Essential Oil of Prangos uloptera DC. from Iran

Journal of Essential Oil Research: JEOR, Sep/Oct 2004 by Mazloomifar, Hefzollah, Bigdeli, Mohsen, Saber-Tehrani, Mohammad, Rustaiyan, Abdolhossein, Et al

Abstract

The essential oil from aerial parts of Prangos uloptera DC. from Iran was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-eight constituents representing 89.1 % oi the oil were identified. The major constituents of the oil were [beta]-caryophyllene (27.1%), caryophyllene oxide (15.9%) and [alpha]-pinene (12.4%).

Key Word Index

Prangos uloptera, Umbelliferae, essential oil composition, [beta]-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, [alpha]-pinene.

Plant Name

Prangos uloptera DC., Umbelliferae (1).

Source

Aerial parts of the P. uloptera were collected from Fasham, 35 km north of Tehran, Iran, in June 1999, at the flowering stage. A voucher specimen has been deposited in the Herbarium of the Department of Botany, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

Plant Part

The aerial parts of the plant (200 g) were dried at room temperature and hydrodistilled for 3 h in a Clevenger-type apparatus to give an oil in 0.70% w/w yield.

Previous Work

Fifteen species of the genus Prangos are found in Iran, among which five are endemic: P. gaubae, P. crossoptera, P. tuberculata, P. cheilanthifolia and P. cattigonoides (2). A hydrodistilled oil obtained from the aerial parts off P. latiloba has been the subject of a previous study (3). The majorcomponents of the oil were [alpha]-pinene (25.1%), limonene (16.1%) and myrcene (9.5%).

A survey of the literature revealed that the oil composition of P. pabularia (4), P. hissarica,P. seraivschanica, P. fedtschenkoi (5), P. ferulacea (6,7), P. latiloba (3), P. uechtritzzi (8,9), P. bornmuelleri (10) and P. heyniae (11) have been reported.

Phytochemical studies on roots and fruits of P, uloptera revealed the presence of coumarin content (12-14). The oils obtained by steam distillation of the aerial parts and hydrodistillation of seed of P. uloptera were investigated. The main constituents of the aerial parts were [beta]-caryophyllene (18.2%), germacrene D (17.2%) andlimonene (8.7%), whereas the seed oil comprised mainly [alpha]-pinene (41.5%) and [beta]-cedrene (4.0%) (15). The present paper reports upon the volatile components from the aerial parts obtained by hydrodistillation of P. uloptera.

Present Work

The oil was analyzed by GC/MS using a Hewlett-Packard 5973 mass selective connected with an HP 6890 gas chromatograph. The separation was achieved by capillary column, HP-5MS (5% phenylmethylpolysiloxane) (30 m x 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 �m). The column temperature was kept at 60�C for 20 min and programmed to 220�C at a rate of 50�C/min, and kept constant at 220�C for 20 min. The flow rate of helium as carrier gas was 1 mL/min. Ms were taken at 70 eV.

The identification of the constituents was made by comparing their mass spectra and retention indices with those given in the literature and those authentic samples (16). Relative percentage amount were calculated from TIC by computer.

The identified constituents can be seen in Table I. There was a high content of sesquiterpene compounds including [beta]-caryophyllene (27.1%) and caryophyllene-oxide (15.9%). Among the monoterpenes identified in this oil, [alpha]-pinene (12.4%) and limonene (8.7%) were most abundant.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to V. Mozaffarian for helpful assistance in collecting plant material and for botanical identification.

References

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