Essential Oil of Salvia limbata C.A.Meyer Growing in Turkey, The

Journal of Essential Oil Research: JEOR, Mar/Apr 2005 by Kürkçüoglu, M, Demirci, B, Baser, K H C, Dirmenci, T, Et al

Abstract

Water-distilled essential oils from the aerial parts of Salvia limbata from two areas in eastern Turkey were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-eight and 42 components were characterized representing 95.6-98.1% of the compounds characterized in the oils with α-pinene (11.2-24.3%), β-pinene (10.0-20.9%) and sabinene (14.6-17.4%) as major constituents.

Key Word Index

Salvia limbata, Labiatae, essential oil composition, α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene.

Plant Name

Salvia limbata C.A.Meyer (1).

Source

Aerial parts were collected in Van and Erzurum in eastern Turkey.

A) Van: Van to Ercis road 35th km on June 8, 2001 at an altitude of 1850 m. Voucher specimens are kept at the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University (ESSE: 14012).

B) Erzurum: Campus area of Ataturk University on July 30, 2001 at an altitude of 1850 m. Voucher specimens are kept at the Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University (AEF 21163).

Plant Part

Air-dried flowering aerial parts of Salvia limbata collected from Van and Erzurum were hydrodistilled for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus to yield oils in 0.29%, 0.50%, for A and B, respectively.

Previous Work

Norsesterterpenes, diterpenes (2,3), triterpenes and polyphenols (4) of Salvia limbata were previously reported. There is no previous report on the essential oil composition of S. limbata.

Present Work

The oils were analyzed by the following GC and GC/MS systems.

Gas chromatography: 1) GC analysis using a Hewlett Packard 6890 system. An HP-Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) was used with nitrogen as the carrier gas (1 mL/min). The oven temperature was kept at 60°C for 10 min and programmed to 220°C at a rate of 4°C/min, then kept constant at 220°C for 10 min and then programmed to 240°C at a rate of 1°C/min. The injector temperature was at 250°C. The percentage compositions were obtained from electronic integration measurements using flame ionization detection (FID, 250°C).

2) GC analysis using a Shimadzu GC-17A system. An CP-Sil 5CB column (25 m x 0.25 mm, 0.4 µm film thickness) was used with nitrogen as carrier gas (1 mL/min). The oven temperature was kept at 60°C and programmed to 260°C for at a rate of 5°C/min, and then kept constant at 260°C for 40 min. Split flow was adjusted at 50 mL/min. The injector and FID detector temperatures were at 250°C.

Alkanes were used as reference points in the calculation of relative retention indices (RRI).

GC/MS: The following GC/MS systems. 1) A Hewlett Packard GCD system. Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm) was used with helium as the carrier gas. GC oven temperature was kept at 60°C for 10 min and programmed to 220°C at a rate of 4°C/min, and then kept constant at 220°C for 10 min and programmed to 240°C at a rate of 1°C min. Split flow was adjusted at 50 mL/min. The injector temperature was at 250°C. MS were taken at 70 eV. Mass range was from m/z 35 to 425.

2) A Shimadzu GCMS-QP5050A system, with CP-Sil 5CB column (25 m x 0.25 mm) was used with helium as the carrier gas. GC oven temperature was kept at 60°C and programmed to 260°C for at a rate of 5°C/min, and then kept constant at 260°C for 40 min. Split flow was adjusted at 50 mL/min. The injector temperature was at 250°C. MS were taken at 70 eV. Mass range was between m/z 30 to 425.

Library search was carried out using Wiley GC/MS Library and Baser Library of Essential Oil Constituents. The components identified in the oils are listed in Table I.

Dried aerial parts of S. limbata collected from two localities in Turkey. Oils yielded similar compositions: 70-80% of the oil consisted of monoterpenes and 15-20% of sesquiterpenes. The Erzurum sample contained 3.7% of a diteqsene identified as 8,13-epoxy-15,16-dinor-labd-12-ene.α-Pineneorl,8-cineole-rich Salvia oils are used as herbal tea in Turkey.

References

1. P.H. Davis, Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7, p. 450, University Press, Edinburgh (1982).

2. A. Ulubelen, G. Topçu, U. Sönmez, C. Eris and U. Özgen, Norsesterterpenes and diterpenes from the aerial parts of Salvia limbata. Phytochemistry, 43, 431-434 (1996).

3. G. Topçu, C. Eris and A. Ulubelen, Rearranged abietane diterpenes from Salvia limbata. Phytochemistry, 41, 1143-1147 (1996).

4. S. Shamsudinov, S.F. Dzhumyrko and A.V. Simonyan, Polyphenols and Triterpenes from Salvia limbata. Chem. Nat. Comp., 15(1), 80 (1979).

M. Kürkçüoglu, B. Demirci and K.H.C. Baser*

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey

T. Dirmenci and G. Tümen

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Balikesir University, 10100 Balikesir, Turkey

U. Özgen

Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey

* Address for correspondence

Received: February 2002

Accepted: March 2002

1041-2905/05/0002-0192$6.00/0-© 2005 Allured Publishing Corp.