Constituents of the Essential Oil of Pluchea quitoc DC

Journal of Essential Oil Research: JEOR, Nov/Dec 2006 by Arriaga, Ângela M C, Cordeiro, Francisca C V, Lima, Jefferson Q, Vasconcelos, Jackson N, Et al

Abstract

The essential oil obtained from fresh leaves of Pluchea quitoc DC (Compositae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-four compounds are identified, of which δ-cadinene (25.3%) and 1,8-cineole (17.3%) were the major constituents.

Key Word Index

Pluchea quitoc, Compositae, essential oil composition, δ-cadinene, 1,8-cineole.

Plant Name

Pluchea quitoc DC, family Compositae. Populary known as Madrecravo.

Source

Pluchea quitoc was collected at the flowering stage in June 2004 in the Medicinal Plants Garden Francisco Jose de Abreu Matos of the Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, where it was cultivated. A voucher specimen # 31.056 has been deposited at the Herbario Frisco Bezerra, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal do Ceara, Brazil.

Plant Part

The fresh leaves (500 g) of the P. quitoc were cut in small pieces and hydrodistilled for 4 h, in a Clevenger-type glass hydrodistillation apparatus, to produce oil in 0.2% yields on a fresh weight basis. The sample oil, which had a pale yellow color, was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and stored in sealed glass vial at low temperature before analysis.

Previous Work

Pluchea quitoc is used in folk medicine in Brazil as expectorant, digestive and anti-rheumatic (1,2). Previous studies in this species reported the isolation of steroids, triterpenes and eudesmane derivatives (3-5).

To the best of our knowledge, the essential oil composition of Pluchea quitoc has not yet been reported in the literature.

Present Work

The oil of P. quitoc was analyzed using GC and GC/MS. Analytical GC was performed on a Shimadzu GC-17A gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector using a non-polar DB-5 fused silica capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness). Hydrogen was used as carrier gas at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and 30 psi inlet pressure; split ratio 1:30; The column temperature was programmed from 35°-180°C at a rate of 4°C/min, then heated at a rate of 17°C/min to 280°C and held isothermal for 10 min; both injector temperature and detector temperature were 250°C.

The GC/MS analysis was carried out on a Hewlett-Packard Model 5971 GC/MS using a non-polar DB-5 fused silica capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness); carrier gas He, flow rate 1 mL/min and with split mode. The injector temperature and detector temperature were 250°C and 200°C, respectively. The column temperature was programmed from 35°-180°C at 4°C/min and then 180°-250°C at 10°C/min. Mass spectral were recorded from 30-450 m/z. Individual components were identified by matching their 70 eV mass spectra with those of the spectrometer data base using the Wiley L-built library and other two computer libraries MS searches using retention indices as a preselection routine (6,7), as well as by visual comparison of the fragmentation pattern with those reported in the literature (8,9). The chemical components identified in the oil of P. quitoc are presented in Table I.

Acknowledgments

Authors are indebted to P.S. Cavalcante and E.P. Nunes for botanical identification, to Brazilian agencies FINEP, CAPES, CNPq and FUNCAP for financial support and to PADETEC for the GC/MS spectra.

References

1. J.G.S Maia and M.H.L. Silva, Potencial Econômico de Plantas Aromáticas do Pará. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Para, Brazil (1995).

2. R. Braga, Plantas do Nordeste, especialmente do Ceará. 3a. Edição, Imprensa Oficial, Ceara, Brazil (1976).

3. G.M.S.P Guillhon and A. Muller, Eudesmane derivatives from Pluchea quitoc. Phytochemistry, 43, 417-421 (1996)

4. G.M.S.P Guillhon and A. Muller, Eudesmanolides and epoxycuathemones from Pluchea qultoc. Phytochemlstry, 49, 1347-1351 (1998).

5. G.M.S.P Guillhon and A. Muller, Eudesmane sesquiterpenoids from Pluchea quitoc. Phytochemistry, 47, 227-229 (1998).

6. J.W. Alencar, A.A. Craveiro, F.J.A. Matos and M.I.L Machado, Kovats Indices Simulation in Essential Oil Analysis. Quim. Nova, 13, 282-283 (1990).

7. A.A. Cravelro, F.J.A. Matos and J.W. Alencar, Kovats indices as a preselection routine in mass spectra library search of volatiles. J. Nat. Prod., 47, 890-892 (1984).

8. E. Stenhagen, S. Abrahamson and F.W. McLafferty, Registry of Mass Spectra Data. John. Wllley & Sons, Newark, NY (1974).

9. R.P. Adams, Identification of Essential Oils Components by Gas Chromatography/Trap Mass Spectrometry, Allured Publ. Corp., Carol Stream, IL (2001).

Ângela M.C. Arriaga,* Francisca C.V. Cordeiro, Jefferson Q. Lima, Jackson N. Vasconcelos, Edinilza M.A. Feitosa and Manoel Andrade-Neto

Curso de Pos-Graduação em Química Orgânica, Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará Cx Postal 12200, Fortaleza-CE 60021-970, Brazil

Ronaldo F. Nascimento

Departamento de Química Analítica e Fisico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Cx. Postal 12100, CEP 60451-670, Fortaleza-Ceara-Brazil

* Address for correspondence

1041-2905/06/0006-0693$14.00/00 -© 2006 Allured Publishing Corp.

Received: April 2005

Revised: September 2005

Accepted: October 2005