WOMAN-HATING IN MARIE DE FRANCE'S BISCLAVRET1

23. On whether the real person we know by the name of "Marie de France" was in fact female, see Huchet (407-11, 429-30), Menard (14-19), and Arden (212-14).

24. The lay's four final verses (315-18), in fact, attest to the veracity of the Bisdavret legend and urge that it be remembered eternally. See Jorgensen (29). On Marie's desire to preserve and disseminate Breton folklore, see the Lais' General Prologue.

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