Volatile Constituents of the Leaves and Stems of Piper glandulosissimum Yunck.

Journal of Essential Oil Research: JEOR, Sep/Oct 2007 by Andrade, Eloisa Helena A, Zoghbi, Maria das Graças B

Abstract

The essential oils of the leaves and stems of Piper glandulosissimum collected in the city of Belém (PA), were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major components identified in the oils of P. glandulosissimum are caryophyllene oxide (stems: 15.3%, leaves: 2.3%) and β-caryophyllene (stems: 12.6%, leaves: 9.3%). Yield of leaves and stems were 0.3% and 0.1%, respectively.

Key Word Index

Piper glandulosissimum, Piperaceae, essential oil composition, caryophyllene oxide, β-caryophyllene

Plant Name

Piper glandulosissimum Yunck., Piperaceae.

Source

The aerial parts of P. glanduhsissimum were collected at the campus of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) in the city of Belém, PA, Brazil. The botanical identification was made with comparison of the voucher #165227, and are kept in the Herbarium of MPEG.

Plant Part

The leaves and stems of P. glanduhsissimum were dried in an air-conditioned room for seven days, grounded, and submitted to hydrodistillation for 3 h, using a Clevenger-type apparatus to produce oils in 0.3% and 0.1% yields, respectively.

Previous Work

Concerning the ethnobotanical information, a survey of the literature revealed that no references could be found on the biological properties and chemical composition of P. glandulosissimum oil.

Present Work

GC-FID: Analyses of the leaf and stem oils were performed on a HP5890-II instrument, equipped a silica capillary column (DB-5MS; 30m x 0.25mm; 0.25µm film thickness). Hydrogen was used as the carrier gas (linear velocity of 32 cm/s, measured at 100°C); split flow: 20:1 ratio; septum sweep: 10mL/min; injection: splitless (2µL, of a2:100 hexane solution); injector and detector temperature: 250°C; oven temperature programmed: 60°-240°C at 3°C/min. The GC was connected with an eletronic integrator HP 3396 Series II. The percentage composition of the oil samples were computed from the GC peak areas without using correction for response factors.

GCMS: Performed on a Finnigan Mat INCOS XL GC/MS system in the same conditions as above, except the carrier gas was He. EIMS: electron energy, 70 eV; ion source temperature and connection parts: 180°C. Individual components were identified by comparison of both MS and RI data with those of authentic compounds previously analyzed and stored in the data system, and by comparison of MS with those cited in the literature (1). Components and retention indices are listed in Table I.

Results and Discussion

Table I gives the chemical composition found in the leaf and fine stem oils from P. glanduhsissimum. A total of 66 volatile constituents were identified, accounting for 92.3% and 85.4% of the chemical composition of the correspondent oils, respectively. The terpenoid compounds comprised 84.5% of the total of the oil; 16.7% of which are monoterpenes (seven hydrocarbons and four oxygenated), and 68.2% are sesquiterpenes (30 hydrocarbons and 15 oxygenated). Other component comprised 15.5% of the oil, of which, aldehydes were the predominant compounds. Among the monoterpenes α- and β-pinene and (Z)-β-ocimene were present in amounts ≥ 1.9%. Caryophyllene oxide, β-caryophyllene, cis-ß-guaiene, bicyclogermacrene, α-copaene, trans-α-bergamotene, α-cadinol, δ-cadinene, γ-muurolene, epi-α-muurolol, β-gurjunene and α-selinene occured in amounts between 3.1%-15.3%. Moreover, caryophyllene oxide, cis-β-guaiene and bicyclogermacrene were detected only in the stem oil. β-Caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were also detected in high amounts in the oils of P. duckei (23.5% and 18.4%, respectively) and P. amapense (25.0% and 17.0%, respectively), the latter accompanied by β-selinene (15.0%) (2).

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to PPBIO/MCT for financial support.

References

1. R. P. Adams, Identification of Essential oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Allured Publ Corp.: Carol Stream, IL, (2001).

2. A.S. Santos, E.H.A. Andrade, M.G.B. Zoghbi and J.G.S. Maia, Sesquiterpenes of Amazonian Piper species. Acta Amazonica, 28, 127-130 (1998).

Eloisa Helena A. Andrade and Maria das Graças B. Zoghbi*

Coordenação de Botánica, Musen Paraense Emílio Goeldi, CP 399, 66040-170 Belém, PA, Brasil

* Address for correspondence

Received: November 2005

Accepted: December 2005

1041-2905/07/0005-0401$14.00/0© 2007 Allured Publishing Corp.