enigmas - and other recovered artefacts - of U-85, The

Cryptologia, Apr 2003 by Hamer, David H

REFERENCES

1. Blair, Clay. 1996. Hitler's U-boat War: The Hunters, 1939-1942. New York: Random House.

2. Bunch, J. W. 1986. Diving the U-85. Deep Sea Press. (Currently out-of-print but a revised and expanded edition has been scheduled.

3. Bunch, J. W. 2001. Unpublished communication with the author referring to a conversation with the late Frank B. ('Bert') Miller, former U.S. Navy diver and the first to attempt to enter the wreck of U-85 in 1942.

4. Erskine, Ralph and Frode Weierud. 1987. Naval Enigma M4 and its Rotors, Cryptologia. 11(4): 235-244.

5. Gannon, Michael. 1990. Operation Drumbeat. New York: Harper & Row.

6. Hunting, Roger. 2001. Unpublished personal communication.

7. Kahn, David. 1981. Seizing the Enigma. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

8. Morison, Samuel, E. 1963. The Two-Ocean War: A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War. Boston: Little-Brown.

9. Parker, Roy E. 1999. Unpublished personal communication.

David H. Hamer

ADDRESS: 66 Academy Court, Bedminster NJ 07921-1806 USA. dhamer@eclipse.net.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My thanks to divers Jim Bunch, Rich Hunting, Roger Hunting and Roy E. Parker for sharing their discoveries with me and inviting my participation. Rarely does cryptologic research involve risking one's life and well being as it did, and still does, in the exploration of U-85. I am also grateful for permission to use copyrighted material from their individual collections. This material includes most of the illustrations in this article.

Thanks also to my colleagues in the Crypto Simulation Group: Ralph Erskine, Wes Freeman, Philip Marks, Geoff Sullivan and Erode Weierud for invaluable assistance with the critiquing of my early drafts and to David Kahn for his editorial input.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

David Hamer, who is semi-retired, writes and lectures on cryptologic subjects and finds himself busier than ever pursuing related artefacts and knowledge on both sides of the Atlantic. He advises the U-85 recovery team and the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum, Hatteras, NC.