pastoral predicament of Vavasor Powell (1617-1670): Eschatological fervor and its relationship to the pastoral ministry, The

Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, Sep 2000 by Milton, Michael A

2o Robert Ballie, Letters and Journals (1775) as quoted in note 35 by Christopher Hill in his The World Turned Upside Down (London: Penguin, 1975) 96.

21 printed with that title (London: for Livewell Chapman, at the Crown in Popes-head-Alley, 1654), British Museum, Dr. William's Library.

zz gee RTJ, Dissertation 276-277.

23 The economic turmoil might have been integral to the matter of population, as C. Hill suggested in his remark that "the population was greater than the economy as then organized could

absorb." See C. Hill, The Century of Revolution: 1603-1714 (2nd ed.; London: W. W. Norton & Co., 1980) 18. For a more complete review of the economic condition of Great Britain during the Interregnum and its relation to religious thought, see Hill's Economic Problems of the Church (London: Panther, 1946) and Reformation to Industrial Revolution (London: Penguin, 1946).

za RTJ, Dissertation 281.

zs Ibid. 282, quoting Christopher Feake, The new Non-conformist. . . (London, 1654), Preface. Rare Civil War tract copy located at Bodleian Library, Oxford.

zs [Thomas Goodwin] ". . . a perfectly respectable Independent Divine, by no means an extreme radical. . . believed the last times would begin in 1650." Christopher Hill uses this in his The World Turned Upside Down. He quotes from "A Glimpse of Zion's Glory" in A. S. P. Woodhouse," Puritanism and Liberty (London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1938) 234.

27 Christopher Hill, World Turned Upside Down 27.

ze Ian Murray's comment that the Independents of the Westminster Assembly were "moderate" in their pre-millennial views and not a party to the "wilder form. . with the Fifth Monarchy party" is not altogether supportable, when one considers the breadth of the Fifth Monarchy movement. Furthermore, when Thomas Goodwin preaches a sermon defending the principles of "the Fifth Monarchy, proving by Invincible Arguments that the Saints shall have a kingdom here on Earth . . . ," it does seem that he is in the movement. What must be advanced, then, is that there was, in fact, a difference between men in the party over the issue of their present relationship with the civil magistrate. This is argued for on p. 122 of Milton, Dissertation.

zs See RTJ, Dissertation 272 in which the author quotes from Owens's sermon "The Advantage of the Kindom of Christ in the Shaking of the Kingdoms of the World."

ss Murray, Puritan Hope 55.

si As quoted by Derek Hirst in his Authority and Conflict: England 1603-1658 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986) 313.

I From Vavasor Powell's A Word in Season.

3 Ibid.

34 See C. Hill, The World Turned Upside Down 16. "Historians, in fact, would be well-advised to avoid the loaded phrase `lunatic-fringe.' Lunacy, like beauty, may be in the eye of the beholder. There were lunatics in the seventeenth century, but modern psychiatry is helping us to understand that madness itself may be a form of protest against social norms, and that the `lunatic' may in some sense be saner than the society which rejects him."

35 A WORD FOR GOD. Or a Testimony on Truth's Behalf,' from several Churches, and divers hundreds of Christians in Wales (and some few adjacent) against Wickedness in HIGH-PLACES. With a Letter to the Lord Generall CROMWELL. Vavasor Powell's name appears on the third column from the left on p. 7 of the document; 10th from the top under William Price and before John Williams. His name is also mentioned in the "POSTSCRIPE" [sic]. National Library of Wales.