Essential oils of Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth.) R. Harley and Hyptis velutina Pohl ex Benth. from Brazilian Cerrado

Journal of Essential Oil Research: JEOR, Mar/Apr 2003 by Batista, Francislene L, de Paula, Jose Realino, Silva, Julierme G, Santos, Suzana C, Et al

Abstract

The oils from the leaves of Hyptidendron canum and aerial parts of Hypos velutina were analysed by GC and GC/ MS. The major constituents of H. canum oil were spathulenol (11.6%), globulol (14.4%) and longiborneol (35.3%), while the oil of H. velutina contained beta-caryophyllene (13.4%), bicyclogermacrene (29.3%) and gamma-nuurolene (47.4%) as main components.

Key Word Index

Hyptidendron canum, Hyptis velutina, Laniaceae, essential oil composition, spathulenol, longiborned beta-caryophullene/ gamma lambda-muurolene, biocyclogermacrene.

Plant Name

Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth,) R. Harley (synon Hyotis cana [Pohl ex Benth.]) and Hyptis velutina Pohl ex Benth. (Lamiaceae). Common name: malva.

Source

Leaves of H. canum were collected in Pirenopolis city (S 15 deg 5'40", NN 48 deg 55'18", 810 rn), and aerial parts of the H. velutina in Caiaponia city (GO), Brazil, in November 1996. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the Herbarium of the Universidade Federal de Goias (UFG), Goiania (GO), Brazil.

Plant Part

Air-dried leaves (0.65 kg) of H. canum and aerial parts (0.15 kg) of H. veluthia were separately hydrodistilled to produce the oils in 0.2% and 0.1% yield, respectively.

Previous Work

One of the largest genera of Lamiaceae, along with Salvia, to be represented in the New World tropics is Hyptis Jacq., with well over 300 species (1). The genus Hyptidendron R. M. Harley has been recently created and contains species formerly included in Hyptis (2). Both genera are characterized by explosive evolution in the Brazilian Cerrado region, as a major area of morphological variation. Its species are quite aromatic and are frequently reported in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections, cramps, and pain, as well as in the treatment of skin infections (3).

In recent years, various chemical components of a few species of Hyptis have been examined extensively for antimicrobial (4), cytotoxic (5), antitrypanosomal (6), and as a molluscicidal (7) and insecticide (8). Essential oils of some species of this genus were reported earlier (1). Biomonitorad-guided fractionation of the crude extract from leaves and stems of H. can urn resulted in the isolation of one new triterpene as well as several known ones (9), which showed antifungal activity against pathogenic systemic yeast of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

In the present work, the composition of the oils from leaves of H. canun and aerial parts of H. velutina were examined by CG/MS.

Present Work

GC analysis of the oils was carried out using a PerkinElmer gas chromatograph 8500 equipped with FID with a DB-5 column, 30 in x 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 (mu)n, temperature programmed as follows: 60*C for 5 min and then up to 240 deg C at 3 deg C/min, then to 280 deg C at 10 degC/min, ending with a 10 min at 280 deg C. The carrier gas was nitrogen (1.0 mL/ min); injector port and detector temperature were 225 deg C and 250deg C, respectively. Samples were injected by splitting and the split ratio 1:5.

GC/MS analysis was performed on Shimadzu QP5000 apparatus using a DB-5 capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 (mu)m) and temperature programmed as above. The carrier gas was He at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, split mode with ratio 1:5. Injection port was set at 225 C. Significant MS operating parameters: ion source temperature 250 deg C; ionization voltage, 70 eV, scan mass range, 40-350 (mu).

The compounds were identified by computer search using NIST libraries of mass spectral data and by comparison of their retention indices (10), relative to Cs-C^sub 22^ n-alkanes in a temperature-programmed run.

The main compounds of the H. canum leaf oil were lon giborneol (35.3%), globulol (14.4%) and spathulenol (11.6%), while the aerial parts of H. velutina contained gamma-- muurolene (47.4%), bicyclogermacrene (29.3%) and beta-- caryophyllene (13.4%). The list of compounds in the oil samples is presented in Table I.

Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to CNPq (Proc. No. 520769/99-6), PADCT III (Proc. No. 620166/97-5) and FUNAPE/UFG for financial support, and CNPq/PCOP for fellowship to J. G. S.

References

1. RM. Harley and T. Reynolds, Advances in Labiatae Science. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK (1992).

2. R. M. Harley, Revision of generic limits in Hyptis jacq. (Labiatae) and its allies. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 98, 87-95 (1988).

3. L. R. Septimio, A Fitoterapia Baseada em Ervas Medicinais do Cerrado. SIPE, Ministdo da Culture, Brasilia (1994).

4. V. Holzmannova, Rosmarinic acid and its biological activity. Chemicke Listy, 90, 486-496 (1996).

5. M. Kuhnt, A. Probstle, H. Rimpler, R. Bauer and M. Heinrich, Biological and pharmacological activities and further constituents of Hyptis verticillata. Plants Med., 61, 227-232 (1995).

6. A. Fournet, A. A. Barrios and V. Munoz, Leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities of Bolivian medicinal plants. J. Ethnopharmacol., 41, 19-37 (1994).

7. C. O. Okunji and M. M. lwu, Control of schistosomiasis using Nigerian plants as molluscicides. Int. J. Crude Drug Res., 26, 246-252 (1988).