom -0.9 -0.1 -0.4 -2.3 -2.1
United States -1.5 -1.5 -2.3 -3.1 -4.2
Euro area 1.1 1.5 1.0 0.4 -0.5
European Union 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.1 -0.6
Total OECD 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.6 -1.2
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia -2.0 -4.0 -5.8 -5.3 -4.7
Austria -2.0 0.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3
Belgium (a) 4.0 4.7 5.1 5.5 6.0
Canada 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9
Czech Republic -5.7 -6.5 -6.9 -6.9 -6.7
Denmark 3.1 2.5 3.7 3.5 3.5
Finland 7.2 7.6 7.3 7.6 8.2
France 1.6 2.0 0.9 1.0 1.2
Germany 0.2 2.7 2.1 2.8 3.3
Greece -6.2 -6.4 -6.5 -6.3 -5.9
Hungary -3.4 -3.9 -6.0 -5.5 -5.5
Iceland -4.0 -0.1 -3.3 -3.4 -4.4
Ireland -0.7 -0.7 -1.7 -1.4 0.5
Italy -0.1 -0.6 -1.2 -1.2 -1.4
Japan 2.1 2.8 2.9 3.6 4.3
Korea 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.0
Luxembourg 9.0 7.2 7.6 7.6 8.3
Mexico -2.9 -2.2 -1.9 -2.5 -3.0
Netherlands 2.0 1.4 1.9 3.2 2.9
New Zealand -2.6 -3.7 -5.2 -5.2 -5.0
Norway 15.3 13.2 12.7 12.4 12.3
Poland -2.9 -2.8 -3.1 -3.9 -4.3
Portugal (c) -9.4 -7.1 -4.9 -4.0 -3.7
Slovak Republic -8.5 -8.1 -2.2 -2.8 -4.0
Spain -2.8 -2.4 -3.6 -4.0 -4.3
Sweden 3.9 4.1 3.7 4.3 4.9
Switzerland 8.9 9.3 9.4 8.9 9.2
Turkey 2.5 -0.8 -3.2 -3.4 -3.3
United Kingdom -1.8 -1.8 -2.7 -3.5 -3.6
United States -3.9 -4.6 -5.0 -5.0 -5.1
Euro area 0.2 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.9
European Union 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.3
Total OECD -1.1 -1.1 -1.4 -1.3 -1.3
(a) Including Luxembourg until 1994.
(b) Data in 1993 are OECD estimates.
(c) Break between 1995 and 1996, reflecting change in methodology to
the International Monetary Fund, Fifth Balance of Payments Manual
(capital transfers from European Union are excluded from the current
account as from 1996).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 52. Structure of current account balances of
major world regions
$ billion
1990 1991 1992 1993
Goods and services trade balance (a)
OECD 0 3 37 108
Non-OECD of which: 15 -27 -34 -62
Non-OECD Asia of which: 6 10 3 -19
China 11 12 5 -11
Dynamic Asia (b) 9 9 10 5
Other Asia -14 -11 -12 -12
Latin America 26 13 3 -6
Africa & Middle-East 2 -49 -36 -34
Central & East Europe -20 -1 -4 -3
World (c) 15 -24 2 46
Investment income, net
OECD -11 -17 -14 -9
Non-OECD of which: -38 -34 -39 -45
Non-OECD Asia of which: -7 -9 -9 -11
China 1 1 0 -1
Dynamic Asia (b) -3 -4 -4 -4
Other Asia -5 -6 -6 -6
Latin America -26 -23 -21 -23
Africa & Middle-East -0 2 -2 -5
Central & East Europe -5 -3 -6 -5
World (c) -49 -51 -52 -54
Total transfers, net
OECD -60 -41 -85 -85
Non-OECD of which: 11 -1 33 34
Non-OECD Asia of which: 7 11 12 17
China 0 1 1 1
Dynamic Asia (b) 0 1 1 6
Other Asia 7 9 10 11
Latin America 5 7 8 7
Africa & Middle-East -5 -25 7 4
Central & East Europe 3 7 5 5
World (c) -50 -42 0 -51
Current account balance
OECD -112 -58 -63 9
Non-OECD of which: -13 -62 -40 -73
Non-OECD Asia of which: 6 11 6 -13
China 12 13 6 -12
Dynamic Asia (b) 6 6 7 6
Other Asia -12 -7 -8 -8
Latin America 5 -3 -10 -22
Africa & Middle-East -3 -73 -31 -36
Central & East Europe -21 3 -4 -3
World (c) -125 -120 -103 -64
1994 1995 1996 1997
Goods and services trade balance (a)
OECD 108 161 123 153
Non-OECD of which: -25 -64 -26 -17
Non-OECD Asia of which: -12 -31 -20 18
China 8 12 18 43
Dynamic Asia (b) -3 -19 -8 0
Other Asia -16 -24 -29 -25
Latin America -7 -19 -17 -33
Africa & Middle-East -11 -14 8 5
Central & East Europe 6 1 2 -7
World (c) 84 97 97 136
Investment income, net
OECD -27 -16 -8 16
Non-OECD of which: -44 -58 -67 -70
Non-OECD Asia of which: -9 -20 -22 -19
China -1 -12 -12 -11
Dynamic Asia (b) -3 -2 -4 -1
Other Asia -6 -6 -6 -7
Latin America -24 -28 -29 -34
Africa & Middle-East -8 -6 -8 -6
Central & East Europe -2 -5 -7 -11
World (c) -71 -74 -75 -54
Total transfers, net
OECD -96 -91 -93 -94
Non-OECD of which: 32 37 42 47
Non-OECD Asia of which: 22 22 26 31
China 0 1 2 5
Dynamic Asia (b) 7 5 5 2
Other Asia 15 16 19 23
Latin America 9 11 10 10
Africa & Middle-East -1 -0 2 3
Central & East Europe 3 4 4 4
World (c) -63 -54 -51 -46
Current account balance
OECD -24 41 7 55
Non-OECD of which: -36 -85 -51 -39
Non-OECD Asia of which: 1 -29 -16 29
China 7 2 7 37
Dynamic Asia (b) 1 -16 -7 1
Other Asia -7 -14 -16 -9
Latin America -22 -36 -36 -57
Africa & Middle-East -21 -20 2 2
Central & East Europe 6 -0 -0 -13
World (c) -60 -44 -44 16
1998 1999 2000 2001
Goods and services trade balance (a)
OECD 107 -47 -199 -162
Non-OECD of which: -15 105 213 159
Non-OECD Asia of which: 78 90 75 80
China 44 31 29 28
Dynamic Asia (b) 59 79 68 68
Other Asia -24 -20 -23 -16
Latin America -45 -14 -3 -7
Africa & Middle-East -43 6 93 55
Central & East Europe -4 24 48 30
World (c) 92 58 14 -3
Investment income, net
OECD 2 6 22 13
Non-OECD of which: -78 -81 -91 -87
Non-OECD Asia of which: -25 -24 -28 -26
China -17 -14 -15 -19
Dynamic Asia (b) -1 -3 -6 0
Other Asia -8 -7 -8 -7
Latin America -37 -39 -39 -41
Africa & Middle-East -3 -8 -13 -12
Central & East Europe -14 -10 -11 -8
World (c) -77 -75 -69 -74
Total transfers, net
OECD -105 -105 -114 -102
Non-OECD of which: 40 45 51 55
Non-OECD Asia of which: 23 27 32 34
China 4 5 6 8
Dynamic Asia (b) -0 1 2 1
Other Asia 19 22 24 24
Latin America 11 13 13 14
Africa & Middle-East 2 1 -0 1
Central & East Europe 4 5 6 6
World (c) -66 -60 -63 -47
Current account balance
OECD -6 -161 -309 -267
Non-OECD of which: -53 69 172 127
Non-OECD Asia of which: 76 93 78 87
China 31 21 21 17
Dynamic Asia (b) 58 77 64 69
Other Asia -13 -6 -6 1
Latin America -72 -41 -28 -33
Africa & Middle-East -44 -1 79 44
Central & East Europe -14 18 43 28
World (c) -59 -92 -137 -141
2002 2003 2004 2005
Goods and services trade balance (a)
OECD -168 -249 -245 -240
Non-OECD of which: 202 236 229 215
Non-OECD Asia of which: 108 106 117 117
China 37 18 6 14
Dynamic Asia (b) 88 105 122 107
Other Asia -17 -16 -11 -3
Latin America 22 33 37 37
Africa & Middle-East 43 66 54 48
Central & East Europe 28 31 21 12
World (c) 34 -13 -16 -25
Investment income, net
OECD -4 -15 -17 -19
Non-OECD of which: -83 -84 -88 -86
Non-OECD Asia of which: -23 -22 -21 -20
China -15 -14 -13 -14
Dynamic Asia (b) -t -1 -0 2
Other Asia -7 -7 -8 -8
Latin America -38 -39 -43 -43
Africa & Middle-East -12 -13 -13 -13
Central & East Europe -10 -10 -11 -10
World (c) -87 -99 -105 -105
Total transfers, net
OECD -115 -135 -130 -134
Non-OECD of which: 62 64 68 71
Non-OECD Asia of which: 37 38 41 41
China 13 13 16 16
Dynamic Asia (b) 1 1 1 1
Other Asia 24 24 24 24
Latin America 17 18 19 21
Africa & Middle-East 0 0 0 0
Central & East Europe 8 8 9 9
World (c) -53 -71 -62 -62
Current account balance
OECD -288 -408 -405 -405
Non-OECD of which: 181 216 210 200
Non-OECD Asia of which: 123 122 137 139
China 35 17 9 17
Dynamic Asia (b) 89 104 123 109
Other Asia -1 0 6 13
Latin America 1 12 12 15
Africa & Middle-East 32 53 41 35
Central & East Europe 26 28 19 11
World (c) -107 -193 -196 -205
Note: Historical data for the OECD area are aggregates of reported
balance-of-payments data of each individual country. Because of various
statistical problems as well as a large number of non-reporters among
non-OECD countries, trade and current account balances estimated on
the basis of these countries' own balance-of-payments records may
differ from corresponding estimates shown in this table.
(a) National accounts basis for OECD countries and balance-of-payments
basis for the non-OECD regions.
(h) Dynamic Asia includes Chinese Taipei; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Philippines; Singapore and Thailand.
(c) Reflects statistical errors and asymmetries. Given the very large
gross flows of world balance-of-payments transactions, statistical
errors and asymmetries easily give rise to world totals (balances) that
are significantly different from zero.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 53. Quarterly demand and output projections
Percentage changes from previous period, seasonally adjusted at annual
rates, volume
2004
2003 2004 2005 Q2 Q3 Q4
Private consumption
Canada 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1
France 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.1
Germany 0.7 1.2 2.2 1.6 1.8 1.8
Italy 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2
Japan 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2
United Kingdom 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1
United States 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3
Euro area 1.4 1.7 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.2
European Union 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.2
Total OECD 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.6
Public consumption
Canada 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2
France 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6
Germany 0.8 0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4
Italy 1.3 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Japan 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5
United Kingdom 3.4 1.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4
United States 3.7 2.9 2.5 2.9 3.3 2.1
Euro area 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0
European Union 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1
Total OECD 2.5 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.7
Business investment
Canada 1.3 5.7 7.0 8.0 7.8 7.5
France -2.2 2.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5
Germany -1.7 3.2 5.5 9.6 9.8 9.4
Italy -4.8 1.4 4.1 3.2 3.7 4.0
Japan 10.3 3.5 1.5 3.0 1.5 1.0
United Kingdom 1.5 2.7 4.5 2.4 2.8 3.2
United States 2.3 9.7 7.9 9.8 9.8 12.2
Euro area -2.1 2.7 5.1 5.0 5.6 5.7
European Union -1.4 2.7 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5
Total OECD 2.1 5.7 5.7 6.6 6.6 7.4
Total investment
Canada 3.3 4.9 4.6 5.9 5.4 4.7
France -1.1 1.6 3.7 2.6 3.6 3.7
Germany -2.1 1.4 3.2 2.7 3.0 3.2
Italy -2.1 2.3 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.7
Japan 4.4 0.2 0.0 -1.4 -1.4 -0.2
United Kingdom 2.9 4.9 6.4 5.2 5.4 5.6
United States 3.7 7.2 5.3 6.5 6.4 7.7
Euro area -1.0 2.3 3.9 3.1 3.5 3.5
European Union -0.5 2.7 4.3 3.5 3.9 3.9
Total OECD 2.2 4.3 4.4 3.9 4.2 5.2
Total domestic demand
Canada 4.1 3.1 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.4
France 1.1 1.7 2.4 1.9 2.2 2.3
Germany 0.8 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.8
Italy 1.7 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.3
Japan 2.3 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0
United Kingdom 2.4 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9
United States 3.1 4.3 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.1
Euro area 1.2 1.8 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.2
European Union 1.4 2.0 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.3
Total OECD 2.4 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.2
Export of goods and
services
Canada -1.8 5.0 6.6 7.0 7.1 6.8
France -2.2 4.6 7.1 6.6 6.7 6.9
Germany 0.3 4.6 7.2 6.2 6.6 7.0
Italy -2.6 4.9 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.6
Japan 7.5 9.5 9.8 10.5 10.0 9.8
United Kingdom -0.9 6.5 8.0 8.2 8.5 8.2
United States 1.4 8.5 8.7 9.3 9.5 9.2
Total OECD (b) 2.1 7.3 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.4
Import of goods and
services
Canada 3.8 6.2 7.3 8.2 8.2 7.7
France 1.2 5.0 7.2 6.2 7.0 7.0
Germany 2.9 4.4 7.1 6.4 6.7 7.0
Italy 1.6 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9
Japan 4.5 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.0
United Kingdom 1.1 7.0 8.0 8.4 8.0 7.7
United States 3.6 7.3 7.1 7.8 7.5 7.5
Total OECD (b) 3.6 6.5 7.1 7.4 7.3 7.3
GDP
Canada 1.8 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2
France 0.1 1.7 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.3
Germany 0.0 1.4 2.3 1.6 1.9 2.0
Italy 0.5 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2
Japan 2.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.7
United Kingdom 1.9 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8
United States 2.9 4.2 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.1
Euro area 0.5 1.8 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.3
European Union 0.7 1.9 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.4
Total OECD 2.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.3
Fourth quarter
2005 (a)
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2003 2004
Private consumption
Canada 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.1
France 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 1.4 1.9
Germany 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 0.8 1.7
Italy 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.3 2.0
Japan 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.3
United Kingdom 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.2
United States 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3
Euro area 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 1.3 2.0
European Union 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 1.4 2.1
Total OECD 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.4 2.5
Public consumption
Canada 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.3
France 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5
Germany -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 1.3 -0.5
Italy 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0
Japan 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.4 1.4
United Kingdom 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.9 2.0
United States 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.2 2.8
Euro area 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.9
European Union 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.1
Total OECD 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.4 1.8
Business investment
Canada 7.3 6.8 5.7 5.3 3.8 7.3
France 5.5 5.6 5.7 6.0 -0.6 4.2
Germany 4.3 2.9 2.3 1.7 -2.9 8.9
Italy 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.9 -10.8 3.3
Japan 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 8.4 2.2
United Kingdom 4.1 5.7 6.6 7.4 2.7 2.7
United States 5.6 5.6 7.2 7.2 5.5 10.4
Euro area 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.5 -2.2 5.0
European Union 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.8 -1.7 5.0
Total OECD 4.9 4.8 5.4 5.4 2.8 6.7
Total investment
Canada 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.3 5.3
France 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 0.2 2.8
Germany 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 -1.4 2.7
Italy 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.3 -5.8 3.5
Japan 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 4.9 -1.6
United Kingdom 6.0 7.2 7.5 8.1 2.7 5.3
United States 4.0 3.9 4.8 4.8 6.2 6.8
Euro area 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 -0.5 3.1
European Union 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 -0.3 3.6
Total OECD 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.9 3.2 4.2
Total domestic demand
Canada 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.5
France 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 1.5 2.1
Germany 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 0.9 1.6
Italy 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.4 2.1
Japan 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.1 0.8
United Kingdom 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 2.0 3.0
United States 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.1
Euro area 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.3 2.1
European Union 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 1.4 2.2
Total OECD 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 2.5 3.0
Export of goods and
services
Canada 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.9 -0.2 6.7
France 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.8 -1.9 6.6
Germany 7.2 7.5 7.8 7.8 -0.6 6.4
Italy 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.5 -3.2 5.4
Japan 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.7 5.3 10.3
United Kingdom 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.9 3.5 8.2
United States 8.8 8.0 8.0 8.0 3.8 9.3
Total OECD (b) 8.3 8.1 8.1 8.1 2.8 8.4
Import of goods and
services
Canada 7.6 6.8 6.1 5.9 3.6 7.8
France 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.9 2.1 6.3
Germany 7.0 7.2 7.5 7.5 1.4 6.5
Italy 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.7 0.0 5.7
Japan 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 3.4 4.8
United Kingdom 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.3 3.0 8.1
United States 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 2.9 7.7
Total OECD (b) 7.1 7.0 7.0 7.1 3.0 7.3
GDP
Canada 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 1.7 3.3
France 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 0.4 2.2
Germany 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 0.2 1.8
Italy 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 0.5 2.0
Japan 19.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.4 1.6
United Kingdom 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.0 2.8
United States 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 4.1
Euro area 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 0.6 2.2
European Union 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 0.9 2.3
Total OECD 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.4 3.1
Fourth
quarter
(a)
2005
Private consumption
Canada 3.0
France 2.3
Germany 2.5
Italy 1.9
Japan 1.0
United Kingdom 2.2
United States 3.5
Euro area 2.5
European Union 2.4
Total OECD 2.9
Public consumption
Canada 3.1
France 1.8
Germany -0.4
Italy 1.0
Japan 2.0
United Kingdom 2.4
United States 2.4
Euro area 1.0
European Union 1.1
Total OECD 1.9
Business investment
Canada 6.3
France 5.7
Germany 2.8
Italy 4.4
Japan 1.5
United Kingdom 5.9
United States 6.4
Euro area 4.7
European Union 4.8
Total OECD 5.1
Total investment
Canada 4.2
France 3.9
Germany 3.4
Italy 4.0
Japan 0.6
United Kingdom 7.2
United States 4.4
Euro area 4.2
European Union 4.6
Total OECD 4.5
Total domestic demand
Canada 3.2
France 2.5
Germany 2.2
Italy 2.2
Japan 1.2
United Kingdom 3.3
United States 3.6
Euro area 2.6
European Union 2.7
Total OECD 3.0
Export of goods and
services
Canada 6.2
France 7.4
Germany 7.6
Italy 5.5
Japan 9.7
United Kingdom 7.8
United States 8.2
Total OECD (b) 8.1
Import of goods and
services
Canada 6.6
France 7.5
Germany 7.3
Italy 5.7
Japan 5.2
United Kingdom 8.1
United States 6.8
Total OECD (b) 7.0
GDP
Canada 3.2
France 2.5
Germany 2.5
Italy 2.1
Japan 1.9
United Kingdom 3.0
United States 3.6
Euro area 2.6
European Union 2.7
Total OECD 3.1
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95, has
been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries, both
with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. Moreover, some
countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate real GDP
and expenditures components. See Table "National Account Reporting
Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical Annex and
OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
a) Year-on-year growth rates in per cent.
b) Includes intra-regional trade.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 54. Quarterly price, cost and unemployment projections
Percentage changes from previous period, seasonally adjusted at annual
rates, volume
2004 2005
2003 2004 2005 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
Consumer price index
Canada 2.8 1.4 2.1 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
France 2.0 1.4 0.9 1.8 1.8 0.6 0.6
Germany 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6
Italy 2.8 2.0 1.9 3.1 1.2 2.2 0.9
Japan -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2
United Kingdom 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7
United States 2.3 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8
Euro area 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.1
GDP deflator
Canada 3.5 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8
France 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.8
Germany 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.8
Italy 2.7 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.2
Japan -2.5 -1.3 -0.8 -1.5 -I.0 -0.9 -0.7
United Kingdom 2.8 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6
United States 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5
Euro area 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.5
European Union 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7
Total OECD 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4
Unit labour cost
(total economy)
Canada 2.0 1.3 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.7
France 2.7 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.8
Germany 0.6 -0.2 0.0 -1.5 -1.3 -0.6 0.0
Italy 3.2 2.1 2.3 -0.3 2.8 1.7 1.9
Japan -2.3 -1.1 -1.3 -1.1 -1.1 -1.3 -1.3
United Kingdom 2.2 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.2
United States -0.4 0.2 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 2.3
Euro area 2.1 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.9
European Union 2.2 1.0 1.3 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.2
Total OECD 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.4
Per cent of labour force
Unemployment
Canada 7.8 7.8 7.4 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.4
France 9.6 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8
Germany 8.9 9.1 8.8 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1
Italy 8.9 8.9 8.8 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.8
Japan 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.3 0.5 5.2 5.1
United Kingdom 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8
United States 6.1 5.9 5.2 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.5
Euro area 8.8 9.0 8.7 9.0 8.9 8.9 8.9
European Union 8.0 8.1 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.0
Total OECD 7.1 7.0 6.7 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.9
Fourth quarter (a)
Q2 Q3 Q4 2003 2004 2005
Consumer price index
Canada 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.2
France 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.9 1.2 0.8
Germany 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.9
Italy 3.2 1.5 2.6 2.6 1.8 2.0
Japan -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2
United Kingdom 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
United States 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.9
Euro area 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.5
GDP deflator
Canada 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.5 1.7 1.9
France 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.8
Germany 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0
Italy 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.0 1.6 2.6
Japan -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -1.6 -1.3 -0.6
United Kingdom 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5
United States 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.2
Euro area 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.7
European Union 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.8
Total OECD 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4
Unit labour cost
(total economy)
Canada 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.7 1.5
France 0.8 0.7 0.5 2.5 0.6 0.7
Germany 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.2 -1.1 0.8
Italy 2.7 4.0 3.4 3.8 1.6 3.0
Japan -1.4 -1.5 -1.6 -0.7 -1.1 -1.5
United Kingdom 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.2 1.7 2.3
United States 1.5 1.4 1.4 -1.0 1.4 1.7
Euro area 1.1 1.4 1.3 2.2 0.7 1.2
European Union I.5 1.8 1.7 2.4 0.0 1.6
Total OECD 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3
Per cent of labour force
Unemployment
Canada 7.4 7.4 7.3 8.0 7.5 7.3
France 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.7
Germany 8.9 8.7 8.5 9.0 9.1 8.5
Italy 8.8 8.8 8.8 9.0 8.8 8.8
Japan 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.2 4.9
United Kingdom 4.8 4.8 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.7
United States 5.3 5.2 5.0 6.2 5.6 5.0
Euro area 8.8 8.7 8.6 9.0 8.9 8.6
European Union 8.0 7.9 7.8 8.2 8.1 7.8
Total OECD 6.8 6.6 6.4 7.2 7.0 6.4
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95,
has been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries,
both with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. Moreover,
some countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate
real GDP and expenditures components. See Table "National Account
Reporting Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical
Annex and OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
a) Year-on-year growth rates in per cent.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 55. Contributions to changes in real GDP in OECD countries
As a per cent of real GDP in the previous period, seasonally adjusted
at annual rates
2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia
Final domestic demand 6.1 4.6 3.8 3.6
Stockbuilding -0.3 0.8 0.0 0.4
Net exports -2.5 -2.7 -0.2 -0.1
GDP 3.3 2.4 3.7 4.0
Austria
Final domestic demand -0.2 1.2 1.8 2.5
Stockbuilding -0.1 -0.6 0.2 0.0
Net exports 1.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.1
GDP 1.4 0.8 1.6 2.4
Belgium
Final domestic demand 0.2 1.5 2.0 2.5
Stockbuilding 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0
Net exports -0.3 -1.0 -0.1 0.3
GDP 0.7 0.7 1.9 2.8
Canada
Final domestic demand 2.7 3.2 3.3 3.3
Stockbuilding 0.8 0.7 -0.4 0.0
Net exports -0.3 -2.1 -0.3 -0.1
GDP 3.3 1.8 2.8 3.2
Czech Republic
Final domestic demand 3.4 2.8 3.0 3.1
Stockbuilding 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.5
Net exports -1.7 -1.4 -0.4 -0.5
GDP 2.0 2.5 2.9 3.2
Denmark
Final domestic demand 1.5 -0.3 1.7 2.4
Stockbuilding -0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0
Net exports 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.4
GDP 2.1 0.5 2.4 2.8
Finland
Final domestic demand 0.8 1.2 2.5 2.4
Stockbuilding 0.5 0.7 -0.6 0.0
Net exports 1.6 0.5 1.1 1.4
GDP 2.2 1.0 3.4 3.8
France
Final domestic demand 1.4 1.1 1.6 2.3
Stockbuilding -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0
Net exports 0.2 -1.0 -0.1 0.0
GDP 1.3 0.1 1.7 2.4
Germany
Final domestic demand -1.6 0.1 1.0 1.8
Stockbuilding 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1
Net exports 1.7 -0.8 0.2 0.4
GDP 0.2 0.0 1.4 2.3
Greece
Final domestic demand 4.1 4.5 4.3 3.5
Stockbuilding 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net exports -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 0.1
GDP 3.8 4.0 4.1 3.6
Hungary
Final domestic demand 7.2 5.7 2.7 4.1
Stockbuilding -1.9 0.2 0.1 0.1
Net exports -1.9 -3.0 0.6 -0.4
GDP 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.8
Iceland
Final domestic demand -2.8 4.4 4.5 7.0
Stockbuilding 0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.1
Net exports 2.3 -2.5 -1.0 -1.6
GDP -0.2 1.9 3.7 5.6
Ireland
Final domestic demand 2.9 -0.2 2.4 3.2
Stockbuilding -0.5 1.3 -0.7 0.3
Net exports 4.6 1.0 1.9 1.4
GDP 6.9 1.8 3.6 4.8
Italy
Final domestic demand 0.7 0.9 1.6 2.2
Stockbuilding 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.0
Net exports -0.7 -1.2 -0.2 -0.1
GDP 0.4 0.5 1.6 2.1
Japan
Final domestic demand -0.2 2.0 1.0 0.9
Stockbuilding -0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1
Net exports 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.8
GDP 0.2 2.7 1.8 1.8
Korea
Final domestic demand 5.0 0.5 2.3 3.7
Stockbuilding -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0
Net exports 2.0 2.6 2.4 1.8
GDP 6.3 2.7 4.7 5.5
Luxembourg
Final domestic demand 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.2
Stockbuilding -2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net exports 1.6 -0.3 0.3 0.7
GDP 1.3 1.2 2.0 2.9
Mexico
Final domestic demand 0.5 2.0 3.7 4.6
Stockbuilding 0.5 -1.0 0.3 0.0
Net exports -0.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.5
GDP 0.9 1.5 3.6 4.2
Netherlands
Final domestic demand 0.3 -0.7 0.3 1.8
Stockbuilding -0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2
Net exports 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.0
GDP 0.2 -0.5 1.0 2.0
New Zealand
Final domestic demand 4.6 5.6 4.0 2.9
Stockbuilding 0.1 -0.3 0.3 0.1
Net exports -0.8 -2.5 -1.3 -0.2
GDP 4.2 2.7 3.1 2.9
Norway
Final domestic demand 1.5 1.9 2.8 1.7
Stockbuilding 0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.0
Net exports -0.8 -1.1 -0.2 0.3
GDP 1.0 0.6 2.8 2.0
Poland
Final domestic demand 0.9 2.1 3.2 4.0
Stockbuilding 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0
Net exports 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.5
GDP 1.4 3.3 3.5 4.5
Portugal
Final domestic demand -0.6 -3.2 1.0 2.8
Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0
Net exports 0.9 2.5 0.5 -0.2
GDP 0.4 -0.8 1.5 2.6
Slovak Republic
Final domestic demand 3.3 0.3 3.0 4.7
Stockbuilding 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net exports 0.3 3.5 1.2 -0.4
GDP 4.4 3.9 4.2 4.4
Spain
Final domestic demand 2.6 3.4 3.7 3.9
Stockbuilding 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Net exports -0.6 -1.1 -1.0 -0.7
GDP 2.0 2.3 2.9 3.1
Sweden
Final domestic demand 0.7 1.0 1.8 2.4
Stockbuilding -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
Net exports 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.7
GDP 1.9 1.5 2.3 2.7
Switzerland
Final domestic demand -0.3 -0.1 0.9 1.9
Stockbuilding -0.9 -1.2 0.4 0.0
Net exports 1.4 0.8 -0.2 -0.1
GDP 0.2 -0.5 1.2 1.8
Turkey
Final domestic demand 1.7 4.7 5.6 6.7
Stockbuilding 7.0 1.4 -2.0 -1.0
Net exports -0.9 -1.3 -0.6 -0.3
GDP 7.8 0.5 4.9 5.4
United Kingdom
Final domestic demand 3.1 2.8 2.8 3.1
Stockbuilding 0.0 -0.3 0.3 0.2
Net exports -1.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4
GDP 1.7 1.9 2.7 2.9
United States
Final domestic demand 2.5 3.4 4.2 3.8
Stockbuilding 0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.2
Net exports -0.8 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2
GDP 2.4 2.9 4.2 3.8
Euro area
Final domestic demand 0.4 0.9 1.6 2.3
Stockbuilding 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0
Net exports 0.5 -0.7 0.0 0.1
GDP 0.9 0.5 1.8 2.5
European Union
Final domestic demand 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.5
Stockbuilding 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1
Net exports 0.2 -0.7 0.0 0.0
GDP 1.1 0.7 1.9 2.9
Total OECD
Final domestic demand 1.6 2.3 2.8 2.9
Stockbuilding 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1
Net exports -0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.1
GDP 1.8 2.0 3.0 3.1
Note: The adoption of new national account systems, SNA93 or ESA95,
has been proceeding at an uneven pace among OECD member countries,
both with respect to variables and the time period covered. As a
consequence, there are breaks in many national series. Moreover,
some countries are using chain-weighted price indices to calculate
real GDP and expenditures components. See Table "National Account
Reporting Systems and Base-years" at the beginning of the Statistical
Annex and OECD Economic Outlook Sources and Methods
(http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 56. Household wealth and indebtedness (a)
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Canada
Net wealth 427.5 440.6 457.2 476.2 483.7 498.3
Net financial wealth 187.6 194.9 204.2 214.2 225.7 236.0
Non-financial assets 239.8 245.6 252.9 262.0 258.0 262.2
Financial assets 281.4 291.6 303.8 317.3 329.1 342.9
of which: Equities 51.4 52.2 58.4 63.6 66.3 74.8
Liabilities 93.8 96.7 99.5 103.1 103.4 106.8
of which: Mortgages 61.6 64.6 66.5 68.5 68.8 70.8
France
Net wealth 527.2 510.4 515.9 494.8 507.6 533.6
Net financial wealth 170.3 173.1 188.9 166.5 195.0 220.2
Non-financial assets 356.9 337.3 327.0 328.3 312.6 313.4
Financial assets 251.3 253.4 271.4 251.1 262.9 288.9
of which: Equities 118.6 115.6 126.2 95.0 89.6 104.5
Liabilities 80.9 80.3 82.6 84.6 67.9 68.7
of which: Long-term
loans 53.4 53.0 54.7 53.7 51.6 52.2
Germany
Net wealth 532.3 530.8 547.5 553.3 563.1 570.8
Net financial wealth 123.2 124.1 133.7 130.3 135.6 140.5
Non-financial assets 344.8 341.4 347.4 356.2 360.6 362.3
Financial assets 208.1 209.9 224.7 227.3 236.2 245.2
of which: Equities 30.4 30.8 37.8 40.7 42.3 46.8
Liabilities 84.9 85.7 91.0 97.0 100.6 104.8
of which: Mortgages 50.7 50.3 53.8 58.0 61.0 64.5
Italy
Net wealth 653.9 723.8 762.4 708.2 699.3 699.6
Net financial wealth 202.4 207.0 229.2 224.1 224.0 231.3
Non-financial assets 451.5 516.7 533.2 484.2 475.3 468.3
Financial assets 232.2 237.7 261.0 256.0 254.6 263.3
of which: Equities 47.9 47.9 544.0 49.3 46.5 50.9
Liabilities 29.8 30.6 31.8 31.9 30.6 32.0
of which: Medium and
long-term loans 14.3 14.4 14.9 15.2 18.6 19.1
Japan
Net wealth 867.3 794.4 774.8 772.5 757.1 767.5
Net financial wealth 265.0 255.8 263.8 281.8 289.1 303.0
Non-financial assets 602.3 538.6 510.9 490.7 468.0 464.6
Financial assets 395.9 384.1 396.2 414.2 426.2 436.9
of which: Equities 52.8 37.1 38.3 47.0 45.9 41.1
Liabilities 130.9 128.3 132.4 132.4 137.1 133.9
of which: Mortgages 50.8 51.8 53.9 56.2 58.5 60.2
United Kingdom
Net wealth 580.6 547.3 582.7 544.0 555.9 572.5
Net financial wealth 220.0 234.5 278.7 257.3 281.3 286.9
Non-financial assets 360.7 312.9 304.1 286.8 270.2 279.9
Financial assets 333.4 343.9 385.1 364.7 387.8 392.0
of which: Equities 58.9 61.2 73.5 70.2 71.7 70.2
Liabilities 113.5 109.4 106.4 107.5 106.5 105.1
of which: Mortgages 80.6 79.1 78.2 79.5 78.1 77.6
United States
Net wealth 490.4 481.0 488.3 478.4 508.2 529.2
Net financial wealth 278.0 274.2 282.9 276.2 304.5 326.9
Non-financial assets 212.4 206.8 205.4 202.2 203.7 202.4
Financial assets 365.9 361.3 372.2 367.9 398.3 422.9
of which: Equities 69.7 75.2 85.1 79.0 97.7 112.2
Liabilities 87.9 87.1 89.3 91.7 93.7 96.0
of which: Mortgages 62.1 62.3 63.4 63.7 63.5 64.7
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Canada
Net wealth 508.5 505.4 514.0 506.7 507.4 511.6
Net financial wealth 245.0 240.5 247.4 244.1 238.1 232.8
Non-financial assets 263.5 265.0 266.6 262.6 269.3 278.9
Financial assets 354.5 352.4 361.4 357.1 353.2 348.5
of which: Equities 84.9 92.0 92.4 94.4 98.6 95.0
Liabilities 109.6 112.0 113.9 113.0 115.2 115.7
of which: Mortgages 71.6 71.8 71.7 69.8 69.9 70.6
France
Net wealth 557.6 577.8 656.0 629.3 613.6 586.3
Net financial wealth 241.6 262.2 310.5 282.6 255.1 226.4
Non-financial assets 315.9 315.6 345.6 346.7 358.6 360.0
Financial assets 310.8 336.0 385.8 359.2 336.7 308.4
of which: Equities 117.1 137.6 177.6 155.7 129.8 100.7
Liabilities 69.2 73.8 75.3 76.6 81.7 82.1
of which: Long-term
loans 52.6 52.9 55.0 55.2 55.6 57.1
Germany
Net wealth 579.3 585.4 591.0 583.9 568.5 495.3
Net financial wealth 149.2 155.2 165.8 162.9 159.0 155.0
Non-financial assets 360.8 360.3 355.5 351.0 340.4 340.3
Financial assets 256.8 266.2 280.0 277.3 270.9 267.2
of which: Equities 55.1 53.0 .. 74.8 67.8 53.8
Liabilities 107.6 111.0 114.2 114.4 112.0 112.1
of which: Mortgages 67.1 68.5 71.9 72.5 72.1 73.0
Italy
Net wealth 693.3 713.2 736.7 748.3 714.2 ..
Net financial wealth 239.7 266.4 293.9 294.6 251.7 ..
Non-financial assets 453.6 446.9 442.8 453.7 462.5 ..
Financial assets 268.0 296.7 327.7 329.8 287.0 ..
of which: Equities 72.2 108.3 153.0 147.4 102.5 ..
Liabilities 28.2 30.3 33.8 35.3 35.3 ..
of which: Medium and
long-term loans 19.3 21.2 24.3 25.7 26.0 ..
Japan
Net wealth 759.9 739.8 765.8 762.3 753.1 ..
Net financial wealth 307.6 303.5 338.4 344.0 344.7 348.1
Non-financial assets 452.3 436.3 427.4 419.3 408.4 ..
Financial assets 442.0 437.1 471.9 477.7 483.5 487.9
of which: Equities 36.8 26.5 48.7 42.8 34.4 29.4
Liabilities 134.4 133.6 133.5 133.7 138.8 139.8
of which: Mortgages 54.4 54.9 57.5 59.3 61.9 ..
United Kingdom
Net wealth 619.8 670.6 751.5 748.8 682.3 676.4
Net financial wealth 342.2 355.4 408.8 377.5 314.4 243.4
Non-financial assets 282.1 315.0 342.5 370.9 370.2 431.9
Financial assets 447.2 464.4 520.6 493.1 433.1 374.1
of which: Equities 96.2 92.1 120.6 110.9 78.8 55.4
Liabilities 105.0 109.1 111.8 115.6 118.7 128.9
of which: Mortgages 76.4 79.1 81.0 83.5 85.7 94.0
United States
Net wealth 566.2 585.9 636.5 587.4 555.6 506.7
Net financial wealth 362.8 379.6 422.7 370.3 330.3 275.3
Non-financial assets 203.4 206.2 213.8 217.1 225.4 231.4
Financial assets 460.4 478.9 526.7 475.2 439.1 387.7
of which: Equities 137.4 149.0 183.6 147.6 122.5 91.5
Liabilities 97.7 99.3 104.0 104.9 108.9 112.4
of which: Mortgages 65.6 67.0 70.0 70.5 74.5 79.2
(a) Assets and liabilities are amounts outstanding at the end of the
period, in per cent of nominal disposable income. Vertical lines
between columns indicate breaks in the series due to changes in the
definitions or accounting systems. Figures after the most recent
breaks in the series are based on the UN System of National Accounts
1993 (SNA 93) and, more specifically, for European Union countries,
on the corresponding European System of Accounts 1995 (ESA 95).
Households include non-profit institutions serving households. Net
wealth is defined as non-financial and financial assets minus
liabilities: net financial wealth is financial assets minus
liabilities. Non-financial assets include stock of durable goods and
dwellings, at replacement cost and at market value, respectively.
Financial assets comprise currency and deposits, securities other
than shares, leans, shares and other equity, insurance technical
reserves; and other accounts receivable/payable. Not included are
assets with regard to social security pension insurance schemes.
Equities comprise shares and other equity, including quoted,
unquoted and mutual fund shares. See also OECD Economic Outlook
Sources and Methods (http://www.oecd.org/eco/sources-and-methods).
Sources: Canada: Statistics Canada, National Balance Sheet Accounts.
France: INSEE, Rapport sur les Comptes de la Nation and 25 ans de
Comptes de Patrimoine (1969-1993) Banque de France. Flow of Funds
Accounts. Germany: Deutsche Bundesbank, Monthly Report and Financial
accounts for Germany 1991 to 1999, Special Statistical Publication,
2000. Italy: Banca d'Italia, Supplements to the Statistical Bulletin;
Ando. A., L. Guiso, I. Visco (eds.), Saving and the Accumulation of
Wealth, Cambridge University Press, 1994; OECD, Financial Accounts
of OECD countries. Japan: Economic Planning Agency, Government of
Japan, Annual Report on National Accounts. United Kingdom: Office
for National Statistics, United Kingdom National Accounts, and
Financial Statistics. United States: Federal Reserve Statistical
Release, Flow of Funds Accounts of the United Slates.
Annex Table 57. Central government financial balances
Sumlus ( ) or deficit (-) as a percentage of nominal GOP
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Canada -5.5 -4.6 -3.9 -2.0 0.7
France -4.9 -4.9 -4.2 -3.7 -2.8
Germany -1.9 -1.2 -1.4 -2.2 -1.6
Italy -9.8 -9.1 -7.7 -6.9 -2.7
Japan (a) -3.5 -4.3 -4.3 -4.4 -3.9
United Kingdom -8.1 -6.7 -5.5 -4.6 -2.2
United States -4.4 -3.2 -2.6 -1.9 -0.6
excluding social security -5.1 -4.0 -3.5 -2.8 -1.7
Total of above countries -4.7 -4.0 -3.5 -3.0 -1.7
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Canada 0.8 0.8 1.7 1.0 1.0
France -3.0 -2.5 -2.4 -2.3 -3.8
Germany -1.8 -1.6 1.4 -1.4 -1.6
Italy -2.5 -1.5 -1.1 -2.8 -2.5
Japan (a) -5.4 -7.7 -6.7 -6.2 -6.7
United Kingdom 0.3 1.2 4.1 0.9 -1.3
United States 0.5 1.1 2.0 0.6 -2.2
excluding social security -0.7 -0.3 0.5 -1.0 -3.8
Total of above countries -1.3 -1.2 0.0 -1.3 -2.9
2003 2004 2005
Canada 0.1 0.1 0.2
France -3.8 -3.7 -3.4
Germany -1.8 -1.6 -1.5
Italy -2.7 -3.0 -3.9
Japan (a) -6.7 -6.5 -6.4
United Kingdom -2.8 -2.8 -3.1
United States -4.0 -4.4 -4.2
excluding social security -5.5 -6.0 -5.8
Total of above countries -3.9 -4.0 -3.9
Note: Central government financial balances include one-off revenues
from the sale of mobile telephone licenses.
a) Data are only available for fiscal years beginning April 1 of the
year shown. The 1998 deficit would rise by 5.2 percentage points of
GDP if account were taken of the assumption by the central government
of the debt of the Japan Railway Settlement Corporation and the
National Forest Special Account.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 58. Maastricht definition of general government gross
public debt
As a percentage of nominal GDP
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Austria 61.8 64.7 69.2 69.1 64.7
Belgium 138.1 135.8 133.9 130.5 124.8
Denmark 78.0 73.5 69.3 65.1 61.2
Finland 55.9 58.0 57.1 57.1 54.1
France 45.3 48.4 54.5 57.1 59.3
Germany 46.9 49.3 57.0 59.8 61.0
Greece 110.1 107.9 108.7 111.3 108.2
Ireland 96.5 90.9 82.9 74.1 65.0
Italy 118.2 123.8 123.1 122.2 120.2
Luxembourg 5.7 5.4 5.6 6.2 6.1
Netherlands 79.3 76.4 77.2 75.2 69.9
Portugal 59.1 62.1 64.3 62.9 59.1
Spain 58.4 61.1 63.9 68.1 66.6
Sweden .. 73.8 73.6 73.5 70.5
United Kingdom 45.4 48.5 51.8 52.2 50.8
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Austria 63.7 67.5 67.0 67.1 66.7
Belgium 119.5 114.8 109.5 108.7 106.1
Denmark 56.2 53.0 47.3 45.4 45.5
Finland 48.6 47.0 44.6 44.0 42.7
France 59.5 58.5 57.1 56.8 58.9
Germany 60.9 61.2 60.2 59.5 60.8
Greece 105.8 105.2 106.2 106.9 104.7
Ireland 54.9 48.6 38.4 36.1 32.4
Italy 116.3 115.0 110.5 109.5 106.7
Luxembourg 6.3 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.7
Netherlands 66.8 63.1 55.9 52.9 52.4
Portugal 55.0 54.3 53.3 55.5 58.0
Spain 64.6 63.1 60.5 56.8 53.8
Sweden 68.0 62.7 52.8 54.4 52.7
United Kingdom 47.6 45.0 42.1 38.9 38.5
2003 2004 2005
Austria 66.8 66.9 67.1
Belgium 102.4 98.8 95.3
Denmark 43.6 41.7 39.8
Finland 41.8 42.1 40.1
France 61.4 63.8 65.8
Germany 63.3 64.7 65.8
Greece 102.9 100.9 98.4
Ireland 32.5 32.0 30.8
Italy 106.4 106.0 105.9
Luxembourg 4.9 5.7 5.6
Netherlands 54.1 55.9 56.3
Portugal 59.8 60.2 59.8
Spain 51.5 49.1 46.8
Sweden 52.1 51.6 50.9
United Kingdom 39.7 41.0 42.2
Note: Debt figures are based on ESA95 definitions. For the period
1993-2002, they are provided by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of
the European Communities, while GDP figure, are provided by National
Authorities. The 2003 to 2004 debt ratios are projected forward in
line with the OECD projection for general government gross financial
liabilities and GDP.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 59. Monetary and credit aggregates: recent trends
Annualised percentage change, seasonally adjusted
Annual change (to 4th quarter)
1998 1999 2000 2001
Canada M2 0.6 3.8 7.2 5.7
BL (a) 7.5 6.0 7.4 5.0
Japan M2 CD 4.5 3.1 2.0 3.1
BL (a) -1.0 -0.6 2.5 -1.4
United Kingdom M0 5.1 9.4 6.6 7.7
M4 8.8 3.6 8.7 7.5
BL (a) 8.1 9.1 14.1 10.0
United States M2 8.5 6.3 6.1 10.2
M3 10.8 7.6 9.2 12.7
BL (a) 9.8 4.5 12.1 2.5
Euro area M2 5.7 6.6 4.0 8.4
M3 4.9 5.2 4.6 10.5
BL (a) 6.4 6.6 5.9 7.2
Annual
change
(to 4th
quarter)
Latest
twelve
2002 months
Canada 6.0 6.2 (Sep.2003)
5.1 4.6 (Sep.2003)
Japan 2.9 1.8 (Sep.2003)
-3.1 -2.4 (Aug.2003)
United Kingdom 6.9 8.0 (Nov. 2003)
5.7 9.7 (Oct. 2003)
8.8 8.1 (Sep.2003)
United States 6.8 6.1 (Oct. 2003)
6.4 6.0 (Oct. 2003)
5.1 6.3 (Oct. 2003)
Euro area 6.5 8.2 (Oct. 2003)
7.6 8.0 (Oct. 2003)
3.8 4.9 (Sep.2003)
(a) Commercial bank lending.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 60. Export market growth and performance in goods and
services
Percentage changes from previous year
Export market
Import volume growth
2002 2003 2004 2005 2002 2003
Australia 12.0 9.4 6.8 7.7 5.5 6.1
Austria 1.2 1.0 3.8 7.4 1.8 4.2
Belgium 1.1 -0.2 4.9 6.7 1.5 2.7
Canada 0.6 3.8 6.2 7.3 3.7 3.8
Czech Republic 4.3 6.9 8.6 8.9 2.0 5.0
Denmark 4.2 0.8 5.5 7.2 1.2 3.3
Finland 1.3 0.9 8.1 9.0 3.3 5.1
France 0.8 1.2 5.0 7.2 2.0 3.2
Germany -1.6 2.9 4.4 7.1 2.8 3.5
Greece -4.7 2.4 5.7 5.3 3.1 4.1
Hungary 6.1 7.7 6.0 8.9 1.7 3.7
Iceland -2.3 6.5 7.1 8.5 1.9 2.8
Ireland 2.3 -9.7 2.6 7.7 2.4 2.9
Italy 1.5 1.6 5.5 5.8 2.2 3.9
Japan 2.0 4.5 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.8
Korea 16.4 13.2 13.5 13.9 5.2 6.2
Luxembourg -1.6 1.6 4.1 6.0 1.0 2.0
Mexico 1.6 -1.7 7.2 8.4 3.0 3.5
Netherlands -0.2 -0.5 1.8 5.7 1.3 2.7
New Zealand 8.8 9.1 7.1 6.7 5.9 5.9
Norway 1.7 2.5 4.0 3.9 1.7 2.4
Poland 2.6 7.3 9.0 9.5 2.6 4.9
Portugal -0.4 -3.0 3.1 6.1 1.3 3.2
Slovak Republic 5.3 14.7 8.0 9.5 2.7 4.9
Spain 1.8 7.1 7.6 8.3 1.0 1.9
Sweden -2.7 5.2 4.8 6.9 2.7 3.3
Switzerland -3.5 -2.4 4.4 6.5 2.0 3.5
Turkey 15.7 16.6 13.3 12.6 3.5 4.7
United Kingdom 3.6 1.1 7.0 8.0 2.2 2.7
United States 3.7 3.6 7.3 7.1 1.9 3.3
Total OECD 2.4 3.1 6.3 7.4 2.7 3.7
Memorandum items
China 22.3 19.6 17.0 18.2 3.9 4.9
Dynamic Asia (b) 4.8 5.5 13.1 16.0 6.3 6.8
Other Asia 4.1 1.9 5.9 6.8 4.4 4.9
Latin America -13.5 0.5 7.1 7.6 0.5 3.4
Africa & Middle-East 4.6 4.7 5.9 8.0 4.5 5.2
Central & East Europe 12.8 13.8 13.6 12.7 6.1 7.6
Export market Export volume
growth
2004 2005 2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia 9.0 10.2 -0.1 -2.7 7.1 9.1
Austria 6.4 8.1 3.7 0.1 3.7 6.8
Belgium 5.8 7.6 0.8 -1.3 4.7 6.9
Canada 7.4 7.5 -0.1 -1.8 5.0 6.6
Czech Republic 6.5 8.3 2.8 6.2 9.2 9.5
Denmark 6.1 7.5 5.8 1.9 6.1 7.0
Finland 7.5 8.8 4.9 1.8 8.6 9.9
France 6.4 7.8 1.3 -2.2 4.6 7.1
Germany 6.8 8.2 3.4 0.3 4.6 7.2
Greece 7.0 7.9 -7.7 1.1 6.6 7.5
Hungary 6.2 8.0 3.8 4.3 7.2 9.0
Iceland 5.9 7.2 3.7 0.0 4.8 5.0
Ireland 6.5 7.8 6.2 -6.9 4.0 7.4
Italy 6.8 8.3 -1.0 -2.6 4.9 5.6
Japan 9.8 11.2 8.1 7.5 9.5 9.8
Korea 9.4 10.7 14.9 13.8 13.1 12.2
Luxembourg 5.5 7.3 -0.3 1.2 3.9 5.9
Mexico 7.2 7.2 1.4 -0.3 6.5 7.8
Netherlands 6.0 7.7 0.1 -0.5 2.6 5.2
New Zealand 8.0 9.0 5.8 1.2 3.5 6.7
Norway 6.0 7.6 -0.5 -0.8 2.2 3.2
Poland 7.0 8.5 4.8 9.8 10.5 11.5
Portugal 6.0 7.5 2.1 3.3 5.1 6.6
Slovak Republic 7.0 8.4 5.9 19.8 9.3 9.0
Spain 5.7 7.4 0.0 4.1 5.2 7.2
Sweden 6.7 8.0 0.4 5.0 5.0 6.6
Switzerland 6.5 8.1 -0.4 -0.5 3.8 5.9
Turkey 7.2 8.4 11.0 11.2 10.9 11.2
United Kingdom 6.2 7.8 -0.9 -0.9 6.5 8.0
United States 7.4 8.9 -1.6 1.4 8.5 8.7
Total OECD 7.2 8.6 1.9 1.5 6.5 7.9
Memorandum items
China 8.6 10.0 21.4 14.0 13.5 19.6
Dynamic Asia (b) 10.0 11.5 7.0 12.4 14.1 12.6
Other Asia 8.0 9.2 3.9 7.1 9.1 9.2
Latin America 7.1 7.8 1.3 3.8 6.0 6.0
Africa & Middle-East 7.9 9.2 4.4 4.1 6.3 7.8
Central & East Europe 9.3 10.1 10.7 6.7 8.8 9.0
Export performance (a)
2002 2003 2004 2005
Australia -5.3 -8.3 -1.7 -1.0
Austria 1.9 -3.9 -2.5 -1.2
Belgium -0.7 -3.9 -1.0 -0.6
Canada -3.6 -5.4 -2.2 -0.8
Czech Republic 0.8 1.2 2.5 1.1
Denmark 4.5 -1.4 0.1 -0.5
Finland 1.6 -3.1 1.0 0.9
France -0.7 -5.3 -1.7 -0.7
Germany 0.6 -3.1 -2.1 -0.9
Greece -10.5 -2.9 -0.4 -0.4
Hungary 2.1 0.6 1.0 1.0
Iceland 1.7 -2.7 -1.0 -2.1
Ireland 3.7 -9.6 -2.4 -0.4
Italy -3.1 -6.2 -1.8 -2.5
Japan 2.6 1.6 -0.3 -1.2
Korea 9.2 7.1 3.4 1.3
Luxembourg -1.3 -0.7 -1.5 -1.3
Mexico -1.5 -3.7 -0.6 0.6
Netherlands -1.2 -3.1 -3.2 -2.4
New Zealand -0.1 -4.4 -4.2 -2.1
Norway -2.2 -3.2 -3.6 -4.1
Poland 2.1 4.6 3.3 2.8
Portugal 0.9 0.1 -0.9 -0.9
Slovak Republic 3.1 14.2 2.2 0.6
Spain -1.0 2.2 -0.5 -0.2
Sweden -2.2 1.6 -1.6 -1.3
Switzerland -2.3 -3.9 -2.6 -2.0
Turkey 7.2 6.2 3.5 2.5
United Kingdom -3.1 -3.5 0.3 0.2
United States -3.4 -1.9 1.0 -0.2
Total OECD -0.8 -2.2 -0.6 -0.6
Memorandum items
China 16.8 8.7 4.5 8.7
Dynamic Asia (b) 0.6 5.3 3.7 1.0
Other Asia -0.5 2.1 1.0 0.0
Latin America 0.8 0.4 -1.0 -1.6
Africa & Middle-East -0.1 -1.1 -1.5 -1.2
Central & East Europe 4.4 -0.8 -0.4 -1.0
Note: Regional aggregates are calculated inclusive of intra-regional
trade. The calculation of export markets is based on a weighted
average of import volumes in each exporting country's market, with
weights based on goods and services trade flows in 2000.
a) Export performance is calculated as the percentage change in the
ratio of export volumes to export markets.
b) Dynamic Asia includes Chinese Taipei; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia;
Malaysia; Philippines; Singapore and Thailand.
Source: OECD.
Annex Table 61. Geographical structure of OECD trade
Percentage of nominal GDP
Source of imports
Area or
country Source/destination 1962 1972 1982 1992
OECD (a) OECD 6.17 8.20 10.66 11.22
of which: European Union 3.53 4.93 6.15 6.62
United States 1.24 1.27 1.65 1.66
Other 1.40 1.99 2.86 2.94
Non-OECD 2.24 2.35 4.59 3.07
of which: DAEs China (b) 0.25 0.34 0.76 1.20
OPEC 0.58 0.80 2.12 0.71
United OECD 1.80 3.45 4.94 5.76
States of which: European Union 0.69 1.15 1.45 1.60
Other 1.11 2.30 3.49 4.16
Non-OECD 0.99 1.03 2.55 2.67
of which: DAEs China (b) 0.14 0.30 0.72 1.45
OPEC 0.24 0.21 0.90 0.49
Japan OECD 5.36 4.15 4.65 3.30
of which: European Union 0.88 0.72 0.78 0.88
United States 2.93 1.92 2.18 1.37
Other 1.54 1.51 1.68 1.04
Non-OECD 3.78 3.57 7.25 2.82
of which: DAEs China (b) 1.08 0.75 1.43 1.22
OPEC 1.09 1.48 4.38 1.02
European OECD 12.46 13.61 18.12 17.87
Union of which: European Union 8.48 10.34 13.33 13.61
United States 1.96 1.44 2.06 1.53
Other 2.02 1.83 2.74 2.73
Non-OECD 4.35 3.73 6.25 3.41
of which: DAEs China (b) 0.31 0.28 0.57 0.94
OPEC 1.11 1.37 2.82 0.70
Source of Destination
imports of exports
Area or
country Source/destination 2001 2002 1962 1972
OECD (a) OECD 13.48 13.20 5.89 8.08
of which: European Union 7.12 7.15 3.48 4.85
United States 2.19 2.00 0.88 1.38
Other 4.17 4.04 1.53 1.85
Non-OECD 4.77 4.76 2.24 2.22
of which: DAEs China (b) 2.20 2.29 0.27 0.38
OPEC 0.88 0.78 0.28 0.40
United OECD 7.56 7.31 2.22 2.93
States of which: European Union 2.18 2.17 0.96 1.13
Other 5.38 5.14 1.26 1.80
Non-OECD 3.76 3.83 1.46 1.08
of which: DAEs China (b) 2.07 2.20 0.12 0.18
OPEC 0.59 0.51 0.17 0.21
Japan OECD 3.76 3.73 4.13 5.60
of which: European Union 1.07 1.10 0.97 1.40
United States 1.51 1.45 2.27 2.91
Other 1.18 1.17 0.89 1.29
Non-OECD 4.60 4.73 3.85 3.82
of which: DAEs China (b) 2.60 2.75 1.24 1.50
OPEC 1.35 1.32 0.51 0.60
European OECD 22.44 21.31 11.50 13.66
Union of which: European Union 16.09 15.52 8.20 10.30
United States 2.31 1.98 1.17 1.38
Other 4.04 3.82 2.13 1.98
Non-OECD 5.50 5.18 3.43 3.09
of which: DAEs China (b) 1.90 1.81 0.30 0.25
OPEC 0.85 0.72 0.46 0.58
Destination of exports
Area or
country Source/destination 1982 1992 2001 2002
OECD (a) OECD 10.31 11.01 13.60 13.36
of which: European Union 6.37 6.73 7.33 7.27
United States 1.67 1.84 3.01 2.91
Other 2.27 2.43 3.26 3.18
Non-OECD 4.13 2.97 3.53 3.59
of which: DAEs China (b) 0.75 1.15 1.52 1.56
OPEC 1.40 0.54 0.45 0.46
United OECD 4.22 5.09 5.30 4.84
States of which: European Union 1.69 1.71 1.58 1.39
Other 2.53 3.38 3.72 3.45
Non-OECD 2.29 2.00 1.95 1.80
of which: DAEs China (b) 0.54 0.83 0.91 0.88
OPEC 0.67 0.33 0.20 0.18
Japan OECD 6.58 5.41 5.66 5.91
of which: European Union 1.79 1.76 1.54 1.54
United States 3.28 2.52 2.90 2.98
Other 1.51 1.13 1.22 1.39
Non-OECD 5.94 3.51 3.99 4.53
of which: DAEs China (b) 2.08 2.33 2.97 3.47
OPEC 1.95 0.49 0.38 0.42
European OECD 17.24 17.11 23.94 23.19
Union of which: European Union 13.46 13.59 17.54 16.91
United States 1.56 1.31 2.68 2.59
Other 2.22 2.21 3.72 3.68
Non-OECD 5.52 3.20 4.56 4.51
of which: DAEs China (b) 0.44 0.65 1.13 1.07
OPEC 2.06 0.70 0.69 0.72
a) OECD includes Korea from 1988.
b) DAEs are the Dynamic Asian Economies (Chinese Taipei; Hung Kong,
China; Malaysia; Philippines; Singapore and Thailand).
Source: OECD.
COPYRIGHT 2003 OECD Publications and Information Centre
COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale Group
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