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Essential Oil Composition of Pinus halepensis Mill. from Three Different Regions of Algeria

Journal of Essential Oil Research: JEOR,  Jan/Feb 2007  by Dob, Tahar,  Berramdane, Tayeb,  Chelghoum, Chaabane

<< Page 1  Continued from page 1.  Previous | Next

The oils were found to be rich in sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons with 13 compounds being identified in the oils of three regions SF, Dj and Sd, accounting for 34.3% (SF), 41.3% (Dj) and 45.1% (Sd) of the total oils. The principal compounds in the oils were found to be β-caryophyllene (19.8% for SF, 25.0% for Sd and 25.8% for Dj), followed by α-humulene (10.5% in Sd and 6.2% in SF), and aromadendrene (8.6% in Dj). The oxygenated sesquiterpene fraction accounted for only a minor portion of the oils (1.2% in Sd, 1.2% in Dj and 2.5% in SF). The main oxygenated sesquiterpenes in the oils were (Z)-nerolidol (2.2% for SF) and elemol (1.0% and 1.1% for Sd and Dj regions, respectively).

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However, with regard to the composition of the oils obtained from the needles tricyclene, α-phellandrene, α-terpinene and γ-terpinene from SF region; hexyl acetate, borneol and allo-aromadendrene from Dj region; and linalool, borneol, α-terpineol, α-ylangene and γ-eudesmol from Sd region were minor constituents found in traces.

Table III summarizes previous investigations on the oils from several populations of P. halepensis (only yield and the main components were considered). A comparison of the results obtained in this study with data on the needle oils from other countries and sites shows that P. halepensis grown in the Greece (18) was similar to our oils with its main constituents of β-caryophyllene (19.0%) and α-pinene (13.4%), and the presence of δ-3-carene (6.8%). The Greek oil was rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (41.8%). The Aleppo pine needle oils collected from Italy contained β-caryophyllene (26.3%) as the principal constituent but it was also rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (43.5%), with myrcene (12.4%) and p-cymene (11.4%) being major (16). Another Italian oil of P. halepensis was found to be rich in myrcene (27.9%), α-pinene (18.1%) and β-caryophyllene (16.4%), with the monoterpene hydrocarbons (86%) comprising to be the major part of the oil (20). Hmamouchi et al. (19) studied the needle oils composition of Moroccan Aleppo pine. They found that this oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (41.6%), with α-pinene (23.3%), myrcene (16.3%) and β-caryophyllene (14.2%) as major constituents. Zafra et al. (15) reported the main constituents to be sabinene (35.9%), α-pinene (23.3%) and terpinolene (18.5%). Furthermore, the analysis of a needle oil of P. halepensis originating from Algeria (17) in region of Tessimsilt and Djelfa revealed an oil that had monoterpenoid hydrocarbons as the dominant components (34.1% and 29.4%, respectively), with some additional oxygenated derivatives and non-terpenoid compounds. The principal compounds were found to be α-pinene (17.6%) and myrcene (8.6%) in the oils of Djelfa and Tessimsilt, respectively.

From our study, we could conclude that the analyzed oils belonged to the β-caryophyllene and α-pinene chemotype, and the results obtained showed differences in the quantitative and qualitative composition. A summary of the data on P. halepensis oil revealed the existence of several chemotypes eg.: myrcene-type, Tessimsilt region (Algeria); α-pinene-type, Djelfa region (Algeria); α-pinene-type, Rabat region (Morocco); β-caryophyllene-type, Attiki region (Greece); myrcene-type, Asciano region (Italy); and sabinene-type, (Spain).

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