future of Israel as a theological question, The

Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, Sep 2001 by Blaising, Craig A

' See for example, Karl Barth, CD 2/2.195-305; C. E. B. Cranfield, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (ICC; Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1979) 2:445-592; Markus Barth, The People of God (Sheffield: JSOT, 1983); Peter Stuhlmacher, Paul's Letter to the Romans: A Commentary (trans. Scott J. Hafemann; Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1994) 142-84; David E. Holwerda, Jesus Bs Israel: One Covenant or Two? (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995) 147-76; J. Lanier Burns, `The Future of Ethnic Israel in Romans 11," in Dispensationalism, Israel and the Church (ed. C. Blaising and D. Bock; Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1992) 188229; S. Lewis Johnson, Jr., "Evidence for Romans 9-11," in A Case for Premillennialism: A New Consensus (ed. D. K. Campbell and J. L. Townsend; Chicago: Moody, 1992) 199-223; Harold W. Hoehner, "Israel in Romans 9-11," in Israel, The Land and The People (ed. H. Wayne House; Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1998) 145-67. Also see the collection of articles on the theme "The Church and Israel (Romans 9-11)" in Ex Auditu 4 (1988).

s Cranfield, Romans 2:448.

9 Paul bases his argument for the salvation of all Israel on the promise of Isa 59:20-21. It should be noted that Isaiah follows this promise with an oracle on the return of divine favor to Zion which concludes with the promise, "Then all your people will be righteous; they will possess the land forever ... That I may be glorified ... I, the Lord, will hasten it in its time" (cf. Isa 45:25).

to For example, see E. P. Sanders, Jesus and Judaism (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985); N. T. Wright, Jesus and the Victory of God (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1996); John P. Meier, A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus (ABRL; 3 vols.; New York: Doubleday, 1991-); Ben F. Meyer, The Aims of Jesus (London: SCM, 1979); Scot McKnight, A New Vision for Israel: The Teachings of Jesus in National Context (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999); and Darrell L. Bock, Jesus according to Scripture (Grand Rapids: Baker, forthcoming).

11 James Scott, "Jesus' Vision for the Restoration of Israel as the Basis for a Biblical Theology of the New Testament" (paper presented at the 9th annual meeting of the Wheaton Theology Conference, Wheaton, IL, 6 April 2000).

12 McKnight, New Vision for Israel 12-13, 39. On the presence of the kingdom, see pp. 70-119. is On the future coming of the kingdom, see ibid. 120-55.

1" I develop the themes of the present inauguration and future coming of the kingdom of God and its focus on Israel in the teaching of Jesus and his apostles in C. Blaising and D. Bock, Progressive Dispensationalism (Wheaton: BridgePoint, 1993) 232-83.

is Two-covenant theology is a general label for the consensus that has developed among the participants in and successors to the post-Holocaust Christian-Jewish dialogue. It should be noted, however, that not all the participants in the dialogue make use of the notion of covenant" when setting forth their view of Judaism as a divinely sanctioned religion distinct from Christianity. Helpful overviews of this theological development can be found in Abraham J. Peck, ed., Jews and Christians after the Holocaust (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982); John T. Pawlikowski, Christ in Light of the Christian-Jewish Dialogue (Studies in Judaism and Christianity; New York: Paulist, 1982); Peter von der Osten-Sicken, Christian-Jewish Dialogue: Theological Foundations (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986); James H. Charlesworth, Frank X. Blisard, and Jeffrey S. Siker, eds., Jews and Christians: Exploring the Past, Present, and Future, Shared Ground Among Jews and Christians: A Series of Explorations, vol. 1 (New York: Crossroad, 1990); Marvin Perry and Frederick M. Schweitzer, Jewish-Christian Encounters over the Centuries: Symbiosis, Prejudice, Holocaust, Dialogue, American University Studies, series 9: History, vol. 136 (New York: Peter Lang, 1994); and Eugene J. Fisher, ed., Visions of the Other: Jewish and Christian Theologians Assess the Dialogue (Studies in Judaism and Christianity; New York: Paulist, 1994),