"I been worried sick about you, too, Macon": Toni Morrison, the South, and the oral tradition

Studies in the Literary Imagination, Fall 1998 by Atkinson, Yvonne, Page, Philip

I In Chapter Seven of The Souls of Black Folk, W.E.B. DuBois theorizes his ideas about the deep South as he "recounts a mythical journey deep into the recesses of the Black Belt" (Adell 21 ). Other classic African American texts, such as Their Eyes Were Watching God, Cane, Black Boy, and Invisible Man, as well as such recent texts as Charles Johnson's Middle Passage, David Bradley's The Chaneysville Incident, Sherley Anne Williams' Dessa Rose, and Gloria Naylor's Mama Day are premised on the protagonists' struggles with their simultaneous immersion in and escape from their Southern past and the oral tradition associated with it.

WORKS CITED

Adell, Sandra. Double-Consciousness/Double Bind: Theoretical Issues in Twentieth-CenturyBlack Literature. Urbana: Illinois UP, 1994.

Allen, Ray. "Back Home: Southern Identity and African American Gospel Quartet Performance." Mapping American Culture. Ed. Wayne Franklin and Michael Steiner. Iowa City: Iowa UP, 1992.112-35.

Baker, Houston A, Jr. Workings of the Spirit: The Poetics of Afro-American Women's Writing. Chicago: Chicago UP, 1991.

Bakhtin, Mikhail. "Prehistory of Novelistic Discourse." Modern Criticism and Theory. Ed. David Lodge. New York: Longn, 1988.12456.

Barthold, Bonnie J. Black Time: Fiction of Africa, the Caribbean, and the United States. New Haven: Yale UP, 1981.

Bradley, David. The Chaneysville Incident. NewYork: Avon, 1981. Callahan, John E In the African-American Grain. Urbana: Illinois UP, 1988. Dixon, Melvin. Ride Out the Wilderness. Urbana: Illinois UP, 1987. DuBois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Penguin,1989. Ellison, Ralph. InvisibleMan. New York: Random House, 1952. Hurston, Zora Neal. TheirEyes Were Watching God. New York: J.B. Lippincott, 1937. Jan, Janheinz. Muntu: An Outline of the New African Culture. Trans. Marorie Grene. New York: Grove, 1961.

Johnson, Charles. Middle Passage. New York: Plume, 1990. Mitchell-iCeman, Claudia. "Signifying." Mother Wit From the Laughing Barrel. Ed. Alan Dundes.

New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1973. 310-328. Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York: Knopf, 1987.

The Bluest Eye. New York: Pocket Books, 1972. . Jazz. New York: Knopf, 1992. : Song of Solomon. New York: Signet, 1978.

Sula. New York: Bantam, 1975. . Tar Baby. New York: Signet, 1981. Naylor,Gloria.MamaDay. New York: Vintage, 1989.

Otten, Terry. The Crime of Innocence in the Fiction of Toni Morrison. Columbia: Missouri UP, 1989. Petry, Ann. The Street.1946. Reprint. New York: Pyramid, 1961. Rigney, Barbara Hill. The Voices of Toni Morrison. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1991. Saussure, Ferdinand de. "The Object of Study." Modern Criticism and Theory. Ed. David Lodge.

New York: Longman, 1988. 2-14.

Scruggs, Charles. Sweet Home: Invisible Cities in theAfro-American Novel. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1993.

Smitherman, Geneva. Black Talk: Words and Phrases from the Hood to the Amen Corner. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1994.

. Talkin and TesHfyin: The Language of BlackAmerica. Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1986. Stepto, Robert B. From Behind the Veil: A Study of Afro-American Narrative. Urbana: Illinois UP,


 

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