Chemical variation in the essential oils of Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq.

Journal of Essential Oil Research: JEOR, Mar/Apr 2003 by Aguiar, Eloisa Helena A, Zoghbi, Maria das Gracas B, Silva, Milton Helio L, Maia, Jose Guilherme S, Et al

Abstract

The volatiles from leaves and fine stems of Hyptis mutabilis collected in the Amazon region were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The major components identified in the two especimens collected in the localities of Lago Grande and Retiro das Pedras, state of Amapa, Brazil, were thymol (37.4%), p-cyl-nene (19.3%) and gamma-terpinene (16.6%) in the former, and delta-3-carene (25.5%), terpinolene (24.7%) and globulol (11.9%) in the latter. The main compounds found in a third specimen, collected in the city of Belem, state of Para, Brazil, were 0caryophyllene (18.4%), 1,8-cineole (16.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (12.64). A fourth specimen, collected in the locality of Porto Ahnendra, Peru, was found to be rich in (E)- and (Z)-methyl cinnamate (70.0% and 9.8%, respectively).

Key Word Index

Hypos mutabilis, Lamiaceae, essential oil composition, p-cymene, gamma-terpinene, delta-3-carene, terpinolene, globulol, beta-caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole, bicyclogermacrene, (E)-methyl cinnamate.

Plant Name

Hypos nutabilis (Rich.) Brig. (Lamiaceae). Common name: alfavacao, alfavaca, sambacuite, alfvaca-de-caboclo, sambaite, bamburral and manjericao (Brazil), albahaquilla (Peru).

Source

The samples of H. mutabilis were collected in the localities of Lago Grande (specimen A) and Retiro das Pedras (specimen B), state of Amapa, Brazil; in the cit of Belem (specimen C), state of Para, Brazil; and in the locality of Porto Almendra (specimen D), Peru. The voucher specimens have been deposited in the Herbarium of Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Brazil.

Plant Part

The leaves and fine stems of the specimens A, B, C and D were dried at room temperature for seven days and submitted to hydrodistillation for 4 h, using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The oils obtained were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, producing yields of 2.1%, 0.1%, 0.1% and 0.7%, respectively.

Previous Work

The anti-ulcerogenic activity and the chemical variation of the oil of H. mutabilis have been previously reported (1-5).

Present Work

Analyses of the oils were performed on a Finnigan Mat INCOS XL GC/MS instrument x,ith the following conditions: a WCOT DB-5MS (30 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 (mu)m film thickness) fused silica capillary column; temperature programmed: 60 deg 240 deg C (3 deg C/rain); injector temperature: 220 deg C; carrier gas: helium, adjusted to a linear velocity of 32 cm/s (measured at 100 deg C): injection type: splitless (1 (mu)L, of a 1:1000 hexane solution); split flow was adjusted to give a 20:1; septum sweep was a constant 10 ml/min; EIMS: electron energy, 70 eV; ion source temperature and connection parts: 180 deg C. Individual components were identified by comparison of both mass spectra and their GC retention data with those of authentic compounds previously analyzed and stored in the data system. Other identifications were made by comparison of mass spectra with those existing in the data system libraries and cited in the literature (6,7). The retention indices were calculated for all volatile constituents using a homologous series of n-alkanes. The compounds identified in the oils are listed in Table 1. The main compounds identified in the oil of specimen A were thymol (37.4%), p-cymene (19.3%) and gamma-terpinene (16.6%). The major components found in specimen B were betabeta-carene (25.5%), terpinolene (24.7%) and globulol (11.9%). The principal constituents detected in specimen C were caryophyllene (18.4%), 1,8-cineole (16.8%), bicyclogennacrene (12.6%) and sabinene (9.7%). The specimen D was rich in (E)-methyl cinnamate (70.0%) and (Z)-methyl cinnamate (9.8%). The compounds beta-caryophyllene idbicyclogennacrene were also previously identified in the oil of H. nmutabilis existing in the locality of San Luis, Argentina (4). Another specimen collected in Cordoba, Argentina (5) was seen to be rich in transand cis -dihvdrocarvone, mvrcenone and camphor. From specimens collected in the localities of Taciateua and Bujari, state of Para, Brazil, were found mainlythe compounds beta-caryophyllene and thymol (2,3). Some similarities can be observed between the specimen C, collected in the city of Belem, Brazil, and the specimen existing in San Luis, Argentina. Moreover, analyzed speciments were quite distinguishable.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Pilot Program to Protect the Brazilian Rain Forest (PPG-7/European Community) for financial support.

References

1. P. P. P. Barbosa and C. P. Ramos, Studies on the antiulcerogenic activity of the essential oil of Hyptis mutabilis Briq. in rats. Phytother. Res., 6,114-115 (1992).

2. A. I. R. Luz, M. G. B. Zoghbi, L. S. Ramos, J. G. S. Maia and M. L. da Silva, Essential oils of some amazonian Labiatae, 1. Genus Hyptis. J. Nat. Prod., 47, 745-747 (1984).

3. A. 1. R. Luz, M. G. B. Zoghbi, M. L. da Silva, L. S. Ramos and J. G. S. Maia, Variedades quimicas de Hyptis mutabilis. Acta Amazon., 19,365370 (1989).

4. A. Velasco-Negueruela, M. J. Pdrez-Alonso, J. L. Esteban, C. A. Guzman, J. A. Zygadlo and L. A. Espinar, Volatile constituents of Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq. J. Essent. Oil Res., 7, 81-82 (1995).