Essential Oils of Hyptis conferta Pohl ex Benth. var. conferta and Hyptis conferta Pohl ex Benth. var. angustata (Briq.) Pohl ex Harley from Brazilian Cerrado

Journal of Essential Oil Research: JEOR, Mar/Apr 2005 by Ferreira, Eduardo C, Faria, Lourival C, Santos, Suzana C, Ferri, Pedro H, Et al

Abstract

The oils from aerial parts of Hyptis conferta var. conferta and H. conferta var. angustata were analyzed by GC/MS. The major constituents of H. conferta var. conferta oil were T-cadinol (24.4%), α-bisabolol (18.7%) and germacrene D (16.7%), while the oil of H. conferta var. angustata contained β-pinene (33.5%) and β-caryophyllene (10.8%) as main components.

Key Word Index

Hyptis conferta var. conferta, Hyptis conferta var. angustata, Lamiaceae, essential oil composition, T-cadinol, α-bisabolol, germacrene D, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene.

Plant Name

Hyptis conferta Pohl ex Benth. var. conferta and Hyptis conferta Pohl ex Benth. var. angustata (Briq.) Pohl ex Harley (Lamiaceae). Common name: malva.

Source

Aerial parts of H. conferta var. conferta and H. conferta var. angustata were collected, respectively, in Caiapônia (S 16°57'24", W51°48'37", 692m) and Carlândia cities (S 17°28'9", W50°26'25", 578 m), Goiás State, Brazil, in June 2001. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the Herbarium of the Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia (GO), Brazil (accession numbers 20520 and 25433, respectively).

Plant Part

Air-dried aerial parts of H. conferta var. conferta (0.34 kg) and H. conferta var. angustata (0.29 kg) were separately hydrodistilled to produce the oils in 0.01% and 0.1% yield, respectively.

Previous Work

Due more to historical reasons than anything else, the tropical species of Lamiaceae as Hyptis Jacq. are less used commercially, but are also often rich in essential oils and may be important at local community level, especially as medicines. Besides a few species in the genus that have been examined for their oil composition (ca 15 species), the Brazilian Cerrado is characterized by an explosive evolution of Hyptis, as a major area of morphological variation (1). Its species are quite aromatic and are frequently reported in the treatment of gastro-intestinal infections, cramps, and pain, as well as in the treatment of skin infections (2).

In recent years, various chemical components of a few species have been examined for antidermatogenic and antinociceptive effects (3), antimicrobial 4), cytotoxic (5), antitrypanosomal (6), and as a molluscicide (7) and insecticide (8).

In the present work, the composition of the oils from aerial parts of H. conferta var. conferta and H. conferta var. angustata were examined by GC and GC/MS.

Present Work

GC analysis of the oils was carried out using a Perkin-Elmer gas chromatograph 8500 equipped with FID with a DB-5 column, 30 m x 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 µm, temperature programmed as follows: 60°C for 2 min and then up to 240°C at 3°C/min, then to 280°C at 10°C/min, ending with a 10 min at 280°C. The carrier gas was nitrogen (1.0 mL/min); injector port and detector temperature were 225°C and 250°C, respectively. Samples were injected by splitting and the split ratio 1:5.

GC/MS analysis was performed on Shimadzu QP5050A apparatus using a CBP-5 capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 µm) and temperature programmed as above. The carrier gas was He at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, split mode with ratio 1:5. Injection port was set at 225°C. Significant quadrupole MS operating parameters: ion source temperature 250°C; ionization voltage, 70 eV, scan mass range of 40-400 μ at a sampling rate of 0.5 scan/s.

The compounds were identified by computer search using NIST21 and NIST107 libraries of mass spectral data (9) and by comparison of their retention indices (10), relative to C^sub 8^-C^sub 22^ n-alkane series (11) in a temperature-programmed run.

The main compounds of the H. conferta var. conferta oil were T-cadinol (24.4%), (α-bisabolol (18.7%) and germacrene D (16.7%), while the oil of H. conferta var. angustata contained β-pinene (33.5%) and β-caryophyllene (10.8%) as main components. The list of compounds found in the oils is presented in Table I.

Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to CNPq (#520769/99-6), PADCT III (#620166/97-5) and FUNAPE/UFG for financial support, and CAPES for fellowship to E.C.F.

References

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