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FRANCES E. BOWEN, PAUL D. COUSINS,^ RICHARD C. LAMMING,^ AND ADAM C. FARUK^

Sheffield University Management School, Sheffield Sl 4DT, United Kingdom

^School of Management, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom

Frances E. Bowen was a Research Officer at the School of Management, University of Bath when this study was undertaken. She is now a Lecturer at Sheffield University Management School and teaches primarily Business Economics and Strategy. She has recently completed her Ph.D. on the implementation of environmental initiatives at the operating unit level of large, multi-unit firms in the UK. Dr Bowen's other research interests include corporate social responsibility, organizational slack, and R & D strategy.

Paul Cousins is a Lecturer in Operations and Supply Management at the University of Bath's School of Management. He holds a degree in Informatics from Sheffield University, and MBA and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Bath. Dr Cousins has worked as an Expeditor, Buyer, and Chief Buyer for Westland Helicopters, and as a Senior Contracts Negotiator for Sikorsky Aircraft in the U.S. Most recently he worked for A. T. Kearney Limited, where he was responsible for Supplier Development within the firm and worked globally with major blue chip organizations in the area of supply strategy and relationship management.

Richard Lamming is cips Professor of Purchasing and Supply Management at the School of Management, University of Bath (UK), where he is Director of the Centre for Research in Strategic Purchasing and Supply. From 1986 to 1990 Dr. Lamming was a senior member of the International Motor Vehicle Programme, based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex (UK). He was part of the small team that contributed to the best-selling book, The Machine That Changed the World (1990). In 1993 he established the concept of lean supply in Beyond Partnership: Strategies for Innovation and Lean Supply (Prentice Hall).

Adam Faruk was a Research Officer at the School of Management, University of Bath, at the time this research was completed. His background is in ecology and environmental science, and he has worked for several public and private organizations completing research and consultancy projects.